Lightweight Design of Patch Plate on Car-body B-pillar based on Side Impact Safety

The B-pillar of automobile needs to meet the requirements of vehicle strength and rigidity, and also consider the fuel economy of vehicle. Therefore, the design and development of B-pillar is a difficult point in the field of car body design and manufacturing. Based on the side impact regulations, the safety model ling and simulation analysis of the B-pillar of the vehicle was carried out to obtain the change law of the intrusion amount and the intrusion speed of the five key points in the whole process. According to the analysis results of side impact of B-pillar, a scheme to reduce the material thickness of B-pillar body and increase patch plate for lightweight design was proposed, and a comparative analysis of the safety of side impact was made. In view of the problem that the intrusion of B-pillar of a real vehicle model did not conform to the regulations, the design scheme of adding patch plate was proposed to improve the safety of side impact. According to the actual collision results, the simulation model was modified, and the design scheme was simulated and optimized. The reliability of the design scheme was verified by the real vehicle collision analysis. The results show that: in the side collision of B-pillar, the intrusion of D2 position measurement point is the largest, the intrusion velocity of D3 position measurement point is the largest, and the intrusion amount and intrusion speed of D5 position measurement point are the smallest. Patch plates are added to the inner side of adjacent area of D2 position measurement point. The welding point is welded with B-pillar structure, and other areas of B-pillar keep the same structure, so as to realize lightweight and effective improvement of safety. Under the condition of maintaining the original material and thickness of B-pillar, two patches with thickness of 2 mm and material of B340LA are added in the middle of B-pillar to improve the structural strength. The defect area is set at the wrinkle position of the original B-pillar to guide the deformation mode of the B-pillar. The relative deviation between simulation calculation and test intrusion is less than 20 %, and the car crash simulation model with improved B-pillar structure is more accurate. For this type of car, the optimization and improvement effect of B-pillar structure is ideal, which improves the passenger safety protection ability in side impact.

Private Housing of the Second Half of the 13th – the Beginning of the 15th Century from Archaeological Research in Kamianets-Podilskyi on Tatarska street, 17/1

The article describes the archaeological research conducted in Kamianets-Podilskyi on Tatarska Street, 17/1 in 2018. In this area, an intact archeological complex, rare for the territory of Podillya, was discovered and studied in the second half of the 13th - beginning of the 15th centuries, which corresponds to the time when these lands were part of the Golden Horde and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Archaeological excavations have revealed a private dwelling sunk into the mainland with a pit-cold frame-pillar structure. This housing is fundamentally different from the complex excavated in 2017 at the same time at 12 Pyatnytska Street, where the housing was a frame-pillar filled with clay. During the works, numerous materials were discovered, which made it possible for the first time to develop a typology of ceramics for the second half of the 13th - early 15th centuries for the territory of Podillya. First of all, 13 types of pots of four chronological periods were identified (the second half of the 13th - the beginning of the 14th century, the first half - the middle of the 14th century, the second half of the 14th century and the beginning - the first third of the 15th century). In turn, some types are divided into subtypes. As for the decoration of these products, their bodies were often decorated with a wavy indented line, corrugation, lines of oblique indented notches, lines of rounded indentations and painting in black paint. Jars, bowls and makitry are described separately according to morphological features. An amphora of the Lithuanian era turned out to be a valuable find. In addition, a clay ball, a denarius of Vladislav Jagail and a fragment of a metal product (chisel?) Were found during the works.

Analysis of the optimization of the construction process of ecological brick compared to ceramic brick

The brick is composed of water, soil and cement, having an easy manufacturing process, with short construction and low cost is not subjected to burning is manufactured by a very different process from ceramic blocks, the same goes through a hydraulic press. This type of brick has characteristics that provide quality, sustainability, beauty, and above all savings in the total cost of the work. When used in construction are eliminated some steps and the execution time in the work. A block wall or ceramic brick will need roughcast, sketch, plaster, seamer and painting, besides considering the cost of these materials can not forget the labor that corresponds to an average 50% of the value of the work. But the great advantage over the other bricks is its construction system, once raised the wall this is ready, does not need finishing, and the pillar structure and beams are ready with it. Electrical and Hydraulic Installations are easily installed without the need for breakage and waste. These bricks do not require the use of mortars for laying, coatings such as plastering for regularization and finishing of walls, in addition to accelerating the work with their fittings that facilitate the alignment and plumb of the walls. The objective of this work is present through a literature review of optimization processes that involve the ecological brick. in addition to accelerating the work with their fittings that facilitate the alignment and plumb of the walls. The objective of this work is present through a literature re-view of optimization processes that involve the ecological brick. in addition to accelerating the work with their fittings that facilitate the alignment and plumb of the walls. The objective of this work is present through a literature review of optimization processes that involve the ecological brick.

Structural and technical characteristics of the fortification system of the Dikaya Yama hillfort of the Early Iron Age in the Middle Tobol River area

The paper reports the results of the studies of the fortification system of the Early Iron Age Dikaya Yama hill-fort situated in the Middle Tobol River region of the Western Siberian forest-steppe zone. The hillfort was built by the population of the Sargatka Culture, and it is dated to the 3rd c. BC — 1st c. AD. The defence lines at the junc-tion of two adjacent fortified platforms have been studied. It has been determined that the earthwork of the first platform was built up from turfen blocks; the presence of traces of postholes suggests that the earthwork was reinforced with a wooden-frame wall — a wattle fence. The ditch between the platforms had a trapezoidal shape with the size of 3.2–4 m of the upper part and 1.2–1.6 m of the lower part. The soil from the ditch was placed into the mound of the rampart of the second platform. The mathematical analysis of the volume of earth making the mound of the rampart allowed establishing its height of 2.0 m. Analysis of the stratigraphy and planigraphy re-vealed the remains of a frame structure set on the rampart. The wattle fence on top of the rampart and the para-pet along it have been reconstructed. Moreover, there have been identified the remains of a frame-and-pillar structure installed into the body of the rampart, which was aimed to strengthen the mound and prevent untimely slipping. A graphic reconstruction of the appearance of the fortifications existed on the studied site has been cre-ated. Carcass fortifications of the wattle fence type, a wall constructed in “zaplot” technique, set on the rampart, have analogies in the Early Iron Age hillforts of the Tobol-Irtysh interfluve: Kolovskoe, Rafailovskoe, Ak-Tau, and Pavlinovo. There existed a tradition of mounting a palisade into a ditch-trench — such structures have been re-corded at the hillforts of Borovushka, Likhachevskoe, Bochanetskoe, Inberen 4 and Rozanovo, Mar'ino Ushchel'ye 4 and Malo-Kazakbaevskoe. The fortification system of the hillfort of Dikaya Yama, which, structurally, is represented by the earthwork ramparts on top of which there were mounted wooden walls in the technique of the wattle fence, is consistent with the traditional scheme of the fortifications of the Early Iron Age population. The question of simultaneous or sequential building of the platforms of the hillfort will be addressed in future work. However, the unified planning solution in organizing forms of the fortification structures implies, in our opinion, preliminary design of the whole settlement and its construction at one time.

Gateless and Capacitorless Germanium Biristor with a Vertical Pillar Structure

For the first time, a novel germanium (Ge) bi-stable resistor (biristor) with a vertical pillar structure was implemented on a bulk substrate. The basic structure of the Ge pillar-typed biristor is a p-n-p bipolar junction transistor (BJT) with an open base (floating), which is equivalent to a gateless p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET). In the pillar formation, we adopted an amorphous carbon layer to protect the Ge surface from both physical and chemical damage by subsequent processes. A hysteric current-voltage (I-V) characteristic, which results in a sustainable binary state, i.e., high current and low current at the same voltage, can be utilized for a memory device. A lower operating voltage with high current was achieved, compared to a Si biristor, due to the low energy bandgap of pure Ge.

Sree Narayana Movement and Social Transformation of Modern Kerala: A Bird’s - Eye View

Among the various factors that contributed for the transformation of Kerala into a modern democratic society the role played by Sree Narayana movement was most significant. Realising that the political power was the master key to social progress, the leaders of the movement came into tacit understanding with non Hindus, made permutations and combinations with them to maintain and strengthen their position in the society. Through their protests, incessant conflicts and assertions, they succeeded in transforming the pyramidal social structure of Kerala into pillar structure. From the position of caste victims they could elevate themselves to the makers of their own destinies. They also succeeded in politicising the social relations. The philosophies and pragmatic approaches propounded by Narayana Guru for the material and spiritual advancement of the backward caste people of Kerala was found successful that contributed for the social transformation from structural relations to human relations and from caste hierarchical structure to inter-personal relations.

Pulsed Laser Deposition of Epitaxial Non-Doped PbTiO3 Thin Films from PbO–TiO2 Mosaic Targets

PbTiO3 (PTO) suffers from difficulty in preparing high-density robust bulk ceramics, which in turn has been a bottleneck in thin films growth with physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. In the present work, we prepared non-doped PTO thin films by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method with either a single PTO target or a mosaic target consisting of PbO and TiO2 pie-shaped pieces. On the PTO single target, laser irradiation caused selective ablation of Pb, resulting in Ti-rich cone-shaped pillar structure on the surface, whereas the irradiated surface of PbO and TiO2 pieces was smoother. Epitaxial PTO films deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates from the pie-chart targets with PbO:TiO2 areal ratio from 3:5 to 5:3 resulted in composition, crystallinity, flatness, and ferroelectric properties almost independent of the areal ratio. The averaged composition of each film was close to stoichiometric, suggesting a compositional self-control mechanism. For growing epitaxial and high-quality non-doped PTO films, a PbO–TiO2 pie-chart target is advantageous in easiness of handling and stable surface structure.