Kajian Mutu Kimia Bubuk Kopi Espresso Aceh Berdasarkan Rasio Pencampuran Varietas Kopi Arabika dan Robusta dan Teknik Penyangraian

Generally there are two coffee varietes cultivated in Indonesia, known as Arabica and Robusta coffee. Arabica distinctively known for its distinctive quality but limited quantity compared to robusta which is commonly use for commercial coffee production due to its robust productivity. Nowadays, global market demand encourages a huge variety of coffee product, based on coffee such as espresso. The quality of espresso is influence by many factors such as roasting technique and ratio blending of coffee ground. This study aims to determine the influence of blending ratio and roasting techniqus to the chemical compounds of coffee ground and its espresso brewed. This research used Factorial Random Design, consists of 2 factors. First factor is ratio of blending Arabica and Robusta with three levels ratio; B1=70:30; B2=80:20; and B3=90:10). The second factor is roasting technique, consisting of 2 levels of conventional roasting(P1) and torrefacto (P2). Each treatment was repeated 3 replications to obtain 18 units of experiment. Measured parameters are pH of brewed espresso and moisture (%), ash (%), protein (%), lipid (%) and caffeine (%) contents of coffee ground. The results showed that the blending ratio was highly significant (P≤0,01) to the moisture and protein contents of coffee grounds and pH of resulted espresso. The best treatment was obtained from combination of B1P1 treatment (combination blending ratio (70%:30%) and conventional roasting) with 2.00% moisture content, 4.83% ash, 13.04% protein, 10.41% fat, 81.17% carbohydrate and caffeine 1.49%.

The effect of water content and carbon source addition on lipase production from Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 using spent coffee ground

Lipase is one of the industrially important enzymes, however, the production needs costly substrate. To overcome the problem, we developed an effective medium formulation to produce lipase from indigenous lipolytic mould Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 using spent coffee ground. We observed the effect of additional glucose and olive oil, and the influence of water content on lipase production. The experiments were done using the Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) method for 7 days. The results show that optimum lipase production on substrates with additional glucose and olive oil observed on day 4 with lipase activity of 16.296 U/mL and lipase productivity of 150.32 U/g/day. The optimum water content from the results is 50%. The highest lipase activity obtained using the water content is 291.80 U/mL, while the highest lipase productivity is 106.32 U/g/day. The results showed that water content as well as the addition of glucose and olive oil, affects lipase productivity of Aspergillus aculeatus Ms.11 on spent coffee ground. Further studies to optimise the production condition are suggested.

P-EGS10 Clinicopathology of Critically Ill Patient With Coffee Ground Vomitus Undergo Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy

Background The incidence of acute gastrointestinal bleed in Malaysia is approximately 72 per 100000, as the incidence in patients who had mechanical ventilation is 2.6%. Coffee ground vomitus is one of the presentations of upper gastrointestinal bleed, and the decision for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in a critically ill patient with such presentation would be a dilemma as endoscopy might lead to several complications such as endotracheal tube dislodgement, transient bacteremia, cardiopulmonary event, and perforation. We studied the clinicopathology of patients who were referred to our unit with coffee ground vomitus in a critically ill condition, as it would help us further in determining the severity and outcome of the patients. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from 59 patients in the critical unit in Hospital Melaka who were referred to the surgical department for coffee ground vomitus and underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The study was conducted from November 2020 till July 2021. Results The median age of the patient was 73 years old and the mean body mass index was 25.6.. The primary diagnosis of patients in the critical care was Acute Coronary Syndrome 18%, Sepsis 17%, and cerebrovascular accidents 10%. The mean systolic blood pressure was 126 and the mean pulse rate was 94. The mean hemoglobin level upon admission was 10.7 and 9.07 upon referral. Other laboratory parameters that were analyzed were urea, INR, platelet, and lactate. 51% had history of taking antiplatelet or anticoagulants. 92% of patients underwent urgent OGDS (within 24 hours of referral), and 30% of them had findings of high-risk ulcers (Forrest 1b, 2a, and 2b) which need urgent intervention. Conclusions The data from the study would be beneficial in providing evidence for further clinical research in our center on identifying the factors that will predict the outcome of OGDS towards the patient either for endoscopic intervention or diagnostic endoscopy only.

Comparative Analysis of Nanosilver Particles Synthesized by Different Approaches and Their Antimicrobial Efficacy

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were extensively used in different fields worldwide. There is a continued increase in their productions to fulfill various uses. Biological and chemical AgNP syntheses were the most popular mechanisms in this field. Agrowastes are rich in proteins, phenolics, and flavonoids that could act as bioreductant agents in AgNP biological synthesis. The present study was aimed at synthesizing AgNPs via chemical and biological methods using trisodium citrate, pomegranate fruit peel, and coffee ground waste extracts. Moreover, silver nanoparticles were monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and characterized using zeta potential, size distribution mean, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Four pathogenic bacterial strains (Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and MRSA) were used to assess the antimicrobial effect of the synthesized AgNPs (2, 4, and 8 mg/ml). Results report the successful formation of silver nanoparticles chemically (AgNPs_Chem) and biologically by using pomegranate peel extract (AgNPs_PPE) and coffee ground waste extract (AgNPs_CE) due to the change of color to dark brown that is confirmed by UV-vis sharp absorption spectra at specific wavelengths. Characterization using SEM and XRD revealed their crystalline shape with a mean size of AgNPs _ Chem = 62.75 , AgNPs _ CE = 273.7 nm , and AgNPs _ PPE = 591.9 nm . AgNPs_Chem show higher negativity of zeta potential (−46.7 mV) than AgNPs_CE (−12.6 mV), followed by AgNPs_PPE (−7.98 mV), which had the least stability. All the synthesized AgNPs show antimicrobial potential on all selected strains. However, 8 mg/ml shows the most effective concentration and has more efficiency on K. pneumoniae than others. Overall, the results highlight that the use of agrowastes could be an ecofriendly way to synthesize AgNPs biologically that have the same antimicrobial effect as the chemically synthesized AgNPs.