scholarly journals Getting to the Heart of the Matter: An Overview of Cardiac Toxicity Related to Cancer Therapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 9s2 ◽  
pp. CMC.S19704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine E. Hamo ◽  
Michelle Weisfelner Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects

With the improvement in cancer survival, long-term cardiotoxicity has become an area of increased interest. Various cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy can lead to cardiac toxicities with both acute and chronic manifestations. Awareness and early recognition can lead to improvement in cardiac survival and patient outcomes. The focus of this review is to summarize the cancer therapy agents most often associated with cardiovascular side effects, highlighting their mechanism of action and strategies for surveillance and prevention.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal side effects of cancer treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 204062232097035
Author(s):  
Mary O’Reilly ◽  
Gregory Mellotte ◽  
Barbara Ryan ◽  
Anthony O’Connor
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Gastrointestinal Side Effects

Cancer survival rates have significantly improved over the last number of years due to advancements in cancer therapies. Unfortunately this has come at a cost. Therapeutic side effects are feared complications of therapy that may result in decreased quality of life and early cessation of the therapy, which can have knock-on effects on outcomes. This article outlines the main gastrointestinal side effects seen with radiation therapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and discusses appropriate investigation and management.

Nanoparticle-based Drug Delivery Systems for Targeted Epigenetics Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1084-1098
Author(s):  
Fengqian Chen ◽  
Yunzhen Shi ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
Qi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Epigenetic Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
High Therapeutic Index

This review summarizes the epigenetic mechanisms of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation, histone modifications in cancer and the epigenetic modifications in cancer therapy. Due to their undesired side effects, the use of epigenetic drugs as chemo-drugs in cancer therapies is limited. The drug delivery system opens a door for minimizing these side effects and achieving greater therapeutic benefits. The limitations of current epigenetic therapies in clinical cancer treatment and the advantages of using drug delivery systems for epigenetic agents are also discussed. Combining drug delivery systems with epigenetic therapy is a promising approach to reaching a high therapeutic index and minimizing the side effects.

scholarly journals Cardiooncology—dealing with modern drug treatment, long-term complications, and cancer survivorship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia de Wall ◽  
Johann Bauersachs ◽  
Dominik Berliner
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Side Effects ◽  
Modern Drug

AbstractModern treatment strategies have improved prognosis and survival of patients with malignant diseases. The key components of tumor treatment are conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy. Cardiovascular side-effects may occur in the early phase of tumor therapy or even decades later. Therefore, knowledge and awareness of acute and long-lasting cardiac side effects of anti-cancer therapies are essential. Cardiotoxicity impairs quality of life and overall survival. The new cardiologic subspecialty ‘cardio-oncology’ deals with the different cardiovascular problems arising from tumor treatment and the relationship between cancer and heart diseases. Early detection and treatment of cardiotoxicity is of crucial importance. A detailed cardiac assessment of patients prior to administration of cardiotoxic agents, during and after treatment should be performed in all patients. The current review focusses on acute and long-term cardiotoxic side effects of classical cytotoxic and selected modern drug treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and discusses strategies for the diagnosis of treatment-related adverse cardiovascular effects in cancer patients.

Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction: is endothelial dysfunction at the heart of the matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (12) ◽  
pp. 1487-1503
Author(s):  
Crizza Ching ◽  
Dakota Gustafson ◽  
Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan ◽  
Jason E. Fish
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cardiac Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Significant improvements in cancer survival have brought to light unintended long-term adverse cardiovascular effects associated with cancer treatment. Although capable of manifesting a broad range of cardiovascular complications, cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) remains particularly common among the mainstay anthracycline-based and human epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted therapies. Unfortunately, the early asymptomatic stages of CTRCD are difficult to detect by cardiac imaging alone, and the initiating mechanisms remain incompletely understood. More recently, circulating inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been considered as early markers of cardiovascular injury. Concomitantly, the role of the endothelium in regulating cardiac function in the context of CTRCD is starting to be understood. In this review, we highlight the impact of breast cancer therapies on the cardiovascular system with a focus on the endothelium, and examine the status of circulating biomarkers, including inflammatory markers, cardiac biomarkers, microRNAs, and endothelial cell-derived EVs. Investigation of these emerging biomarkers may uncover mechanisms of injury, detect early stages of cardiovascular damage, and elucidate novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Development of Natural Product-Conjugated Metal Complexes as Cancer Therapies

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dik-Lung Ma ◽  
Chun Wu ◽  
Sha-Sha Cheng ◽  
Fu-Wa Lee ◽  
Quan-Bin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Natural Product ◽  
Cancer Care ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Therapy Development ◽  
Enhanced Selectivity

Platinum-based drugs have revolutionized cancer care, but are unfortunately associated with various adverse effects. Meanwhile, natural product scaffolds exhibit multifarious bioactivities and serve as an attractive resource for cancer therapy development. Thus, the conjugation of natural product scaffolds to metal complexes becomes an attractive strategy to reduce the severe side effects arising from the use of metal bearing drugs. This review aims to highlight the recent examples of natural product-conjugated metal complexes as cancer therapies with enhanced selectivity and efficacy. We discuss the mechanisms and features of different conjugate complexes and present an outlook and perspective for the future of this field.

Long-term effects of cancer therapy on dental development: a case report

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sedat Cetiner ◽  
Cansu Alpaslan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Dental Development ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Antineoplastic Treatment ◽  
Malignant Condition

As the prognosis of malignant conditions in children improve by cancer therapy, long-term side effects due to antineoplastic treatment may be encountered. This case report demonstrates the long-term alterations on dental development in patient who had been treated for malignant condition. Alterations were observed during radiographic control 8 years after the therapy and included short, blunted, tapered and V-shaped root malformations as well as delayed and ectopic eruptions.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Pathophysiology and Prevention

2014 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Csapo ◽  
Liviu Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Cardiac Toxicity ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Cardiac Side Effects ◽  
Long Term Survivors ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Along with the remarkable progress registered in oncological treatment  that led to increased survival of cancer patients, treatment-related comorbidities have also become an issue for these long-term survivors. Of particular interest is the development of cardiotoxic events, which, even when asymptomatic, not only have a negative impact on the patient`s cardiac prognosis, but also considerably restrict therapeutic opportunities. The pathophysiology of cytostatic-induced cardiotoxicity implies a series of complex and intricate mechanisms, whose understanding enables the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. Securing cardiac function is an ongoing challenge for the pharmaceutical industry and the physicians who have to deal currently with these adverse reactions. This review focuses on the main mechanism of cardiac toxicity induced by anticancer drugs and especially on the current strategies applied for preventing and minimizing the cardiac side effects.

The long-term side effects of radiation therapy for benign brain tumors in adults

1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Al-Mefty ◽  
Jane E. Kersh ◽  
Anupam Routh ◽  
Robert R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Intracranial Tumors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Radiation therapy plays an integral part in managing intracranial tumors. While the risk:benefit ratio is considered acceptable for treating malignant tumors, risks of long-term complications of radiotherapy need thorough assessment in adults treated for benign tumors. Many previously reported delayed complications of radiotherapy can be attributed to inappropriate treatment or to the sensitivity of a developing child's brain to radiation. Medical records, radiological studies, autopsy findings, and follow-up information were reviewed for 58 adult patients (31 men and 27 women) treated between 1958 and 1987 with radiotherapy for benign intracranial tumors. Patient ages at the time of irradiation ranged from 21 to 87 years (mean 47.7 years). The pathology included 46 pituitary adenomas, five meningiomas, four glomus jugulare tumors, two pineal area tumors, and one craniopharyngioma. Average radiation dosage was 4984 cGy (range 3100 to 7012 cGy), given in an average of 27.2 fractions (range 15 to 45 fractions), over a period averaging 46.6 days. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 31 years (mean 8.1 years). Findings related to tumor recurrence or surgery were excluded. Twenty-two patients had complications considered to be delayed side effects of radiotherapy. Two patients had visual deterioration developing 3 and 6 years after treatment; six had pituitary dysfunction; and 17 had varying degrees of parenchymal changes of the brain, occurring mostly in the temporal lobes and relating to the frequent presentation of pituitary tumors (two of these also had pituitary dysfunction). One clival tumor, with the radiographic appearance of a meningioma, developed 30 years post-irradiation for acromegaly. This study unveils considerable delayed sequelae of radiotherapy in a series of adult patients receiving what is considered “safe” treatment for benign brain tumors.

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