Perception Regarding Live Kidney Donation in the General Population of South Korea

This study aimed to know how the general population recognizes live kidney donation in Korea. Participants were randomly selected from the general population after proportional allocation by region, sex, and age. Selected participants received a questionnaire that included demographic information, socioeconomic and marital statuses, prior recognition of live donor KT, expected changes after donation, and the need for support after donor nephrectomy. Among the 1,000 participants from the web-based survey, 83.8% answered they fully understood living donor KT, 81.1% knew about them, and 51.1% were willing to donate. Various complications after nephrectomy and deterioration in health after donation were the most significant reasons for those reluctant to donate. Most agreed that the government should provide social and economic support to living kidney donors, especially after exposure to the description of donor nephrectomy. Financial support, including surgery and regular medical check-up costs, was the most preferred government support. The Korean general population seemed aware of the value and safety of kidney donation, although only half of them were willing to donate due to concerns about possible complications. Most participants agreed on social and economic support for living kidney donors, especially surgery-related costs.

Inclusions and Exclusions of Tribal Narratives in the Indian Education Policies of India

The COVID-19 situation in India exposed the deep social and economic divide that exists within. Revealing these existing inequities and vulnerabilities, the pandemic situation critically questions what this divide means for the already marginalized communities in India. The founding fathers of the Indian Constitution foresaw the profound challenge of creating social, political, and economic equity with huge diversity. They saw education with development as a solution to create a just society. Therefore, the structures of reservation and economic support were built into the Constitution. However, these government policies of development and education were intensely geared towards integration as a nation-building exercise. Meanwhile, access to education is still provisional, subject to factors like lack of infrastructure, and that access is not always enough for emancipation. Through this chapter, the nation-building exercise will be critically examined in the light of diversity and the missing narratives of the consent of marginal citizens through the post-colonial lens.

Communicating Credential Value

Learners are increasingly turning to “alternative” education channels to up- and re-skill over the course of their lifetimes. In turn, the credentialing market is expanding quickly to supplement or replace training available through traditional pathways. Yet, the relationship between emerging credentials and learners' career outcomes is underexplored. To allow credentials to pave more inclusive pathways to professions, organizations that issue credentials need to gather data about career outcomes, leverage those data to enhance their program, and promote the outcomes transparently. This chapter explores three approaches to reporting outcomes and provides actionable recommendations to implement transparent reporting strategies. If implemented, the suggested approaches could ultimately help enhance understanding of, trust in, and economic support for alternative credentials.

Improving the organizational and economic support for the development of enterprises in the hospitality industry in the use of information and communication technologies

Conceptual foundations of organizational and economic support for the development of enterprises in the hospitality industry have been developed, taking into account the level of use of information and communication technologies. It has been determined that the main results of the influence of information technologies on the hospitality industry are the optimization of business processes, as well as the transformation of the target consumer of hospitality services. The types of information and communication technologies are systematized depending on the direction of the business processes of the cycle of providing hospitality services. It has been substantiated that through the active use of information and communication technologies, hospitality industry enterprises satisfy the needs of customers in full in accordance with modern requirements. The relationship was established between the results of assessing the level of organizational and economic support for the development of information and communication technologies and the strategic choice of enterprises in the hospitality industry. Three types of strategies are identified – information expansion, improvement, retention and further development – depending on the low, medium and high level of development of information and communication technologies, respectively. The directions of increasing the level of development of information and communication technologies of the hospitality industry at different levels are proposed. The developed theoretical and methodological provisions can be useful in the formation of the concept of strategic development of the hospitality industry. The use of the proposed toolkit reflects the results, both quantitatively (increasing demand for hospitality services, improving financial performance, etc.) and in a qualitative form (improving the quality of service, creating a positive image, etc.).

Child Neglect: Statutes, Rates, and a Neglect Diversion Model

Introduction: Poverty is a correlate if not a cause of child neglect in the US and worldwide (Slack, 2017; WHO & UNICEF,2021,UN 2021). Definitions of child neglect vary widely and include parental omissions and commissions. The purpose of this manuscript is to examine the extent to which poverty exemptions in state statutes (N=15) actually are correlated with “screened out” neglect cases. We then undertake a case study of Vermont, the state in the U.S. with the lowest rate of screened in neglect cases, to explore the extent that the state of Vermont can be seen as a “positive outlier.” Methods: Using a multi-phase analysis, this article examines US state statutes (2019). Focusing on the 14 states that use poverty and service access qualifiers in their neglect statutes, we compare their neglect rates with states that do not include such qualifiers. We hypothesized that states with poverty exemptions in their statutes would have proportionately fewer neglect cases. The second phase of analysis built off of key informant interviews to help explain findings from phase 1. Findings: The findings expose the wide variation in neglect percentages across the nation, ranging from 92.2% to 1.5%. Using Vermont as a case study, with the lowest reported neglect rate and only 18 cases screened in for investigation in 2019, we examine explanations for the wide discrepancies nationally. These include the use of an economic firewall with poverty related cases in Vermont being referred to economic support services instead of a CPS investigation, Family Resource Centers, and Differential Response Systems. Implications and Conclusions: Differentiating child neglect from poverty, creating a national if not a globally standardized definition of neglect could help to better contextualize neglect rates, create poverty related diversion programs, and address race equity agendas. Finally, we offer recommendations to create more innovative practices to address and divert neglect cases to other systems and services that can more appropriately aid children, parents, and whole families.

Tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) production and bacterial canker management during COVID-19

<p>The tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) is part of the food basket of Mexicans and is the most consumed vegetable worldwide. Mexico is one of the main producer and exporter countries, the main market to export is the United States of America. The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) seriously affected the economy and consequently the production and distribution of basic foods, including tomatoes. This work summarizes the experiences derived from the production, detection and phytosanitary management of <em>Clavibacter</em> <em>michiganensis</em> subsp. <em>michiganensis</em> during the July–December 2020 season in a tomato crop under macro tunnel located in Copándaro, Michoacán, Mexico. Agriculture, as an essential economic activity in the production of basic foods, must remain active as it is an unconfined productive process, with a low risk of contagion, and it’s a necessary activity for the economic support of agricultural workers.</p>

Taylor’s rule, political cycle, and Latin America—An analysis of time series in search of responsibility for monetary stabilization

The decades before 1990 were dramatic for Latin American economies. However, from 1990 onwards, a set of policies followed by the various states in the region acheived economic stabilization with real income recovery. The attribution of this success has been disputed by politicians, economists and officials from international economic support institutions. This work will analyze the responsibility for this success in 4 economies in the region (Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and Peru). Through the combined analysis of ARDL, Markov states and structural breaks, we highlight different sources of responsibility in different periods. Additionally, detailing the states of each regime, we verify the duration of the regimes related to inflation rates and to interest rates in the region. We identify specific governments as associated with moments of economic stabilization in the region, so the hypothesis of the political cycle cannot be rejected for the set of results achieved. As policy implication, we claim that Taylor rules are endogenous to Political Budget Cycles and so stabilization plans are restricted to political tenures.

Social responsibility of business: concepts, typology and formation factors

In the article the authors analyze the approaches to the definition of "social responsibility". The paper substantiates the relevance of implementing the principles of corporate social responsibility. The authors study the types of social responsibility and its manifestations. It is concluded that corporate social responsibility initiatives are based on four different categories, namely ethical responsibility, philanthropic responsibility, environmental responsibility and economic responsibility. The implementation of the principles of economic responsibility is extremely important, because in this case, economic decisions are made, taking into account their overall impact on both society and business. Thus, economic responsibility can improve business operations by engaging in sustainable practices. It is proposed to divide all factors influencing the formation and development of social responsibility of the company into two groups: factors of action (tax system and public administration systems; government surcharges, subsidies, rewards, etc .; creation of special funds, savings, etc .; volunteering and private initiative ; other factors) and factors of provision (development of investment activity; formation of mechanisms of motivation and stimulation of involvement in the decision of social problems; construction of effective management systems; introduction of public-private partnership). The group of factors of action influences both at the national and local levels. Provision factors are based on the intensification of investment activities, which is the basis for innovation, which in turn will provide additional cash flow and create a strong financial and economic base for the formation of social responsibility systems. The article describes one of the possible options for the process of financial and economic support of social responsibility. It is substantiated that the consideration of these factors by business entities in their activities will help increase social investment, improve the image of companies, increase their attractiveness as participants in the business environment.

Perception Regarding Live Kidney Donation in the General Population of South Korea

Background: It is necessary to know how the general population recognizes live kidney donation in Korea, where living donor kidney transplantations (KT) are the mainstream.Methods: Participants were randomly selected from the general population after proportional allocation by region, sex, and age. Selected participants received a questionnaire that included demographic information, socioeconomic and marital statuses, prior recognition of live donor KT, expected changes after donation, and the need for support after donor nephrectomy.Results: In total, 1,000 participants responded to the web-based survey. After reading the detailed explanation, 83.8% of the respondents answered that they fully understood living donor KT. Among the participants, 811(81.1%) answered that they knew about living donor KT, and 51.1% were willing to donate. Various complications after nephrectomy (54.4%) and deterioration in health after donation (69.1%) were the most important reasons for those who were reluctant to donate, and the possibility of a decrease in economic activities after donation accounted for 33.8%. Overall, 73.2% were more likely to agree that the government should provide social and economic support to living kidney donors; this number increased to 81.3% after exposure to the description of donor nephrectomy (P<0.001). Financial support, including surgery (74.2%) and regular medical check-up costs (70.1%), was the most preferred government support.Conclusions: The Korean general population seemed to be aware of the value and safety of kidney donation, although only half of them were willing to donate due to concerns about possible complications. Most participants agreed on social and economic support for living kidney donors, especially for surgery-related costs.

Children First? Intra-Household Inequality in Reconstituted Couple Households

An increasing number of children are growing up in reconstituted households, formed by a couple and a non-common child. Reconstituted households tend to be poorer, which is associated with worse behavioural and developmental outcomes. Additionally, there is evidence that non-common children receive less economic support from their parents upon leaving the parental home. Using age-specific deprivation data collected in the 2014 European Survey on Income and Living Conditions this article compares the allocation of resources in reconstituted and intact couple households. It shows that indeed, children in reconstituted households are more likely to be deprived compared to those in intact households. However, it finds no evidence that reconstituted households are less likely to prioritise children. The findings hold across welfare regimes. Women are more likely to go without compared with men, although differences are small.