scholarly journals RIZIKINGŲ SPRENDIMŲ PRIĖMIMO IR SITUACIJOS POBŪDŽIO SĄSAJOS

Psichologija ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Auksė Endriulaitienė ◽  
Vaclovas Martišius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risk Area ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risky Decisions

Šiuolaikinė socialinė teorija nurodo, kad vystosi vadinamoji rizikos visuomenė, todėl problemos, susijusios su rizikingų sprendimų priėmimu, tampa vis aktualesnės. Didžiausia yra konteksto veiksnių priimant rizikingus sprendimus srities (pvz., problemos formulavimo, užduoties sudėtingumo ir kt.) tyrimų įvairovė. Tačiau neaišku, ar problemos turinys turi įtakos polinkiui priimti rizikingus sprendimus. Šio darbo tikslas buvo patikrinti hipotezę, ar žmonės labiau linkę priimti rizikingus sveikatos ir piniginės nei socialinės ir etinės rizikos sričių sprendimus. Tyrime dalyvavo 602 respondentai; jie pildė Kogano ir Wallacho (1964, 1967) pasiūlytą Pasirinkimo dilemų klausimyną. Pagal metodiką reikėjo pasirinkti priimtiną rizikingo sprendimo tikimybę iš dvylikos situacijų (piniginės, sveikatos, socialinės ir etinės rizikos sričių). Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad žmonės priima rizikingiausius sveikatos rizikos ir saugiausius etinės rizikos sričių sprendimus. Tačiau rizikingų sprendimų priėmimo ir rizikos srities, situacijos pobūdžio ryšys gali kisti dėl individualių veiksnių (pvz., lyties, amžiaus). THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RISKY DECISION MAKING AND SITUATIONAL FACTORS Auksė Endriulaitienė, Vaclovas Martišius SummaryRecent social theory proposes the idea that the risk society is developing, so the problems of risky decision making are more and more urgent. There are a lot of investigations in the field of situational correlates of risky decision making (e. g., problem framing, task difficulty, etc.). But there is not clear if the problem content has the impact upon the propensity to make risky decisions. The goal of this work was to test hypothesis that people are more prone to risky decision making in health and monetary risk area than in social and ethical risk area. Participants were 602 subjects (age 18-60; 262 students and 340 workers). They completed Kogan and Wallach's (1964, 1967) Choice Dilemma Questionnaire (CDQ), where they had to choose the appropriate for them probability for risky decision in twelve situations (from monetary, health, social and ethical risk areas). The results showed that people make the most risky decisions in health risk area and the safest decisions in ethical risk area. But the relationship between risk area and risky decision making may be mediated by individual factors (e. g., gender and age).

scholarly journals When imitating successful others fails: Accidentally successful exemplars inspire risky decisions and can hamper performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-956
Author(s):  
Wijnand AP van Tilburg ◽  
Nikhila Mahadevan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Regression To The Mean ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
The Impact

We examined the impact of viewing exemplars on people’s behaviour in risky decision-making environments. Specifically, we tested if people disproportionally choose to view and then imitate the behaviour of successful (vs. unsuccessful) others, which in the case of risky decision-making increases risk-taking and can hamper performance. In doing so, our research tested how a fundamental social psychological process (social influence) interacts with a fundamental statistical phenomenon (regression to the mean) to produce biases in decision-making. Experiment 1 ( N = 96) showed that people indeed model their own behaviour after that of a successful exemplar, resulting in more risky behaviour and poorer outcomes. Experiment 2 ( N = 208) indicated that people disproportionately choose to examine and then imitate most successful versus least successful exemplars. Experiment 3 ( N = 381) replicated Experiment 2 in a context where participants were offered the freedom to examine any possible exemplar, or no exemplar whatsoever, and across different incentive conditions. The results have implications for decision-making in a broad range of social contexts, such as education, health, and finances where risk-taking can have detrimental outcomes, and they may be particularly helpful to understand the role of social influence in gambling behaviour.

scholarly journals Impact of Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor Modulation on Risky Decision-Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Freels ◽  
Anna E. Liley ◽  
Daniel B. K. Gabriel ◽  
Nicholas W. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Cannabinoid Type 1 Receptor ◽  
Receptor Modulation ◽  
Choice Latency ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTRecent changes in policy regarding cannabis in the U.S. have been accompanied by an increase in the prevalence of cannabis use and a reduction in the perceived harms associated with consumption. However, little is understood regarding the effects of cannabinoids on cognitive processes. Given that deficient risk-taking is commonly observed in individuals suffering from substance use disorders (SUDs), we assessed the impact of manipulating cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1Rs; the primary target for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in the brain) on punishment-based risk-taking using the risky decision-making task (RDT) in male Long-Evans rats. The RDT measures preference for small, safe rewards over large, risky rewards associated with an escalating chance of foot shock. Systemic bidirectional CB1R manipulation with a CB1R agonist, CB1R antagonist, and FAAH inhibitor (which increases overall endocannabinoid tone) did not alter overt risk-taking in the RDT. Interestingly, direct CB1R agonism, but not indirect CB1R stimulation or CB1R blockade, resulted in reduction in latency to make risky choices while not altering safe choice latency. Our findings suggest that CB1R activation expedites engagement in punishment based risk-taking without affecting overall preference for risky vs. safe options. This indicates that risk preference and rate of deliberation for risk-taking are influenced by distinct neural substrates, an important consideration for development of precise treatments targeting the aberrant risk-taking typical of SUD symptomology.

The influence of romantic partners on male risk-taking

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1405-1415
Author(s):  
Karol Silva ◽  
Jason Chein ◽  
Laurence Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Romantic Partner ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Attractive Female ◽  
The Impact

Studies show that young men’s tendency to take risks may be exacerbated or attenuated in different social contexts. Despite widespread evidence that social context influences young men’s risk-taking, few studies have examined the impact of romantic partners on risky decision-making. The present study examined risk-taking among young men in relationships with women ( n = 134, ages 18–24) randomly assigned to be tested alone ( n = 47), in the presence of their romantic partner ( n = 44), or in the presence of an attractive female stranger ( n = 43). The presence of a romantic partner diminished young men’s tendency to take risks. Findings demonstrate that a dampening effect on risk-taking is attributable to the romantic partner’s presence and not merely due to knowledge of being in a relationship.

scholarly journals A Novel Online Education Reform Model Based on Risky Decision-Making under the Situation of Internet Plus

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yao Lv
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Education Reform ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Interval Type ◽  
Reform Model ◽  
New Situation

In the new situation of Internet plus, information technology has been widely applied in education, and hence online education has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. Today’s society is a risk society, and risk is everywhere. Online education reform is also risky, which is determined by many reasons. Some risks will cause certain losses to the online education reform, so based on risky decision-making, it is necessary to carry out online education reform under the new situation of Internet plus. At first, the risky decision-making in online education reform is analyzed, which is the risk of online education reform in risk society and the allocation logic of online education reform. Then, taking interval type-2 fuzzy logic (IT2FL) as the information environment, this study proposes the optimal risky decision-making method based on IT2FL utility functions, IT2FL entropy, and risk preference factor of online education reform to solve the multipath risky decision-making problem of online education reform. Finally, the experimental results show that, in the risky decision-making model, the decision-maker’s risk preference has an impact on the path weight and the ranking of the scheme, and the idea has a certain reference role for risky decision-making. Compared with the three benchmarks, the proposed method has the fewest ranking time with the same ranking results.

scholarly journals Role of Working Memory Updating and Working Memory Capacity in Moderating the Relationship between Impulsivity with Propensity of Risk Taking Behaviors and Decision Making in Boy Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Amir Hamzeh Khorasani ◽  
Maria E. Aguilar Vafaei ◽  
Vahid Nejati ◽  
Hamidreza Hassan Abadi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Working Memory Updating ◽  
The Relationship

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">In this research, authors examine how individual differences in working memory capacity and Working Memory updating influence differences in impulsivity in risky decision making and behaviors. This study makes attempt to address extension of related works on the relationship between working memory, impulsivity and risky decision making and behaviors in adolescents. A large sample (420) of boy secondary grade students involved in this research; this study indicated that working memory capacity and updating Working Memory moderate some of impulsivity and high risk behaviors and decision making. Individuals with low working memory capacity and high impulsivity compared to individuals with high working memory capacity and high impulsivity are more likely subjected to risky decision making. Further, high risk behaviors are more salient in individuals with low updating Working Memory and high impulsivity. </span></p>

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