CHAPTER 7. Responding to New Psychoactive Substances in the European Union: Early Warning, Risk Assessment and Control Measures

2018 ◽  
pp. 114-137
Author(s):  
M. Evans-Brown ◽  
A. Almeida ◽  
A. Gallegos ◽  
R. Christie ◽  
R. Jorge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Methods for Placing New Psychoactive Substances under Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-55
Author(s):  
Algimantas Čepas ◽  
Radosav Risimović
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
New Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Legislative Changes

 The article deals with the international and national mechanisms used to place new psychoactive substances under control. The authors provide an overview of the systems in use in the United Nations and the European Union, as well as in many European and other states, to criminalize newly emerging psychoactive substances, as well as propose certain legislative changes that could be adapted in the European Union to make the procedures of criminalization more straightforward. The article also provides for an overview and analysis of legal formulations used to define new psychoactive substances in different European and other states: list approach, generic scheduling, blanket bans, regulation through the laws on consumer protection and health protection, establishing legal markets for new psychoactive substances.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Legal Measures Concerning Risk Assessment and Control for High-Speed Rail: Experience and Lessons from the European Union

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Kai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
European Union ◽  
Legal System ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The European Union ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
And Control

In a context of the emerging risks that may lead to the high speed rail accidents and so the deaths, the question is to know what the roles of different actors prescribed in the legal system and what instruments have been established, and whether the legal framework is sufficient to promote risk assessment. This research studied the European Union legal system and pointed out its experience that could be enlighting as well as its weaknesses.  

scholarly journals Tuberculosis control in big cities and urban risk groups in the European Union: a consensus statement

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
N A van Hest ◽  
R W Aldridge ◽  
G de Vries ◽  
A Sandgren ◽  
B Hauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
Urban Risk ◽  
And Control

In low-incidence countries in the European Union (EU), tuberculosis (TB) is concentrated in big cities, especially among certain urban high-risk groups including immigrants from TB high-incidence countries, homeless people, and those with a history of drug and alcohol misuse. Elimination of TB in European big cities requires control measures focused on multiple layers of the urban population. The particular complexities of major EU metropolises, for example high population density and social structure, create specific opportunities for transmission, but also enable targeted TB control interventions, not efficient in the general population, to be effective or cost effective. Lessons can be learnt from across the EU and this consensus statement on TB control in big cities and urban risk groups was prepared by a working group representing various EU big cities, brought together on the initiative of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. The consensus statement describes general and specific social, educational, operational, organisational, legal and monitoring TB control interventions in EU big cities, as well as providing recommendations for big city TB control, based upon a conceptual TB transmission and control model.

Communicable and Other Infectious Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Frischhut
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ethical Perspective ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
And Control

This chapter discusses the most important features of EU law on infectious diseases. Communicable diseases not only cross borders, they also often require measures that cross different areas of policy because of different vectors for disease transmission. The relevant EU law cannot be attributed to one sectoral policy only, and thus various EU agencies participate in protecting public health. The key agency is the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Other important agencies include the European Environment Agency; European Food Safety Authority; and the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency. However, while integration at the EU level has facilitated protection of the public's health, it also has created potential conflicts among the different objectives of the European Union. The internal market promotes the free movement of products, but public health measures can require restrictions of trade. Other conflicts can arise if protective public health measures conflict with individual human rights. The chapter then considers risk assessment and the different tools of risk management used in dealing with the challenges of infectious diseases. It also turns to the external and ethical perspective and the role the European Union takes in global health.

State regulation of the social work profession: an example from Poland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimiera Wódz ◽  
Krystyna Faliszek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
And Control

This chapter examines how regulation from the state can shape conditions and practices for welfare professions. New members of the European Union, such as Poland, often lack a tradition of social work as an integral part of the welfare state. Challenges for these countries are both to educate social workers and to create legislative solutions stipulating the responsibilities and professional jurisdiction of the social work profession. In the chapter, it is argued that strong regulation and control from the Polish government has resulted in the standardisation of social work. This has curtailed professional autonomy in a manner that is unfavourable to social workers as well as to clients.

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