scholarly journals Optimisation of durian peel based activated carbon preparation conditions for dye removal

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Phung Thi Kim Le ◽  
Kien Anh Le
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Removal Capacity

Agricultural wastes are considered to be a very important feedstock for activated carbon production as they are renewable sources and low cost materials. This study present the optimize conditions for preparation of durian peel activated carbon (DPAC) for removal of methylene blue (MB) from synthetic effluents. The effects of carbonization temperature (from 673K to 923K) and impregnation ratio (from 0.2 to 1.0) with potassium hydroxide KOH on the yield, surface area and the dye adsorbed capacity of the activated carbons were investigated. The dye removal capacity was evaluated with methylene blue. In comparison with the commercial grade carbons, the activated carbons from durian peel showed considerably higher surface area especially in the suitable temperate and impregnation ratio of activated carbon production. Methylene blue removal capacity appeared to be comparable to commercial products; it shows the potential of durian peel as a biomass source to produce adsorbents for waste water treatment and other application. Optimize condition for preparation of DPAC determined by using response surface methodology was at temperature 760 K and IR 1.0 which resulted the yield (51%), surface area (786 m2/g), and MB removal (172 mg/g).

scholarly journals Removal of Methylene Blue from Waste Water Using Activated Carbon Prepared from Rice Husk

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
S. M. Ruhul Amin ◽  
A. M. Shafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Blue Dye

The possible utilization of rice husk activated carbon as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions has been investigated. In this study, activated carbons, prepared from low-cost rice husk by sulfuric acid and zinc chloride activation, were used as the adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue, a basic dye, from aqueous solutions. Effects of various experimental parameters, such as adsorbent dosage and particle size, initial dye concentration, pH and flow rate were investigated in column process. The maximum uptakes of methylene blue by activated rice husk carbon at optimized conditions (particle sizes: 140 ?m; Flow rate: 1.4 mL/min; pH: 10.0; initial volume of methylene blue: 50 mL and initial concentration of methylene blue: 4.0 mg/L etc.) were found to 97.15%. The results indicate that activated carbon of rice husk could be employed as low-cost alternatives to commercial activated carbon in waste water treatment for the removal of basic dyes. This low cost and effective removal method may provide a promising solution for the removal of crystal violet dye from wastewater.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11491 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 185-189, 2012 (July)

scholarly journals Waste biomass as sources for activated carbon production-A review

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
MA Rouf
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Active Carbons ◽  
Carbon Production ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

A review of the production of activated carbons from waste biomass has been presented. The effects of various process parameters on the pyrolysis stage have been reviewed. Influences of activating conditions, physical and chemical, on the active carbon properties have been discussed. Under certain process conditions several active carbons with BET surface areas, ranging between 250 and 2410 m2/g and pore volumes of 0.022 and 91.4 cm3/g, have been produced. A comparison in characteristics and uses of activated carbons from waste biomass with those of commercial carbons has been made. Waste biomass being highly efficient, low cost and renewable sources of activated carbon production. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 347-364, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14064

Removal of Methylene Blue by Adsorption Process - A Comparative Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Xavier ◽  
J. Gandhi Rajan ◽  
D. Usha ◽  
R Sathya
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Molecular Formula

Methylene blue is a heterocyclic aromatic chemical compound with the molecular formula C16H18N3SCl. It has used in the biology and chemistry field. At room temperature, it appears as a solid, odourless dark green powder that yields blue solution when dissolved in water. As a part of removal of methylene blue dye from textile and leather industrial wastes, using activated carbon as adsorbents namely, commercial activated carbon (CAC), rose apple carbon (RAC), coconut shell carbon (CSC) and saw dust carbon (SDC). The percentage of Methylene blue adsorbed increases with decrease in initial concentration and particle size of adsorbent and increased with increase in contact time, temperature and dose of adsorbents. The pH is highly sensitive for dye adsorption process. The adsorption process followed first order kinetics and the adsorption data the modeled with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The first kinetic equations like Natarajan Khalaf, Lagergren, Bhattacharya and Venkobhachar and intra particle diffusion were found to be applicable. A comparative account of the adsorption capacity of various carbons has been made. These activated carbons are alternative to commercial AC for the removal dyes in General and MB is particular. These results are reported highly efficient and effective and low cost adsorbent for the MB. The thermodynamics parameters are also studied and it obeys spontaneous process. The results are confirmed by before and after adsorption process with the help of the following instrumental techniques viz., FT-IR, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer and SEM photos.

scholarly journals Activated Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Waste Wood and Straw for Potential Wastewater Adsorption

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Januszewicz ◽  
Paweł Kazimierski ◽  
Maciej Klein ◽  
Dariusz Kardaś ◽  
Justyna Łuczak
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Physical Activation ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Waste Wood ◽  
Carbon Production

Pyrolysis of straw pellets and wood strips was performed in a fixed bed reactor. The chars, solid products of thermal degradation, were used as potential materials for activated carbon production. Chemical and physical activation processes were used to compare properties of the products. The chemical activation agent KOH was chosen and the physical activation was conducted with steam and carbon dioxide as oxidising gases. The effect of the activation process on the surface area, pore volume, structure and composition of the biochar was examined. The samples with the highest surface area (1349.6 and 1194.4 m2/g for straw and wood activated carbons, respectively) were obtained when the chemical activation with KOH solution was applied. The sample with the highest surface area was used as an adsorbent for model wastewater contamination removal.

Preparation and Characterization of Textile Sludge-Based Activated Carbon for Dyes Removal

2016 ◽  
Vol 818 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Nurul Atiqah Najlaa Yac’cob ◽  
Norzita Ngadi ◽  
Roshanida Abd Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reactive Black 5 ◽  
Adsorbent Dosage ◽  
Percentage Removal ◽  
Textile Sludge ◽  
Dyes Removal

An activated carbon derived from textile sludge was synthesized as an initiative of low cost adsorbent for removal of dyes. The surface area of this activated carbon was determined by Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). From the BET results, it shows a high increment in the BET multi point area for textile sludge-activated carbon as compared to the textile sludge, which is 623.9557 m2/g and 58.9806 m2/g, respectively. The effects of initial adsorbent dosage were studied in the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Methylene Blue (MB) dyes. RB5 and MB dyes solutions were used to represent anionic and cationic dyes respectively. It was concluded that the adsorbent dosage was proportional to the dyes removal for both RB5 and MB with percentage removal up to 99%.

RSM Optimization for the Production of Activated Carbons from Para-Wood Residue

2016 ◽  
Vol 718 ◽  
pp. 100-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pichaya Nitnithiphrut ◽  
Rangsinee Pimsri ◽  
Varinrumpai Seithtanabutara
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Wood Residue ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Rsm Optimization

Para-wood residue was impregnated in 40% wt. of H3PO4 solution for 24 h before carbonization under different temperatures and times. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box-Behnken was applied to optimize the operating conditions in producing activated carbon with high specific surface area. The effects of three variables; impregnation ratio, carbonising temperature and time on the specific surface of activated carbons were investigated. The proposed model was almost in accordance with the experimental case with correlation efficient and of 0.9653 and 0.9029, respectively. The optimal conditions were found to be 6%wt. of impregnation ratio and carbonization at 400°C for 67.27 min. The predicted surface area of produced activated carbon under these optimal conditions determined by RSM was 1069.30 m2/g. Experimental validation at these conditions was observed of 978.95 m2/g which closely agreed with the predicted value. This obtained activated carbon structure composed of mesopores and micropores with the average pore diameter of 21.71°A. This study indicated the RSM based on Box-Behnken design was the effectively method to optimize the operating condition and maximize the specific surface area of produced activated carbons.

scholarly journals Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Obtained from Rice Husks by Treatment with Phosphoric Acid

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila B. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption Isotherms

Ground rice husks were impregnated with phosphoric acid (30–70 wt.%) followed by carbonization at 673 or 773 K. Analysis of the nitrogen adsorption isotherms was achieved by applying the BET, DR, t- and αS-methods so as to assess the contribution of micropores and mesopores in the products. The washed products showed reasonable surface areas with dimensions in the micropore range. Adsorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution indicated high affinity and high dye removal capacity. Low iodine numbers and methylene blue values were ascribed to the high ash content extending up to 50% of the activated carbon. Pre-impregnation with 50% H3PO4 and carbonization at 400°C proved to be most effective in producing an activated carbon with the highest adsorption capacity from the gas or solution.

Preparation of Activated Carbon of Lignin from Straw Pulping by Chemical Activation Using Potassium Carbonate

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 517-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Juan Jin ◽  
Zhi Ming Yu ◽  
Gao Jiang Yan ◽  
Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Potassium Carbonate ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Optimum Conditions

Activated carbons were prepared through chemical activation of lignin from straw pulping precursor using potassium carbonate as the chemical agent. Effects of activated temperature, K2CO3/lignin ratio and the activated time on the yield, Iodine number of activated carbon were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the optimum conditions were as follow: activated temperature 800°C, K3CO3(40% concentration) /lignin ratio 5: l, activated time 50min. These conditions allowed us to obtain a BET surface area of 1104 m2/g, including the external or non-microporous surface of 417 m2/g，Amount of methylene blue adsorption, Iodine number and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 10.6mL/0.lg,1310 mg/g and 19.75%, respectively.

scholarly journals Integrated approach in treatment of solid olive residue and olive wastewater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Altalhi ◽  
A. Abd El-moemen ◽  
Mohamed M. Ibrahim ◽  
Amine Mezni ◽  
Ibrahim Hotan Alsohaimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Steam Activation ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Olive Residue ◽  
By Products

Abstract Olive oil production processes breed two kinds of environmentally detriment waste by-products; the solid olive residue (SOR) and olive waste water (OWW) by-products. The current work aims to treat simultaneously both wastes in the same location. The solid olive residue was converted to activated carbon with pyrolysis at 600°C, followed by steam activation at 600, 700 and 800°C. The produced activated carbons were investigated by FTIR, SEM, BET surface areas analyzer and iodine number. The surface area increases with increasing stream activation temperature up to 800°C (1020 m2/g BET). However, steam activation at 700°C is most environmental and economically feasible, because increasing the activation temperature from 700 to 800°C increases the surface area only from 979 to 1020 m2/g. Activated carbon steam cured at 700°C shows high removal capacity of both polyphenolic compounds and COD of OWW. 95.5% of COD and 84.2% of polyphenolic compounds was removed after equilibrium with activated carbon for 2 hours at room temperature.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Activating Agents on Surface Area and Methylene Blue Uptake Capacity of Activated Carbons

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Volatile Matter ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Activating Agent

Activated carbon from Acacia asak (Fabaceae) tree branches was prepared utilizing three-steps- process and H3P04, ZnCl2, H2S04, K2C03, Na0H and K0H as chemical activating agents. In addition to the elemental analysis of precursor materials, produced activated carbon (ATB-AC) was also analyzed for moisture content, ash content, pH value, bulk density, volatile matter, hardness, specific surface area (SBET), iodine number and pore volume. Results revealed that the quality of ATB-AC is well comparable to the available commercial activated carbon (CAC). The SBET was found to be in the order of ATB-AC1> ATB- AC2> ATB-AC4> ATB-AC6> ATB-AC3> ATB-AC5. All the produced ATB-AC demonstrated good MB (methylene blue) removal efficiency, whereas ATB-AC1 and ATB-AC2 (produced from H3P04, and ZnCl2) showed higher efficiency. It is concluded that the chemical activating agent has significant effect on produced AC keeping all other production parameters constant. Among the six studied chemicals, H3P04 and ZnCl2 produced AC exhibited high SBET surface area and MB uptake capacity.  

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