scholarly journals Records of chromatic disorder in Molossus molossus and Sturnira bakeri (Chiroptera) from western Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. e18469
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Salas ◽  
Lissette Torres ◽  
Karina Marcillo ◽  
Marcia Méndez
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Molossus Molossus ◽  
Gravid Females

Herein we report cases of leucism in Molossus molossus and Sturnira bakeri from three locations of lowlands of western Ecuador, which include three gravid females, five juvenile, four subadult, and six adults. The M. molossus specimens showed white spots on several parts in the soft part of body (ears, tragus, propatagium, uropatagium), and fur (throat, abdomen), while individual of S. bakeri presented a whitish-yellowish patch on its dorsal region, very contrast in yellow-shoulder bats. Although South America has a significant information gap about chromatic disorders in bats, been necessary to continue reporting cases of chromatic disorders to try to determine their causes.

Eliminating white spots

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (37) ◽  
pp. 62-104
Author(s):  
Lana Moraes ◽  
Carlos Carvalho ◽  
Manoel Rendeiro ◽  
Tiago Gil
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Critical Cartography ◽  
Visual Vocabulary ◽  
Digital Cartography ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Relative Selectivity

This article reflects on the construction of Curt Nimuendajú's “Ethno-historical map”, an exhaustive work that sought to map the native groups of South America. This map was one of the most widely-used representations by researchers since its creation in 1944. The theoretical framework adopted in this paper stresses maps as rhetorical constructs that should be read as texts. The article also discusses the limits and possibilities of a visual vocabulary to understand explicit and implicit theoretical and methodological decisions in cartography. Digital cartography will be employed to bring out the differences between what the author of the project intended and what was presented in the "Ethno-historical map".  The text starts with a description of the work and its most evident options, showing a relative selectivity in Nimuendajú's choices. In the last part, technical procedures will be abandoned to interpret the results considering the new critical cartography and ethno-geography positions.

scholarly journals Distribution and new records of the River Tyrannulet, Serpophaga hypoleuca P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1866 (Passeriformes, Tyrannidae) in Colombia

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1465-1468
Author(s):  
Wilmer A. Ramírez Riaño ◽  
Diana Alexandra Lucena-G. ◽  
Juan Pablo Gómez ◽  
Sergio Chaparro-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Records ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Large River ◽  
River Islands ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Northern South America

Serpophaga hypoleuca P.L. Sclater & Salvin, 1866, is a bird species distributed in northern South America, where it mainly inhabits shrubs on river islands and occasionally large river shores. Its distribution is not well known in Colombia where current records show the species present south of the Amazonas department and locally in Arauca and Vichada. We present a new locality in Colombia along the Guaviare River, in San José del Guaviare, which expands the known distribution of this species in Colombia, filling an information gap for the Guaviare region.

scholarly journals Imprecise descriptions of Passiflora riparia Martius ex Masters led to redundant descriptions as P. emiliae Sacco, P. crenata Feuillet & Cremers, P. pergrandis Holm-Nielsen & Lawesson and P. fernandezii Escobar

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Maxime Rome ◽  
Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Marked Preference ◽  
Riparian Habitats

Passiflorariparia was incompletely described by Masters, who cited specimens of Martius and Spruce. While Spruce 2191, the unique syntype with an observable corona, exhibits a reduced outermost series of filaments, the accompanying iconography represents two equal outer series. Later descriptions have neither added significant information nor corrected the inconsistency in the corona description, so that four closely related species have been distinguished on the basis of traits not properly documented for P.riparia: P.emiliae (unequal outer series of filaments), P.crenata (bract color), P.pergrandis (flower size and sepal awn length), and P.fernandezii (hypanthium pubescence and shape). The present study compares (i) the descriptions of the above-mentioned taxa and (ii) 43 associated vouchers, as well as live specimens from two associated P.crenata populations. These and other specimens were georeferenced for a comparison of their distribution and habitat. Of the five P.riparia descriptions found in floras, only that of the Flora of Ecuador appears clearly divergent, corresponding in fact to P.tolimana. Those of the four other taxa only differ by unequal corona filaments (except for P.crenata) and the pubescence of floral parts. However, 22 vouchers associated with all these descriptions (including 16 for P.riparia), as well as the live specimens, share both these traits; the other 21 vouchers were uninformative and/or could not be assigned to any of the five species. The wider sample of 62 specimens indicates no significant differences in either geographic or in climatic distribution (lowlands of the Amazon basin), and a marked preference for riparian habitats. Thus, their very close morphology and ecology justify the placement of P.emiliae, P.crenata, P.pergrandis and P.fernandezii as synonyms of P.riparia, designating Spruce 2191 as epitype. The most similar species, P.ambigua (20 specimens mapped), differs in corolla and bract color, as well as a distribution centered along the tropical Andes of South America and in Central America, in more diverse habitats.

On Argentocypris sara gen. nov., sp. nov. (Ostracoda) from the Patagonian wetlands of Argentina

Crustaceana ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analia R. Díaz ◽  
Koen Martens
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Soft Part ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Length Ratio ◽  
Cylindrical Shape ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Caudal Ramus ◽  
Adult Morphology

We describe Argentocypris sara, a new genus and species from a Patagonian lake in the province of Neuquén, Argentina. The genus and species clearly belong to the tribe Eucypridini, and as such have a rather isolated biogeographical position in South America. The genus can be distinguished from other Eucypridini based on both valve (large external Porenwarzen, anterior selvage and posterior inner list on RV) and soft part features (cylindrical shape of second distal segment of Mx1-palp, length ratio setae d1 = c 3 × d2 on T2, curved attachment of caudal ramus). A study of the literature reveals that several other nominal species can be transferred to this genus. Nevertheless, at least two of these species (A. virgata n. comb. and A. labyrinthica n. comb.) are based on juvenile fossil specimens only and their identity is uncertain. Two other species (A. fontana n. comb. and A. sarsi n. comb.) are based on adult morphology.

scholarly journals The loricariid catfish genus Lasiancistrus (Siluriformes) with descriptions of two new species

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan W. Armbruster
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Patch ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
White Spots ◽  
Male Condition ◽  
Two New Species

Lasiancistrus (Loricariidae: Hypostominae: Ancistrini) is diagnosed by the unique presence of a ventral strut of the pterotic and the presence of whiskerlike odontodes on the snout. Lasiancistrus has about 16 species assigned to it; however, only four are valid (L. schomburgkii, L. caucanus, L. guacharote, and L. heteracanthus), L. nationi is an Ancistrus, and L. trinitatus is incertae sedis in the Loricariidae. Lasiancistrus maracaiboensis and L. mystacinus are synonyms of L. guacharote; L. pictus, L. castelnaui, L. caquetae, L. guapore, L. multispinis, and L. scolymus are synonyms of L. schomburgkii; and L. planiceps, L. mayoloi, and L. volcanensis are synonyms of L. caucanus. Two new species are described: L. tentaculatus from the río Orinoco basin and L. saetiger from the rio Guama. The species can largely be told apart via color (L. schomburgkii has no or white spots on the fins, L. saetiger has entirely gray fins, and the rest have black spots in the fins), the presence of abdominal plates (L. caucanus, L. saetiger, and L. tentaculatus have naked abdomens, L. guacharote has a few small plates near the insertion of the pectoral fin, L. heteracanthus has a large patch of small plates, and L. schomburgkii is variable), and nuptial male condition (L. tentaculatus has small tentacles along the edge of the snout and the other species have a patch of whisker-like odontodes at the corners of the snout). Most species are widespread in piedmont regions of South America with L. schomburgkii occurring in the Amazon, Orinoco, and Essequibo basins.

scholarly journals Sustainable use and preservation of biological resources

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Ipek Kurtböke ◽  
Wieland Meyer ◽  
Lindsay Sly
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Microbial Resources ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
National Economies

Microorganisms, microbially derived biotechnological applications and as causative agents of human, animal and plant disease are becoming increasingly significant in national economies. However, there remains a significant information gap on their species, ecological and genetic diversity. Despite the recognition of their commercial value still little is known about their functional roles in sustaining global ‘life support systems’, such as in agriculture, forest, coastal and freshwater ecosystems as well as their detrimental roles in the environment. As a result, sustainable use, preservation of microbial resources and effective strategies to combat infections are of immense importance to mankind. Culture collections are thus the cornerstones of biotechnology, sustainable futures and infection control.

Practical Realization of a Reference System for Earth Dynamics by Satellite Methods

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 341-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Anderle ◽  
M. C. Tanenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
Pole Position ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Crustal Motion ◽  
Average Reference ◽  
Future Data ◽  
Existing Data

AbstractObservations of artificial earth satellites provide a means of establishing an.origin, orientation, scale and control points for a coordinate system. Neither existing data nor future data are likely to provide significant information on the .001 angle between the axis of angular momentum and axis of rotation. Existing data have provided data to about .01 accuracy on the pole position and to possibly a meter on the origin of the system and for control points. The longitude origin is essentially arbitrary. While these accuracies permit acquisition of useful data on tides and polar motion through dynamio analyses, they are inadequate for determination of crustal motion or significant improvement in polar motion. The limitations arise from gravity, drag and radiation forces on the satellites as well as from instrument errors. Improvements in laser equipment and the launch of the dense LAGEOS satellite in an orbit high enough to suppress significant gravity and drag errors will permit determination of crustal motion and more accurate, higher frequency, polar motion. However, the reference frame for the results is likely to be an average reference frame defined by the observing stations, resulting in significant corrections to be determined for effects of changes in station configuration and data losses.

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