scholarly journals Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Pathophysiology and Prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Csapo ◽  
Liviu Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Along with the remarkable progress registered in oncological treatment  that led to increased survival of cancer patients, treatment-related comorbidities have also become an issue for these long-term survivors. Of particular interest is the development of cardiotoxic events, which, even when asymptomatic, not only have a negative impact on the patient`s cardiac prognosis, but also considerably restrict therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of cytostatic-induced cardiotoxicity implies a series of complex and intricate mechanisms, whose understanding enables the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Securing cardiac function is an ongoing challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and the physicians who have to deal currently with these adverse reactions. This review focuses on the main mechanism of cardiac toxicity induced by anticancer drugs and especially on the current strategies applied for preventing and minimizing the cardiac side effects.

scholarly journals Cardiooncology—dealing with modern drug treatment, long-term complications, and cancer survivorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Wall ◽  
Johann Bauersachs ◽  
Dominik Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Modern Drug

AbstractModern treatment strategies have improved prognosis and survival of patients with malignant diseases. The key components of tumor treatment are conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cardiovascular side-effects may occur in the early phase of tumor therapy or even decades later. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of acute and long-lasting cardiac side effects of anti-cancer therapies are essential. Cardiotoxicity impairs quality of life and overall survival. The new cardiologic subspecialty ‘cardio-oncology’ deals with the different cardiovascular problems arising from tumor treatment and the relationship between cancer and heart diseases. Early detection and treatment of cardiotoxicity is of crucial importance. A detailed cardiac assessment of patients prior to administration of cardiotoxic agents, during and after treatment should be performed in all patients. The current review focusses on acute and long-term cardiotoxic side effects of classical cytotoxic and selected modern drug treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses strategies for the diagnosis of treatment-related adverse cardiovascular effects in cancer patients.

Amiodarone neurotoxicity: the other side of the medal

Open Medicine ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliana Galassi ◽  
Eleni Georgoulopoulou ◽  
Alessandra Ariatti
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
P100 Latency ◽  
Sensorimotor Polyneuropathy ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Laboratory Examinations ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractThe efficacy of amiodarone is tempered by its toxicity, with 50% of long-term users discontinuing the drug. The non-cardiac side effects of amiodarone may involve central and peripheral nervous system. We studied two patients treated with amiodarone for 46 and 15 months respectively. Both patients exhibited progressive distal extremity weakness, impaired perception, loss of deep reflexes. Electrophysiology identified a widespread, sensorimotor polyneuropathy with features of axonal loss and demyelination. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) showed prolonged P100 latency bilaterally in absence of visual symptoms or brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. Extensive laboratory examinations excluded known causes of peripheral neuropathies. At 21 months after amiodarone withdrawal, P100 latency of case 1 VEPs returned to normal, whereas polyneuropathy continued to progress. In the second patient neuropathy has worsened similarly over 2 years whereas P100 latency of VEPs recovered to normal within 7 months after withdrawal of amiodarone. These findings may suggest different mechanisms of toxicity, which could be due to amiodarone pharmacokinetic and its metabolite effects on the peripheral nerves, as opposed to the optic nerve. We emphasize that use of amiodarone needs monitoring of patients at risk of development side effects.

scholarly journals Getting to the Heart of the Matter: An Overview of Cardiac Toxicity Related to Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. CMC.S19704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine E. Hamo ◽  
Michelle Weisfelner Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects

With the improvement in cancer survival, long-term cardiotoxicity has become an area of increased interest. Various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy can lead to cardiac toxicities with both acute and chronic manifestations. Awareness and early recognition can lead to improvement in cardiac survival and patient outcomes. The focus of this review is to summarize the cancer therapy agents most often associated with cardiovascular side effects, highlighting their mechanism of action and strategies for surveillance and prevention.

scholarly journals Late vertebral side effects in long-term survivors of irradiated childhood brain tumor

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e0209193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miro-Pekka Jussila ◽  
Tiina Remes ◽  
Julia Anttonen ◽  
Arja Harila-Saari ◽  
Jaakko Niinimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Childhood Brain Tumor ◽  
Long Term Survivors

scholarly journals 393 Long-term neurological side effects in long-term survivors with ovarian cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N El Ouardi ◽  
H Woopen ◽  
P Huehnchen ◽  
W Boehmerle ◽  
C Leithner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Long Term Survivors

scholarly journals Serum level of salusin β as an indicator of metabolic disorders in  Acute Lymphoblastic Leucaemia and Wilms Tumour survivors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Janecka ◽  
Joanna Stefanowicz ◽  
Anna Owczarzak ◽  
Malgorzata Rapala ◽  
Elżbieta Adamkiewicz-Drożyńska
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Wilms Tumour ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Oncological Treatment

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of long-term side effects of the childhood cancers treatment. Salusin β is an indicator of developing atherosclerosis. Aim To assess the prevalence of established risk factors for CVD and the assessment of new indicator for CVD risk - salusin β in long-term acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALLs) and Wilms tumour (WTs) survivors. Methods 37 ALLs and 11 WTs at least 5 years after the end of oncological treatment undergone physical examination and laboratory tests after an overnight fast. Laboratory tests included lipid profile, serum level of glucose, renal parameters and salusin β. Results The both groups didn’t vary in age, time from the end of the treatment, number of obese persons, BP, lipid profile, serum creatinine and glucose level. ALLs had higher weight and greater waist circumference. Serum cystatin was higher and cystatin-based eGFR lower among WTs. Salusin β was higher in group WTs, but the result was not statistically significant. Conclusions ALLs and WTs differ in types of long-term side effects. ALLs present rather metabolic problems, WTs - lower eGFR. Salusin β seems to implicate development of hypertension rather than metabolic disorders like obesity. Further investigations are necessary to confirm this statement.

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