scholarly journals Mechanisms and Methods for Placing New Psychoactive Substances under Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Algimantas Čepas ◽  
Radosav Risimović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Legislative Changes

 The article deals with the international and national mechanisms used to place new psychoactive substances under control. The authors provide an overview of the systems in use in the United Nations and the European Union, as well as in many European and other states, to criminalize newly emerging psychoactive substances, as well as propose certain legislative changes that could be adapted in the European Union to make the procedures of criminalization more straightforward. The article also provides for an overview and analysis of legal formulations used to define new psychoactive substances in different European and other states: list approach, generic scheduling, blanket bans, regulation through the laws on consumer protection and health protection, establishing legal markets for new psychoactive substances.

Instrumenty polityki równości płci w kontekście sytuacji w Polsce

2016 ◽  
pp. 88-109
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Domagała
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Equal Opportunities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Nations

The article undertakes the issue of gender equality policies in the context of its indicators. The main purpose of the paper is to identify the areas of gender inequality, its scale and determinants. Firstly, the article presents the legislation of gender equality policies – its main objectives. Next, the paper discusses indicators that were implemented by organisations such as the Organisation of the United Nations and the European Union. These selected indicators are presented, taking into account the situation in Poland. In conclusion, the paper highlights the main obstacles to the pursuit of equal opportunities for women and men in Poland.

scholarly journals States, firms, and security: How private actors implement sanctions, lessons learned from the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Francesco Giumelli ◽  
Michal Onderco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
The United States ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Private Actors

Abstract While the current practice of the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the United States leans towards imposing only targeted sanctions in most of the cases, private actors often complain about inability to process financial transactions, ship goods, or deliver services in countries where sanctions targets are located. The impact of sanctions often ends up being widespread and indiscriminate because sanctions are implemented by for-profit actors. This article investigates how for-profit actors relate to the imposition of sanctions, how they reflect them in their decisions, and how they interact with the public authorities. The findings of our research show that for-profit actors, with the possible exception of the largest multinationals, do not engage with public authorities before the imposition of sanctions. The behaviour of for-profit actors in the implementation phase is in line with the assumption of firms and business as profit-maximisers. Weighting the profits from business against the costs of (non-)compliance and make the decisions that in their view maximise their profit. Indeed, de-risking seems to be the most common approach by the companies due to the uncertainties produced by the multiple and overlapping sanctions regimes imposed by the United Nations, the European Union, and the United States.

Jungtinių Tautų ir Europos Sąjungos tikslinės finansinės ribojamosios priemonės: poreikis užtikrinti teisę į teisingą procesą

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Viltė Kristina Steponėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Targeted financial restrictive measures of the United Nations and the European Union: necessity to ensure the right to a fair trial

Pan-European Survey and Database of Environmental Assessment Factors

2013 ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Julie A. Ewald ◽  
Robin J.A. Sharp ◽  
Pedro Beja ◽  
Robert Kenward
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Survey Methodology ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Survey ◽  
The United Nations

In order to design TESS, it was necessary to determine how and what information is utilized across Europe when decisions affecting the environment are made at present, and which systems now in place appear to be working in terms of environmental protection and conservation. The authors used a Pan-European survey to determine not only which systems are currently in place but also what further information is needed by national and local governments as well as stakeholders. Results from this survey, together with published information from previous projects, the European Union and the United Nations, were collated into a database for further analysis. Here, the authors describe both the Pan-European survey methodology and also the database.

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