Some Remarks on the Current Efforts for Future Protection of the Kura Water Resources through Trans-Boundary Cooperation and Modernized National Policy Measures

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehman Agarza Oglu Rzayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Measures

Managing Water for Food and Agricultural Transformation in Africa

2019 ◽  
pp. 469-487
Author(s):  
Timothy O. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rural Transformation ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Food Value

This chapter examines the links between water, food and society in Africa. Agricultural transformation to promote growth, eliminate poverty and hunger and sustain ecosystems is one of the central pillars of current development agenda in Africa. Achievement of this agenda will crucially depend on sustainable water management. However, agri-food systems and water resources are under greater pressure than ever before due to demographic, economic and climatic changes. The nature and scale of these changes suggest that only a holistic and integrated management of all shades of water resources, green, blue and grey, will allow Africa to eliminate hunger and poverty. Research-based technical solutions as well as institutional and policy measures are proposed that would allow available water resources to be sustainably used to promote climate-resilient farming systems, improve agricultural productivity and food security and spur the development of viable food value chains needed for agricultural and rural transformation.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-412
Author(s):  
Wellington Marçal de Carvalho ◽  
Edson De Oliveira Vieira ◽  
Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha ◽  
Alan Kenio dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Tiago Vinicius Batista do Carmo
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Main River ◽  
Equilibrium Relationships ◽  
The City

CARACTERIZAÇÃO FISIOGRÁFICA DA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO DO MALHEIRO, NO MUNICÍPIO DE SABARÁ – MG  Wellington Marçal de Carvalho; Edson de Oliveira Vieira; Jussara Machado Jardim Rocha; Alan Kênio dos Santos Pereira; Tiago Vinícius Batista do CarmoInstituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Montes Claros, MG  [email protected]  1 RESUMO A Lei Federal 9.433, de 8 de janeiro de 1997, instituiu a Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos e estabeleceu o Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos e, ao definir princípios básicos para uma gestão eficaz das águas, no Brasil, adotou a bacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento de políticas públicas, a fim de garantir o direito ao acesso à água de boa qualidade para as atividades produtivas, bem como, para sua utilização pelas gerações futuras. Sabe-se que uma bacia hidrográfica é um sistema complexo e sofre influência de fatores internos e externos, que podem comprometer as diversas relações de equilíbrio do mesmo, e, possivelmente, culminar em sua degradação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a fisiografia da bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Malheiro, no município de Sabará – MG. Para compreender os processos biológicos, físicos e químicos que interferem no ciclo hidrológico dessa unidade geográfica foram estudados os parâmetros fisiográficos: área de drenagem, perímetro, comprimento do leito principal, rede de drenagem, densidade de drenagem, forma da bacia hidrográfica, número de ordem, declividade equivalente, tempo de concentração, extensão do percurso principal e amplitude altimétrica. Os resultados demonstraram a necessidade de medidas efetivas de recuperação e preservação da cobertura vegetal, além de investimentos em educação ambiental para a população. UNITERMOS: Bacia de drenagem. Morfometria. Malheiro, córrego do – Sabará/MG.  CARVALHO, W. M. de; VIEIRA, E. de O.; ROCHA, J. M. J.; PEREIRA, A. K. dos S.; CARMO, T. V. B. do. physiographic characterization of Malheiro stream watershed in the city of Sabará– MG, brazil  2 ABSTRACT The Brazilian Federal Law 9433, from January 8th, 1997, regulated  the National Policy for Water Resources and established the National System for Water Resources Management, and, by defining basic principles for an efficient water management in Brazil, it adopted the watershed as a planning unit for public policy, in order to guarantee the rights to access good quality water for productive activities, and also for the future generations’ use. It is known that a watershed is a complex system that is influenced by internal and external factors that may compromise its several equilibrium relationships, and, possibly, result in its degradation. The goal of the present work was to characterize the physiography of  the Malheiro stream watershed, located in the city of Sabará, MG. In order to understand the biological, physical and chemical processes that interfere in the hydrological cycle of the geographic unit, the following physiographic parameters were studied: drainage area, perimeter, main river bed length, drainage network, drainage density, hydrographic basin shape, order number, equivalent declivity, concentration time, main course extension, and altimetric amplitude. The results demonstrated the necessity for effective measure recovery and preservation of the vegetation cover, and also investments on environmental education for thepopulation.            KEYWORDS: Draining bank river. Morphometry. Malheiro stream watershed - Sabará/MG.

Were the Italian policy reforms to contrast favoritism and foster effectiveness in faculty recruitment successful?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Abramo ◽  
Ciriaco Andrea D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Research Performance ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Performance Ratings ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Faculty Recruitment ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Policy Measures

Abstract In this work, we assess whether and to what extent the latest Italian national policy initiatives intended, among others, to contrast favoritism and foster recruitment effectiveness have resulted in the desired effects. To answer the question, we propose two related analyses. One compares the research performance ratings of recruits in two subsequent five-year periods, before and after the introduction of the above policy measures. The second analysis compares the effectiveness of recruitment by all Italian universities, in the above two subsequent five-year periods. The results from the comparisons show a decline of both unproductive and high-performing recruits, and no overall improvement in the effectiveness of recruitment.

scholarly journals SOME POLICY ISSUES IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA

2008 ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
R.A. Alani
Keyword(s):  
Student Teacher ◽  
National Policy ◽  
University Education ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
National Policy On Education ◽  
National Universities

The paper examines three issues relating to university education in Nigeria. The first is the provision of the National Policy on Education, enacted in 1977, which specifies 60:40 science/arts ratio in student admission and enrolment. The second is the student/teacher ratios recommended for the exiting universities by the National Universities Commission. The last is the issue of access to university education which has always attracted global attention. The paper assesses the extent to which the universities have achieved the science/arts ratio in student admission and enrolment. It compares the actual and there commended student/teacher ratios and points out that there is divergence between the two. The paper also argues that the demand for university education out-striped its supply and that geographical imbalance exists in the demand for university places. The paper then highlights the policy measures taken by government to address the issues raised, makes some recommendation and concludes that the problems confronting university education must be addressed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Water Resource Policies between Brazil and Italy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pasqualetto ◽  
Diego Lo Presti ◽  
Massimo Rovai ◽  
Aldo Muro Jr
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Preservation Planning ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Planning And Management ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Environmental Agencies

The growing need for water has pressured society and governments to focus more on preservation, planning and management of this natural resource, in which is fundamental to ecosystems and especially to humans. In this sense, the goal of this study was to analyze the national policy of water resources in Brazil and Italy, figuring out aspects that could promote its improvement, aiming at the preservation of water sources, guaranteeing satisfactory quantity and quality. They were carried out in 2019 by the environmental agencies of both countries, listing the main disciplinary regulations. The results show that although they are countries with different realities, they resemble similarities in managerial aspects of water resources, with legislation addressing qualitative and quantitative aspects of water, with guiding principles, instruments and actions aimed at the defence of this natural resource.

scholarly journals Integrated Water Resources Conservation Management for a Sustainable Food Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chay Asdak ◽  
Munawir Munawir
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Institutional Arrangement ◽  
Resource Conservation ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Water Resource Conservation

Many of Indonesia’s watersheds are reaching a critical stage. As a result of higher rates of erosion and sedimentation, the number of critical watersheds in Indonesia has increased from 22 in 1984 to 58 in 2000 and in 2014 this number has reached 108. This result in food security is being threatened because there is insufficient water available for agriculture purposes due to catchment degradation, especially in the upper parts of the watersheds. At the same time, Indonesia’s new government focused its national development programs on food security for the next five years. For these reasons Indonesia’s National Development Planning Agency believes that it is timely to develop a national policy on Integrated Water Conservation Management (IWCM). To provide the rationale and suggested content for such a national policy, this paper has been prepared based onfocused group discussions with relevant interests at the national and regional levels. To obtain specific input from regional stakeholders, workshops were held in Medan, Yogyakarta, Banjarmasin, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Makassar as well as line agencies based in the state capital of Jakarta from October 2014 to March 2015. At the landscape level, the formulation of national policy on IWCM was based on integrated watershed management analysis as water resources within a specific watershed are integrated into other resources within an ecosystem. This action research recommends the following: a) integrating the IWCM into the regular regional development activities, b) encouraging local agreements on water resource conservation including local adat communities, c) formulating attractive economic incentives in implementing IWCM programs, d) using corporate social responsibility and payment for environment services funding to boost water resource conservation program at village level, and e) involving actively women in the IWCM programs. Considering that socio-cultural aspects are also playing an important role in the IWCM, a national-level of institutional arrangement on IWCM will also be proposed. Keywords: IWCM; food security; green and blue water; watershed; institutional arrangement; Indonesia

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Framework to Assess Large Scale Water Resources Policy Measures

Water ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Udias ◽  
Alessandro Gentile ◽  
Peter Burek ◽  
Ad de Roo ◽  
Faycal Bouraoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Policy Measures

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE CROSS-NATIONAL TRANSFERABILITY OF POLICIES: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (04) ◽  
pp. 1450022 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN C. WILLIAMS ◽  
ROSITSA DZHEKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Transfer ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Policy Initiative ◽  
Transfer Policy ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Practical Evaluation ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Cross National

When seeking to harness entrepreneurship and enterprise culture, governments often seek to transfer policy measures successful in another country to their own. Until now however, governments have often lacked a practical evaluation framework for selecting policy measures and then appraising the feasibility and transferability of such measures. The aim of this paper is to fill that gap. Reviewing the literature on cross-national policy transfer, this paper provides a pragmatic evaluation framework for selecting policy measures and appraising their feasibility and transferability from one country to another. This details how successful policy transfer and cross-national policy learning must be informed by prospective policy analysis and testing the features of the specific policy initiative against the specifics of the national context and circumstances, and then establishes the criteria and processes through which potential policy adopters can identify promising policies used elsewhere to tackle similar problems in their own country and assess their 'goodness of fit' prior to transfer to national realities.

scholarly journals Biogas as a Transport Fuel—A System Analysis of Value Chain Development in a Swedish Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4560
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arfan ◽  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Shveta Soam ◽  
Ola Eriksson
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Market Formation ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Blocking Effects ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Biofuels Policy ◽  
And Diffusion

Biofuels policy instruments are important in the development and diffusion of biogas as a transport fuel in Sweden. Their effectiveness with links to geodemographic conditions has not been analysed systematically in studying biogas development in a less urbanised regions, with high potential and primitive gas infrastructure. One such region identified is Gävleborg in Sweden. By using value chain statistics, interviews with related actors, and studying biofuels policy instruments and implications for biogas development, it is found that the policy measures have not been as effective in the region as in the rest of Sweden due to different geodemographic characteristics of the region, which has resulted in impeded biogas development. In addition to factors found in previous studies, the less-developed biogas value chain in this region can be attributed particularly to undefined rules of the game, which is lack of consensus on trade-off of resources and services, unnecessary competition among several fuel alternatives, as well as the ambiguity of municipalities’ prioritization, and regional cultural differences. To strengthen the regional biogas sector, system actors need a strategy to eliminate blocking effects of identified local factors, and national policy instruments should provide mechanisms to process geographical conditions in regulatory, economic support, and market formation.

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