scholarly journals Imaging ventilation using 19F perfluorinated gas magnetic resonance imaging: strategies for imaging collateral ventilation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Joseph Mammarappallil ◽  
Neil R. MacIntyre ◽  
Kamran Mahmood ◽  
Samantha J. Womack ◽  
H Cecil Charles
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Endobronchial Valve ◽  
Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Collateral Ventilation

Collateral Ventilation (CV) has become an important clinical issue with the increasing use of bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR) using endobronchial valve surgery in patients with severe COPD. The endobronchial valve BLVR procedure often uses one way valves to occlude segmental bronchi in lung regions with severe overinflation resulting from airway narrowing and collapse during exhalation. For BLVR to succeed, CV to the treated region must be minimal or absent. Current approaches to evaluating CV for both planning and follow-up of BLVR procedures involve CT imaging to assess fissure closure. Current techniques to assess regional lung function (including CV) are limited. Standard pulmonary function testing involving analysis of inert gas wash-in/wash-out can only provide statistical distributions without anatomic correlates. Herein we propose the use of fluorine magnetic resonance imaging of biologically inert perfluorinated gas mixed with oxygen to evaluate regional ventilation, in particular, interlobar collateral ventilation. We have evaluated normal subjects and subjects diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and have observed gas transfer at lobar fissures consistent with collateral ventilation.

scholarly journals Diverse cardiopulmonary diseases are associated with distinct xenon magnetic resonance imaging signatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1900831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyi Wang ◽  
Elianna A. Bier ◽  
Aparna Swaminathan ◽  
Kishan Parikh ◽  
John Nouls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Left Heart Failure ◽  
Number Of Patients

BackgroundAs an increasing number of patients exhibit concomitant cardiac and pulmonary disease, limitations of standard diagnostic criteria are more frequently encountered. Here, we apply noninvasive 129Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy to identify patterns of regional gas transfer impairment and haemodynamics that are uniquely associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), left heart failure (LHF) and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsHealthy volunteers (n=23) and patients with COPD (n=8), IPF (n=12), LHF (n=6) and PAH (n=10) underwent 129Xe gas transfer imaging and dynamic spectroscopy. For each patient, three-dimensional maps were generated to depict ventilation, barrier uptake (129Xe dissolved in interstitial tissue) and red blood cell (RBC) transfer (129Xe dissolved in RBCs). Dynamic 129Xe spectroscopy was used to quantify cardiogenic oscillations in the RBC signal amplitude and frequency shift.ResultsCompared with healthy volunteers, all patient groups exhibited decreased ventilation and RBC transfer (both p≤0.01). Patients with COPD demonstrated more ventilation and barrier defects compared with all other groups (both p≤0.02). In contrast, IPF patients demonstrated elevated barrier uptake compared with all other groups (p≤0.007), and increased RBC amplitude and shift oscillations compared with healthy volunteers (p=0.007 and p≤0.01, respectively). Patients with COPD and PAH both exhibited decreased RBC amplitude oscillations (p=0.02 and p=0.005, respectively) compared with healthy volunteers. LHF was distinguishable from PAH by enhanced RBC amplitude oscillations (p=0.01).ConclusionCOPD, IPF, LHF and PAH each exhibit unique 129Xe MRI and dynamic spectroscopy signatures. These metrics may help with diagnostic challenges in cardiopulmonary disease and increase understanding of regional lung function and haemodynamics at the alveolar–capillary level.

scholarly journals Obesity, The Single Most Important Risk Factor for OSA: A Case Report

Pulse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
SMAA Mamun
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Fat Deposits ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Normal Controls

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repetitive airflow reduction caused by collapse of the upper airway during sleep in addition to daytime sleepiness, clinical symptoms include fatigue, insomnia, and snoring. The condition is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cognitive impairment, and metabolic abnormalities.1 Among the risk factors for OSA, obesity is probably the most important. Several studies have consistently found an association between increased body weight and risk of OSA. Tomographic scanned images have shown that obesity causes increased fatty deposits in the pharyngeal area.2 The deposits encroach on the airway and contribute to airway narrowing. Also, among obese patients as compared to normal controls, fat deposits appear to alter the shape of the upper airway without necessarily reducing the cross-sectional area. M. A. Ciscar et al used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate differences between obese and normal controls.2 Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging was used to study the upper airway and surrounding soft tissue in 17 patients with OSA during wakefulness and sleep, and in eight healthy subjects whilst awake. Coronal sections of awake OSA patients showed elliptical-shaped airways with long axes that were oriented anteroposterior; normal controls had airways that were oriented transversely. Studies using computed tomography have produced similar results.14Pulse Vol.10 January-December 2017 p.38-41

scholarly journals In Vivo Monitoring of Inflammation After Cardiac and Cerebral Ischemia by Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Flögel ◽  
Zhaoping Ding ◽  
Hendrik Hardung ◽  
Sebastian Jander ◽  
Gaby Reichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
In Vivo Monitoring ◽  
Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Clinical Perspectives of Hybrid Proton-Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Wolters ◽  
Seyede G. Mohades ◽  
Tilman M. Hackeng ◽  
Mark J. Post ◽  
Marianne E. Kooi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging And Spectroscopy ◽  
Fluorine Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Relationship between structural changes and hyperpolarized gas magnetic resonance imaging in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using computational simulations with realistic alveolar geometry

2009 ◽  
Vol 367 (1896) ◽  
pp. 2347-2369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Plotkowiak ◽  
Kelly Burrowes ◽  
Jan Wolber ◽  
Christopher Buckley ◽  
Robert Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Hyperpolarized Gas ◽  
Hyperpolarized Gas Mri

Both the development of accurate models of lung function and their quantitative validation can be significantly enhanced by the use of functional imaging techniques. The advent of hyperpolarized noble gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology has increased the amount of local, functional information we can obtain from the lung. In particular, application of 3 He to measure apparent diffusion coefficients has enabled some measure of lung microstructure and airspace size within the lung. Models mimicking image acquisition in hyperpolarized gas MRI can improve understanding of the relationship between image findings and lung structure, and can be used to improve the definition of imaging protocols. In this paper, we review the state of the art in hyperpolarized gas MRI modelling. We also present our own results, obtained using a Monte Carlo approach and a realistic alveolar sac geometry, which has previously been applied in functional lung studies. In this way, we demonstrate the potential for models combining lung function and image acquisition, which could provide valuable tools in both basic studies and clinical practice.

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