scholarly journals Readings from the Moscow Version of the Versed Synaxarion in Hand-Written Synaxaria of the Commonwealth of the Two Nations

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Marina Chistiakova
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Affirmative Answer ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The interaction between the Ordinary and the Versed synaxarion began almost immediately after the latter was translated in the first quarter of the 14th century. The present article focuses on samples of readings from the Versed synaxarion that found their way into versions of the Ordinary synaxarion. The author raises the question of whether the readings from Moscovite Rus versions of the Synaxarion were integrated into the versions characteristic to the Kyiv Metropolitanate. An indepth study into the composition of the versions of the Synaxarion deriving from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, subsequently, the Commonwealth of the Two Nations, has made it possible to give an affirmative answer to this question. The specific version of the extended edition of the Synaxarion copy written by the local scribe Symeon in 1621 in Rychagov Village, Lviv Region, Ukraine, later transferred to the Krekhov Monastery and currently stored in the Lviv National Scientific Library, MV 1267, has been found to contain a number of didactic articles and individual hagiographic texts derivedfrom the Moscow version of the Versed synaxarion. The Rychagov synaxarion was also checked with some other synaxaria and hagiographic collections from the Commonwealth of the Two Nations. During their work on these sources, the book scribes were chiefly interested in the new sermons they used for creating the unique and rich didactic section of the synaxarion No. 1267.

scholarly journals The «Plaiting» on the Lithuanian and Lithuanian-Rus Coins of the XIV Century

Archaeology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 61-80
Author(s):  
Heorhii Kozubovskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
14Th Century ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Special Meaning ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Money Circulation

The article is devoted to the problem of the «plaiting» presence on the Lithuanian, Lithuanian-Rus and the Golden Horde coins of the 14th century. The coins with portrait and the beast lion (or the leopard) with a «plaiting» over its head and the coins with the beast lion (or the leopard) with a «plaiting» and Arabic (or Cyrillic legend (?)) are analyzed. The Kyivan Rus coins of Vladimir Olgerdovich (1362—1394) with princely sign and «plaiting» (around which is the inscription with the name of the prince) and the Golden Horde coins with «plaiting» are also examined. Many researches associate the «plaiting» with the Tatar «tamga», and the coins with such a symbol might have indicated the Golden Horde dependence. However, this ornament («ornamentum monetale» by Ch. M. Fraehn) may have a special meaning related to the Juchid monetary coinage. The Golden Horde coins with «plaiting» were the most important instrument of payment and taxation realization on the greater part of the Lithuanian and Lithuanian-Rus principalities. After the Syni Vody River battle of 1362 many the Golden Horde centers and trade routes in the basins of the Dnipro, Dnister and Southern Buh rivers were significant sources of the monetary silver arrival. Many qualitative (also with «ornamentum monetale» — «plaiting») silver coins of Abdallah Khan (1363—1370) and Muhammad Bulaq Khan (1370—1380), were minted in the western mints of the Mamai Horde (Azak, Ordu, Shehr al-Jedid). The silver coins of the Golden Horde were the source for the oldest Lithuanian and Lithuanian-Rus coins and bars of Olherd (1345—1377) and his sons. The oldest Lithuanian and Lithuanian-Rus coins made of approximately 900-standart silver corresponded to silver coins of the Golden Horde. The Golden Horde silver coins (also with «ornamentum monetale» — «plaiting») are one of the most constant parts of money circulation in Ukrainian territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from the 1360-ies till the first quarter of the 15th century.

scholarly journals Duchowa kultura Tatarów polskich jako integralny element kultury pogranicza słowiańsko-muzułmańskiego

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 151-163
Author(s):  
Selim Chazbijewicz
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Spiritual Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The spiritual culture of Polish Tatars as an integral element of the Slavic‑Muslim borderlands cultureThe present article depicts the unique culture of Polish Tatars in the context of their history and the histories of other Muslim cultures in Europe, especially in Bosnia. In particular, this article presents the history of this small ethnic group as well as the specificity of their religious practices in relation to the Ottoman tradition and the culture of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Further, the article discusses the tradition of Sufism (the Bektashi and Jesewije orders), as well as its relations with shamanism and its remains. What is more, the article portrays Tatar writings in comparison with the Muslim written culture in East Europe and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Subsequently, the article analyses Tatar rites: their forms and changes they have undergone. These forms reflect the uniqueness of the Tatar culture in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the present-day Poland. The existing forms are combinations of Tatar, Muslim and Slavic spirituality and provide evidence that the Polish Tatar culture is strongly related to Slavic and Muslim cultures, especially the Ottoman culture and the culture of the former Crimean Khanate. Духовнaя культура польских татар как интегральная часть культуры на славяно-мусульманском пограничьеВ статье указана специфика культуры польских татар в истории и в контексте других мусульманских культур, существующих в Европе. Автор представил историю этой этнической группы, а также специфическое религиозное сознание в контексте османской империи как соседа древней Речи Посполитой. В статье отмечена также специфика суфийских источников татарских религиозных обрядов. Автор показал религиозную письменность польских татар, ее корни в области языка и литературной традиции. Формы, которые до сих пор сохранились, свидетельствуют об идентичности древней культуры польских татар с культурой османской и бывшего крымского ханства, а также о славянском влиянии.

scholarly journals The evolution of the laws regulating access to forests and aquatic resources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania until the mid-16th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Anna Pytasz-Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Illegal Logging ◽  
Aquatic Resources ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

In the 13th and the 14th century, grand dukes had exclusive rights to the forests and aquatic resources of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. They maintained these rights in the 15th century despite the fact that the rights to royal forests and aquatic had been widely distributed since the reign of Vytautas. Beginning in the second decade of the 16th century, grand dukes became increasingly interested in the productivity of land belonging to the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in particular forests and aquatic resources. Their concern was largely motivated by the financial burden placed on the Lithuanian treasury in connection with the Muscovite- Lithuanian wars and the economic reforms implemented by Queen Bona and Sigismundus II Augustus. The monarchs passed laws regulating access to royal land in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. These regulations improved the management of royal land, protected forests against illegal logging and prevented excessive exploitation of water fauna (especially fish)

scholarly journals Newfound Excerpts from the Nomocanon in the Synaxarion from the Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Marina Chistiakova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Initial Part ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article is devoted to two previously unknown excerpts from the Nomoсanon (Kormchaya), found in the late 16th century Synaxarion (or Prologue) from the Andrey Sheptytsky National Museum in Lviv, Rk 252. This manuscript contains readings from September to December and represents a specific version of the expanded edition of the Prologue, characteristic of the writing tradition of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The sermons, included in this copy for 17 and 25 November, are borrowed from the Nomoсanon of Fourteen Titles without commentaries, namely from the initial part of the Collection of Apostolic Rules. A comparative analysis of the articles has demonstrated that the compiler selected some successive fragments from the oldest Slavonic version of the Kormchaya and also made some omissions. The first sermon is focused on the ordination of bishops and the rules of conduct of all ranks of the clergy. The second article forbids the ordination of priests for a fee and under the auspices of the Duke. It also specifies that the bishops’ meetings should be held twice a year. A textological analysis has shown that the synaxarian sermon of 17 November had been somewhat shortened. From a linguistic point of view, excerpts from the Nomocanon bear exact correspondence to the source text. Both sermons contain brief passages from other authors and sources (St. Nilus of Sinai, the Book of Psalms, etc.). Because of the similarity in style of the work with the source, it may be assumed that extracts from the Kormchaya were simultaneously included into the Prologue by the same person, probably at a later stage of editing of this version of the Prologue. At the end of the present article, two newly discovered synaxarian articles from the Kormchaya are published.

scholarly journals BURNING ALT-WARTENBURG. ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE TEUTONIC ORDER AND THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA FROM A DESERTED MEDIEVAL TOWN NEAR BARCZEWKO (WARMIA, POLAND)

2019 ◽  
Vol Lietuvos archeologija, T. 45 ◽  
pp. 265-293
Author(s):  
Felix Biermann ◽  
Christofer Herrmann ◽  
Arkadiusz Koperkiewicz ◽  
Edvinas Ubis
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Conflict Archaeology ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

In the 14th century, the Teutonic Order and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania engaged in severe armed conflicts whose central element was raids on enemy territory. Since nearly all written evidence was authored by one side in the conflict, the chroniclers of the Order, the reliability of the reports in respect to violence and cruelties is not clear. Therefore, archaeological discoveries are of great importance for understanding these wars and their reality. An instructive example is the deserted town of Alt-Wartenburg in Warmia (Barczewko near Olsztyn, Northeast Poland), which was captured and destroyed in 1354 by a Lithuanian army and afterwards abandoned. Recent research has revealed considerable traces of the town’s violent end: burnt houses, weapons, skeletons of the victims, and other traces of ravages and violence. The site and the finds are discussed against the background of the written record, the warfare of its time and region, and other archaeological witnesses of this period. Keywords: Wars of Teutonic Order and Grand Duchy of Lithuania; conflict archaeology; Middle Ages; deserted town; Warmia.

scholarly journals The Cuisine of Sigismund II Augustus: Food and Its Supply in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania According to the Data in the Court Account Books of 1543–1546

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 93-115
Author(s):  
Neringa Dambrauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Baked Products ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Grand Duchy

The objective of the present article is to reveal what food products were used in the cuisine of King Sigismund II Augustus and what were the ways of their supply when the Ruler resided in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania according to the data in the court account books of 1543–1546. The following issues will be addressed in the article: the supply of meat to the court kitchen of Sigismund II Augustus and its use; the consumption and supply of fish; the consumption of dairy products and eggs; bread, cereals, and sweet baked products on the Ruler’s menu; the assortment of vegetables and fruits; a variety of spices and their supply; the consumption of beverages.

Moldova's Relations with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Second Half of the 14th Century – Beginning of the 15th Century (until the Treaty of Lublau in 1412)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Valentin Constantinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Of Power ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Independent State ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
The Will ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Right ◽  
Grand Duchy

In the middle and second half of the 14th century, significant territorial changes took place in Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe. The old political structures, which by that time had outlived their usefulness, were replaced by new ones: the revived Kingdom of Poland, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and the Moldavian principality. These changes took place in a fierce struggle, with confrontations on the battlefield giving way to confrontations on the diplomatic front. In addition to the above-mentioned political formations, the Hungarian king also had an important place in this struggle. Louis the Great of Anjou at one time united the Hungarian and Polish crown into his own hands, after the death of Casimir the Great Polish king who had no male offspring. The Moldovan rulers took advantage of the international political conjuncture in this space, who skillfully conducted their foreign policy based on the principle of the balance of power. First, the problem of heredity in Poland and then in the Hungarian kingdom itself undoubtedly contributed to the strengthening of a still very young state that appeared in the middle of the 14th century, first as a Hungarian march, and which was tasked with moving eastward, and then as an independent state. However, at that time, every political entity had a suzerain, which gave him the right to exist. Vasal addiction varied from case to case. In turn, when such an opportunity arose, the Moldovan rulers could change their overlords based on political interest. In this, they used the strength and power of the Lithuanian princes. At first, being in allied relations with the Koriatovichs, the Moldovan rulers strengthened their state, and then, by the will of fate, they developed friendly relations with Vitovt / Alexander and tried not to spoil relations with him, participating in those planned through the Grand Duke of Lithuania. A special test for the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was the war with the Teutonic Order, which broke out in 1409. The Moldavian soldiers again took part in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410. However, the problem was that the Teutons were supported by the Hungarian king, Sigismund of Luxembourg, who wanted to return the Hungarian influence in Moldova. Thus, the Moldavian principality was drawn into the tangle of international relations in this area where the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was of great importance.

Private Housing of the Second Half of the 13th – the Beginning of the 15th Century from Archaeological Research in Kamianets-Podilskyi on Tatarska street, 17/1

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 121-135
Author(s):  
Ihor Starenkyi ◽  
◽  
Levinzon Levinzon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Black Paint ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Pillar Structure ◽  
First Time ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Grand Duchy

The article describes the archaeological research conducted in Kamianets-Podilskyi on Tatarska Street, 17/1 in 2018. In this area, an intact archeological complex, rare for the territory of Podillya, was discovered and studied in the second half of the 13th - beginning of the 15th centuries, which corresponds to the time when these lands were part of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Archaeological excavations have revealed a private dwelling sunk into the mainland with a pit-cold frame-pillar structure. This housing is fundamentally different from the complex excavated in 2017 at the same time at 12 Pyatnytska Street, where the housing was a frame-pillar filled with clay. During the works, numerous materials were discovered, which made it possible for the first time to develop a typology of ceramics for the second half of the 13th - early 15th centuries for the territory of Podillya. First of all, 13 types of pots of four chronological periods were identified (the second half of the 13th - the beginning of the 14th century, the first half - the middle of the 14th century, the second half of the 14th century and the beginning - the first third of the 15th century). In turn, some types are divided into subtypes. As for the decoration of these products, their bodies were often decorated with a wavy indented line, corrugation, lines of oblique indented notches, lines of rounded indentations and painting in black paint. Jars, bowls and makitry are described separately according to morphological features. An amphora of the Lithuanian era turned out to be a valuable find. In addition, a clay ball, a denarius of Vladislav Jagail and a fragment of a metal product (chisel?) Were found during the works.

scholarly journals Atrybutywne nominacje Boga: 'jeden', 'jedyny' w polskich przekładach Biblii i Koranu

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Religious Language ◽  
The Bible ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy

Names of attributes of Gods: one, sole in Polish translations of Bibles and the QuranThe present article spans many different areas of linguistics (the history of Polish, theolinguistics, Islamic linguistics, kitabistics, religious language) and translation studies. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive presentation of how Arabic lexis and phraseology were rendered in Slavonic languages (especially in the Polish dialects of the northern borderland of Poland, and also in Belorussian dialects); and how Arabic and Turkish forms were transposed into grammatical and lexical system of Polish and Belorussian.The article analyses the transpositions of the Arabic names for God into Slavonic languages in the writings of Tatars in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in Polish printed translations of Koran, in comparison with the names of God that appear in the Polish translations of the Bible. Атрибутивные номинации Бога: один, единственный в польских переводах Библии и КоранаПо предмету исследования и методологии, данная статья соединяет в себе элементы лингвистики (история польского языка, теолингвистика, исламская лингвистика, китабистика, религиозный язык) и теории перевода. Цель настоящей статьи – максимально полное представление способов передачи арабской лексики и фразеологии в славянских языках (точнее, в северном периферийном польском диалекте, а также в белорусских диалектах) или приспособления арабских и турецких форм к грамматико-лексическим системам этих языков. В данной статье предпринимается попытка анализа перевода атрибутивных номинаций Бога с арабского на славянские языки в письменности татар Великого княжества Литовского, а также в польских печатных переводах Корана в сопоставлении с Его названиями, имеющимися в польских переводах Библии.

Manuscript Catalogs and Inventories of Books from the Lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – Some Problems of Publishing Rules

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Lilia Kowkiel ◽  
Arvydas Pacevičius ◽  
Iwona Pietrzkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Grand Duchy ◽  
Book Culture

Historians and publishers of historical sources have a lot of problems with the texts written in different languages and alphabets, which were created at different times, in the multilingual areas inhabited by many nations following different religions. The historians of book culture have the same problems with texts of inventories and catalogues of books, which are the primary source of knowledge about the content of libraries. At present it’s also important the historical texts to be published in the digital form. This article is a part of the discussion on this very important subject.

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