Low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus based on household food blender for continuous biodiesel production for small communities

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil costs and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1200 W high-efficiency food blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62–63 °C, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 × 10–4 g/J (for palm oil) and 19.39 × 10–4 g/J (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household food blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

Saving transportation resources: the experience of railway workers in Western Siberia 1965-1991

The monograph is devoted to the generalization of the factors of railway transportation in Western Siberia and their influence on the formation of the experience of saving transportation resources in 1965-1991. The basic factors are considered such as the natural conditions and the production apparatus of the region, the development of a program-oriented approach to the development of the territory and the formation of the material base of railway transport in its space. These components are considered as historical challenges for the design of labor initiatives "from below". These initiatives are classified into three groups: speeding up the turnover of wagons, using the locomotive fleet, and saving fuel, energy, and other" variable " resources of the railway transportation process. The issues are considered taking into account the trends of fading opportunities for the Soviet model of system-wide development. It will be of interest to all those who are concerned about the history of Russia, the organization of its transport security system.

Low-Cost Alternative Biodiesel Production Apparatus Based on Household Food Blender for Continuous Biodiesel Production for Small Communities

Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil cost and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1,200 W high efficiency fruit blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2,000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62 - 63oC, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for palm oil) and 19.39 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household fruit blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

ORGANIZATION OF FULFILLING THE BUSINESS MODEL TRANSFORMATION PROJECT

The article presents the results of studying the problems of fulfilling a comprehensive project on transforming a defense enterprise business model, mastering modern approaches to build production systems, including the concepts of lean manufacturing, “6 sigma”, CALS technology, and others. The ongoing reduction of the government defense contracts to the level ensuring the planned renewal of the army and navy armament requires an increase in manufacturing civilian products by defense enterprises to load the released capacity. The President of the Russian Federation has set the task of bringing the share of such products to 30% by 2025 and to 50% by 2030. However, the entry of these enterprises into the competitive market is not adequately prepared due to their lack of market competencies, the mastery of which requires significant changes in the organization of production, labor and management, or otherwise - transformation of the business model being implemented. The business model in the study refers to the conditional representation of the enterprise’s business, which allows us to understand the composition and interconnections of its elements, ensuring the creation and delivery of value to the consumer. In turn, the value approach focused on maximum customer satisfaction is contrasted with a conservative product approach to building production systems based on the priority of the capabilities of the existing production apparatus. The application of the modern concepts provisions for production and business modeling made it possible to identify features and to justify organizing the project for transforming the business model of a defense enterprise, mastering modern methods of constructing production systems, the composition and tasks of its participants, as well as the mechanism for consolidating the results of changes in the regulatory and methodological framework enterprises. Thus, based on the recommendations of the study, organizational prerequisites are formed for the successful diversification of defense enterprises, as well as the institutionalization of transformations of the production system in the practice of their work.

Dynamic Models of Research and Manufacturing System Management

dynamic models, research and manufacturing systems, capacity, conveyor systems, uncertainty, marginal profitabilityThe paper considers dynamic models of resource management in manufacturing systems. Such system operating benefits largely depend on the rational use of resources such as the production apparatus, human resources, borrowed and own funds. The importance of scientific and practical problem of management manifests itself in the aspects of management automation based on the development of mathematical models optimizing the activity in accordance with the selected criteria and allowing obtaining well-founded decisions for the use of production and financial resources. The manufac-turing company management system based on the principles of conveyor processing applications is considered (applications in the broad sense are materials, work in progress, data, documents of computing and information centers, etc.). The equations describing the operation of conveyor systems are presented. The methods of resource allocation based on the criterion of maximizing the total volume of processed applications and the criterion of maximizing the marginal income for the policy period are considered. The application frame of these models for interval parameter settings in the conditions of initial data uncertainty with allowance for the attraction of debt financing is investigated. The analysis of stability of solutions is performed by means of economic and mathematical modeling

Digital Film Production Space

This chapter disentangles the deeply ingrained celluloid practices of digital film production. Through the examination of embodied practices, onset processes and protocols, including considerations of filmmaking iconography in hardware design, software and interface aesthetics. The origins of the often perplexing film and celluloid skeuomorphs are also traced. The chapter considers the reasons for the persistence of these practices which conversely seek to simultaneously erase the analogue whilst at the same time mask the use of the digital medium. In its close textual examination of Digital Film Production Space, the chapter includes detailed considerations of the attendant ‘production apparatus’ of Ginger & Rosa (which is the same apparatus used by the film industry in a diversity of national contexts) and the manifestation of the film in digital and virtual representations – proposing a ‘Production Aesthetic’ which visually characterizes the making of the film. The chapter includes a consideration of ‘celluloid pedagogies’, and how the various practitioners on Ginger & Rosa learned their crafts, and how they describe them through material practices and tactile experience.

The Extra-normal Voice

This chapter presents an overview of new developments in vocal exploration. Beginning with a discussion of multiple parameters involved in voice production, this chapter identifies the crucial role that non-linear phenomena has in the performance of the extra-normal voice. In this article, two related taxonomies are presented (source production related to degree of voicing; emphases within the acoustic framework of power, source, resonance, and articulation) that may be used as powerful generative tools for the production of multiple sound sources, filtering processes, and aerodynamic effects, etc. The paper then posits how scaled, multidimensional networks may be used to intelligently explore all elements of the acoustic sound production apparatus and not solely articulation, as is seen with some proponents of complex networks. In this discussion, it will be presented how fully scaling each parameter space will encompass far reaching benefits by engaging with little traversed regions of the total vocal topography.

Art des langues et art du rythme : Pour un enseignement physique et musical des langues vivantes

Parfois, l’enseignement des langues semble oublier que les langues sont vivantes et qu’elles obéissent à des rythmes précis. Avant que d’être écrites, les langues sont parlées et impliquent plusieurs éléments physiques : cordes vocales, appareil phonatoire, muscles, mais également le corps entier pour les dimensions paraverbales et non verbales (Cosnier & Brossard, 1984). La question qui se pose dès lors est « comment favoriser l’articulation des dimensions verbale, paraverbale et non-verbale chez l’apprenant d’une langue seconde ou étrangère ? » Pour ce, il convient d’apporter une attention particulière au contexte systémique d’émergence des langues et de leurs rapports écologique et social au monde (Mühlhäusler, 2003). Nous inspirant des pratiques théâtrales (Tabensky, 1997), nous proposons ici une vision intégrative de l’enseignement des langues vivantes basée sur la musicalité de la parole, les gestes, la posture et les actions langagières afin de porter l’accent sur la dimension communicative (Meunier, 2003) et émotionnelle (Frijda, 2003) inhérente aux langues vivantes. Language, Rhythm and Art: Towards a Physical and Musical Approach to Language Teaching Language teaching sometimes sets aside the fact that languages are living entities, submitted to precise rhythms. Since languages are alive, they are spoken before being written and rely on physical elements: vocal cords, sound production apparatus, muscles and also the entire body, in the case of paraverbal and nonverbal dimensions (Cosnier & Brossard, 1984). The question that now arises is that of the articulation of the verbal, paraverbal and non-verbal dimensions for the second or foreign language learner. In order to do so, it is necessary to take the systemic context of emergence of languages and their ecological and social relations to the world (Mühlhäusler, 2003) into consideration. Drawing on theatre practices (Tabensky, 1997), we thus wish to submit a comprehensive perspective of language teaching based on the musicality of speech, gestures, postures and speech acts in order to underline the communicative (Meunier, 2003) and emotional (Frijda, 2003) dimensions of languages.