scholarly journals About the Upper Border of the Кyiv Grivnas Usage

Archaeology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Heorhii Kozubovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Absolute Majority ◽  
Global Catastrophe

The problem of the usage of silver payment ingots (Kyiv grivnas) after the Mongol invasion is analyzed in the article. Such silver ingots are dated by the ХІІ — first half of the ХІІІ c., until the invasion of 1239—1240 by majority of authors. However, historical and numismatic facts testify to the important role, which the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» played in the second half of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» are occasionally among the finds of the beginning of the ХІV c. The weight of most ingots was about 160 g (are kept in the well-known standards — 163,7 g). However, a part of them has the weight of 170—216 g. It was connected with a great extent of rise in price of bread and grain in the middle – second part of the XIII c. The analysis of certain part of grivnas of the «Kyiv type» indicate, that the content of silver in them was very different. Absolute majority of grivnas has high percentage of silver — 900—950/1000. However, the certain part of them has high content of copper and other metals (400 °, 600 °, 750 °, 800 °, 870 °) and also there are present copper grivnas of the «Kyiv type». Part of researchers considers copper grivnas as old or modern false ingots. Several copper grivnas show the presence of silver (4,14 %. 9,80 %). For the grivnas of the «Kyiv type» manufacturing there was used well-quality silver as well alloys with concentrations of copper and other metals. These several grivnas of the «Kyiv type» could be made from billon Byzantine and oriental coins of the XIII c. Copper Byzantine coins of the ХІІ—ХІV c. are fixed in the Eastern Europe among the objects found in hoards and occasionally. A wide distribution of the Byzantine copper coins in Rus gives a testimony to the fact that they intensively were used in the local commerce. Discoveries of copper oriental coins of the middle of the XIII c. have been fixed in Kyiv. Reduction of the silver ingots usage was connected with global catastrophe associated with the invasion of the hordes of Batu Khan and Mongol tribute. However, these facts didn’t cause the complete disappearance of grivnas in the middle of the ХІІІ c. The grivnas of the «Kyiv type» appeared to be the main currency and in the second half of the ХІІІ c. (Mongol tribute, ransoms and etc.) on the certain territory of Eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Wide Distribution and Diversity of Malaria-Related Haemosporidian Parasites (Polychromophilus spp.) in Bats and Their Ectoparasites in Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Attila D. Sándor ◽  
Áron Péter ◽  
Alexandra Corduneanu ◽  
Levente Barti ◽  
István Csősz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Parasite Diversity ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasite ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Host Ecology ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Pcr Targeting

Malaria is responsible for major diseases of humans, while associated haemosporidians are important factors in regulating wildlife populations. Polychromophilus, a haemosporidian parasite of bats, is phylogenetically close to human-pathogenic Plasmodium species, and their study may provide further clues for understanding the evolutionary relationships between vertebrates and malarial parasites. Our aim was to investigate the distribution of Polychromophilus spp. in Eastern Europe and test the importance of host ecology and roost site on haemosporidian parasite infection of bats. We sampled bats and their ectoparasites at eight locations in Romania and Bulgaria. DNA was extracted from blood samples and ectoparasites and tested individually for the presence of DNA of Polychromophilus spp. using a nested PCR targeting a 705 bp fragment of cytB. Two species of Polychromophilus were identified: Po. melanipherus in Miniopterus schreibersii and associated ectoparasites and Po. murinus in rhinolophid and vespertilionid bats (6 species) and their ticks and nycteribiid flies. Only cave-dwelling bat species (and their ectoparasites) showed infections, and we found a strong correlation between infections with Polychromophilus parasites and Nycteribiidae prevalence. We report the high genetic diversity of Polychromophilus spp. in Eastern Europe, suggesting that the simultaneous presence of varied host and vector assemblages enhances bat haemosporidian parasite diversity.

scholarly journals USING SDM FOR MODELING THE POTENTIAL RANGE OF COCHLODINA LAMINATA (GASTROPODA, PULMONATA, CLAUSILIIDAE) IN EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
V.V. Adamova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Ensemble Forecast ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South ◽  
Statistical Indicators

The study presents a model of the potential distribution of the land snail Cochlodina laminata (Clausiliidae), created using the SDM (species distribution modeling) methods. The forecast was made on the basis C. laminata records from GBIF repository. This species has the wide distribution in of this and wide ecological valence in comparison with the most of the european clausilids. Climatic parameters and altitude from the open database WorldClim.org were selected as predictors. For the forecast, the models with the best statistical indicators were selected, and the ensemble forecast procedure was carried out to optimize the results. The result of the ensemble forecast showed that the most suitable for habitat of C. laminata was the territory of Western and Southern Europe. Obviously, the influence of the GBIF records on the result obtained. In addition to the main territory, the potential range also included a number of the British Isles and part of the Jutland Peninsula. To the east of the main part of the potential range, the southern and eastern Black Sea regions were found in the zone with a high suitability for the species. In addition to the main territory of the potential range, which is located in Europe, local areas have been identified in the territory of North and South America, as well as Australia and New Zealand. The points with a high probability of finding the species on other continents are confined to the sea coasts and are extremely few in number. The forecast results are determined not only by the optimal combination of the values of climatic predictors, but also by spatial reference of the initial data. Thus, due to the absence of finds from Eastern Europe in the initial data, the territory of Eastern Europe did not fall into a potentially suitable zone. Thus, the forecast results are determined not only by the optimal combination of the climatic predictors, but also by the initial data. In particular, due to the absence of records on the territory of Eastern Europe in the initial data, this territory was not included in a potentially suitable zone.

scholarly journals Disc Barrows (Hendges) of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-161
Author(s):  
Faifert A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
High Degree

The disc barrows of Eurasia attract the attention of researchers due to the bright discoveries during the study of the famous Stonehenge. This paper is the first to publish data on the presence, location and features of disc barrows on the Lower Don. Several sites have been partially or completely excavated. The poverty or lack of finds showed that the disc barrows should be preserved for future generations of researchers. For the Semikarakorsk complex of four objects, their location is close to the latitudinal and meridional. This indicates with a high degree of probability, that they are used to determine the key dates of the annual cycle. The wide distribution of ring ditch-sanctuaries of the Early Iron Age in the steppe territory of Eastern Europe is described. Keywords: the Lower Don, disc barrows, henge, sanctuary, archeoastronomy, relief, steppe

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Chronology of Complexes With Seima-Turbino Type Objects (Bronze Age) in Southwestern Siberia

Radiocarbon ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 1381-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z V Marchenko ◽  
S V Svyatko ◽  
V I Molodin ◽  
A E Grishin ◽  
M P Rykun
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Southwestern Siberia ◽  
Freshwater Reservoir ◽  
Radiocarbon Chronology ◽  
Burial Grounds

AbstractThis paper discusses the chronology of burial grounds containing specific Seima-Turbino type bronze weaponry (spears, knives, and celts). The “transcultural” Seima-Turbino phenomenon relates to a wide distribution of specific objects found within the sites of different Bronze Age cultures in Eurasia, not immediately related to each other. The majority of the Seima-Turbino objects represent occasional findings, and they are rarely recovered from burial grounds. Here, we present a new set of14C dates from cemeteries in western Siberia, including the key Asian site Rostovka, with the largest number of graves containing Seima-Turbino objects. Currently, the presented database is the most extensive for the Seima-Turbino complexes. The resulting radiocarbon (14C) chronology for the western Siberian sites (22nd–20th centuries cal BC) is older than the existing chronology based on typological analysis (16th–15th centuries BC) and some earlier14C dates for the Seima-Turbino sites in eastern Europe. Another important aspect of this work is14C dating of complexes within specific bronze objects—daggers with figured handles—which some researchers have related to the Seima-Turbino type objects. These items are mostly represented by occasional finds in Central Asia, however, in western Siberia these have been recovered from burials, too. The14C dating attributes these daggers to the end of the 3rd millennium cal BC, suggesting their similar timing to the Seima-Turbino objects. Further research into freshwater reservoir offsets in the region is essential for a more reliable reconstruction of the chronology of the Seima-Turbino phenomenon and the daggers with figured handles.

scholarly journals Penestragania apicalis (Osborn & Ball, 1898) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae, Iassinae) – a new invasive phytophages of honey locust in Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (157) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
V. V. Martynov ◽  
T. V. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Light Trapping ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Honey Locust ◽  
The City

In July 2020, in the course of insect collection by light trapping within the city area of Donetsk, the invasive North American leafhopper Penestragania apicalis (Osborn & Ball, 1898) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) was first recorded for Eastern Europe. This is the third specialized phytophagous species of honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) introduced to Europe. The distribution of P. apicalis within Europe is still not known, this species is most likely to be widespread throughout the places of honey locust cultivation. The main vector of invasion of P. apicalis is unintended introduction with planting material and by way of self -spread of adults. The penetration of another one specialized phytophage of honey locust into the steppe zone of Eastern Europe requires additional researching of its distribution. Registration of P. apicalis at a considerable distance from the previously known habitat indicates its wide distribution in Europe. Since it is difficult to survey the crowns of tall trees, we recommend using light traps as the simplest and most effective method for leafhoppers detecting. The level of species harmfulness in the territory of its natural range and in Euro pe has not been assessed so far; therefore, the organization of work on a detailed study of its ecological and biological characteristics is required. The formation of a multispecies complex of specialized pests can have a negative impact on the plantings of honey locust in the zone of its introduction. In this regard, the state of the P. apicalis population requires constant monitoring along with other invasive phytophages of Gleditsia – leaf gall midge D. gleditchiae and seed-beetle M. dorsalis.

Immune Electron Microscopy (IEM) of a Canine Adeno-Associated Virus

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 256-257
Author(s):  
Gunter F. Thomas ◽  
M. David Hoggan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Immune Electron Microscopy ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Dog Kidney ◽  
Green Monkeys

In 1968, Sugimura and Yanagawa described a small 25 nm virus like particle in association with the Matsuda strain of infectious canine hepatitis virus (ICHV). Domoto and Yanagawa showed that this particle was dependent on ICHV for its replication in primary dog kidney cell cultures (PDK) and was resistant to heating at 70°C for 10 min, and concluded that it was a canine adeno-associated virus (CAAV). Later studies by Onuma and Yanagawa compared CAAV with the known human serotypes (AAV 1, 2, 3) and AAV-4, known to be associated with African Green Monkeys. Using the complement fixation (CF) test, they found that CAAV was serologically related to AAV-3 and had wide distribution in the dog population of Japan.

Transarterial embolization of peripheral arteriovenous malformations with ethylenevinyl alcohol copolymer - feasibility, technical outcomes, and clinical outcomes

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom De Beule ◽  
Jan Vranckx ◽  
Peter Verhamme ◽  
Veerle Labarque ◽  
Marie-Anne Morren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Transarterial Embolization ◽  
Recurrent Bleeding ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Initial Symptoms

Abstract. Background: The technical and clinical outcomes of catheter-directed embolization for peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) using Onyx® (ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer) are not well documented. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the safety, technical outcomes and clinical outcomes of catheter-directed Onyx® embolisation for the treatment of symptomatic peripheral AVMs. Patients and methods: Demographics, (pre-)interventional clinical and radiological data were assessed. Follow-up was based on hospital medical records and telephone calls to the patients’ general practitioners. Radiological success was defined as complete angiographic eradication of the peripheral AVM nidus. Clinical success was defined as major clinical improvement or complete disappearance of the initial symptoms. Results: 25 procedures were performed in 22 patients. The principal indications for treatment were pain (n = 10), limb swelling (n = 6), recurrent bleeding (n = 2), tinnitus (n = 3), and exertional dyspnoea (n = 1). Complete radiological success was obtained in eight patients (36 %); near-complete eradication of the nidus was achieved in the remaining 14 patients. Adjunctive embolic agents were used in nine patients (41 %). Clinical success was observed in 18 patients (82%). Major complications were reported in two patients (9 %). During follow-up, seven patients (32 %) presented with symptom recurrence, which required additional therapy in three patients. Conclusions: Catheter-directed embolisation of peripheral AVMs with Onyx® resulted in major clinical improvement or complete disappearance of symptoms in the vast majority of patients, although complete angiographic exclusion of the AVMs occurred in only a minority of patients.

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