Development of Novel Low-Cost Quaternized Adsorbent from Palm Oil Agriculture Waste for Reactive Dye Removal

Starch is used whenever there is a need for natural elastic properties combined with low cost of production. However, the hydrophilic properties in structural starch will decrease the thermal performance of formulated starch polymer. Therefore, the effect of glycerol, palm olein, and crude palm oil (CPO), as plasticizers, on the thermal behavior ofTacca leontopetaloidesstarch incorporated with natural rubber in biopolymer production was investigated in this paper. Four different formulations were performed and represented by TPE1, TPE2, TPE3, and TPE4. The compositions were produced by using two-roll mill compounding. The sheets obtained were cut into small sizes prior to thermal testing. The addition of glycerol shows higher enthalpy of diffusion in which made the material easily can be degraded, leaving to an amount of 6.6% of residue. Blending of CPO with starch (TPE3) had a higher thermal resistance towards high temperature up to 310°C and the thermal behavior of TPE2 only gave a moderate performance compared with other TPEs.

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Feasibility study of cadmium adsorption by palm oil fuel ash (POFA)-based low-cost hollow fibre zeolitic membrane

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-018-2286-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (22) ◽

pp. 21644-21655 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohamad Sukri Mohamad Yusof ◽

Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman ◽

Azeman Mustafa ◽

Mukhlis Abdul Rahman ◽

Juhana Jaafar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Feasibility Study ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hollow Fibre ◽

Palm Oil Fuel Ash ◽

Fuel Ash ◽

Cadmium Adsorption ◽

Oil Fuel

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Application of low-cost adsorbents for dye removal – A review

Journal of Environmental Management ◽

10.1016/j.jenvman.2008.11.017 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 90 (8) ◽

pp. 2313-2342 ◽

Cited By ~ 1917

Author(s):

V.K. Gupta ◽

Suhas

Keyword(s):

Dye Removal ◽

Low Cost

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Low-Cost Alternative Biodiesel Production Apparatus Based on Household Food Blender for Continuous Biodiesel Production for Small Communities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-289076/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wijittra Wongjaikham ◽

Doonyapong Wongsawaeng ◽

Vareeporn Ratnitsai ◽

Manita Kamjam ◽

Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Low Cost ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Molar Ratio ◽

Homogeneous Catalyst ◽

Reaction Volume ◽

Small Communities ◽

Production Apparatus

Abstract Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil cost and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1,200 W high efficiency fruit blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2,000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62 - 63oC, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for palm oil) and 19.39 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household fruit blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

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Optimisation of durian peel based activated carbon preparation conditions for dye removal

Science and Technology Development Journal ◽

10.32508/stdj.v16i1.1384 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 22-31

Author(s):

Phung Thi Kim Le ◽

Kien Anh Le

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Low Cost ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

Impregnation Ratio ◽

Carbon Production ◽

Removal Capacity

Agricultural wastes are considered to be a very important feedstock for activated carbon production as they are renewable sources and low cost materials. This study present the optimize conditions for preparation of durian peel activated carbon (DPAC) for removal of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic effluents. The effects of carbonization temperature (from 673K to 923K) and impregnation ratio (from 0.2 to 1.0) with potassium hydroxide KOH on the yield, surface area and the dye adsorbed capacity of the activated carbons were investigated. The dye removal capacity was evaluated with methylene blue. In comparison with the commercial grade carbons, the activated carbons from durian peel showed considerably higher surface area especially in the suitable temperate and impregnation ratio of activated carbon production. Methylene blue removal capacity appeared to be comparable to commercial products; it shows the potential of durian peel as a biomass source to produce adsorbents for waste water treatment and other application. Optimize condition for preparation of DPAC determined by using response surface methodology was at temperature 760 K and IR 1.0 which resulted the yield (51%), surface area (786 m2/g), and MB removal (172 mg/g).

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Highly efficient film-like nanocellulose-based adsorbents for the removal of loose reactive dye during textile laundering

Textile Research Journal ◽

10.1177/0040517518760752 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 975-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vera Vivod ◽

Branko Neral ◽

Aleš Mihelič ◽

Vanja Kokol

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Surface Potential ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

Reactive Dye ◽

Cationic Polymer ◽

Solvent Casting ◽

Dye Molecules ◽

Casting Method ◽

Bleeding Effect

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) were surface functionalized with hexamethylenediamine (HMDA) and, further, integrated with native CNFs in various weight mass ratios to fabricate water-stable films by the solvent casting method, to be used for the removal of tri-chromatic and anionic black reactive dye with the highest bleeding effect in the very first minutes of textile laundering, and in a weight mass compared to a commercial color-catcher sheet (Delta Pronatura (DP)). The effects of CNF-HMDA content on film bath absorption, surface potential and contact angle properties, as well as dye removal kinetics from different laundering baths (A – without and B – with a detergent) in up to 140 min were studied at 20℃ versus 60℃ and using different dye concentrations (0.1–1 g/L). It was found that bath absorption is decreased significantly (up to 60%) by increasing the CNF-HMDA content in the films, as compared to using a DP color-catcher sheet, due to a morphologically denser structure with surface-positioned hydrophobic ethylene moieties of HMDA, as well as reducing electrostatic attraction groups of CNF and HMDA. Such a surface interacts kinetically faster with anionic and hydrophobic dye molecules already at 20℃, reaching up to 37–80% removal of all dye colorants in the first 20 min. In contrast, the dye removal efficacy of the DP color-catcher sheet is due to it interacting with a cationic polymer being released from the surface, which is better only for a bluish color, and at 60℃, while being between 30% and 48%, as its release is hindered and reduced by the deposition of surfactants from the detergent.

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