Charging Behaviors of Electric Vehicles Based on Charging Necessity Judgment Model: Effects of Base Charging Existence and Battery Capacity Enlargement

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (11) ◽  
pp. 1357-1367
Author(s):  
Takafumi Maekawa ◽  
Takuya Oda ◽  
Yoko Watanabe ◽  
Muhammad Aziz ◽  
Takao Kashiwagi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Battery Capacity

scholarly journals Use of battery swapping for improving environmental balance and price-performance ratio of electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Environmental Balance ◽  
The One

<p> There is a simple concept that can significantly improve the environmental balance of battery electric vehicles and at the same time avoid the known disadvantages of these vehicles (short range, long charging times, high acquisition costs) without having to wait for further developed batteries or a higher proportion of green electricity. For this purpose, the vehicles are equipped with built-in batteries for short and medium distances and are therefore sufficient for the majority of daily journeys. For long-distance journeys, the driver borrows charged additional battery packs at swapping stations, which are automatically inserted into a standardised exchange slot within a few minutes. This paper focuses on the improvements in electric vehicles that can be achieved by combining built-in and exchangeable battery technique and also on the practical feasibility of the concept. It is shown that the battery capacity required for the entire vehicle fleet can be significantly reduced. The resulting ecological advantages on the one hand and grid-stabilising effects of a nationwide network of swapping stations on the other hand, support the transition to environmentally sustainable mobility. The characteristics of the concept presented are advantageous for its practical implementation. The acceptance by customers and manufacturers can thus be improved compared to previous battery swapping systems. The loan system for the exchange batteries may be designed conveniently and information security as well as data protection will be strictly complied.</p>

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Batteries: An Overview of Recent Literature

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Temporelli ◽  
Maria Leonor Carvalho ◽  
Pierpaolo Girardi
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Life Cycle Assessments ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Automotive Batteries ◽  
Use Phase

In electric and hybrid vehicles Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs), batteries play a central role and are in the spotlight of scientific community and public opinion. Automotive batteries constitute, together with the powertrain, the main differences between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles. For this reason, many decision makers and researchers wondered whether energy and environmental impacts from batteries production, can exceed the benefits generated during the vehicle’s use phase. In this framework, the purpose of the present literature review is to understand how large and variable the main impacts are due to automotive batteries’ life cycle, with particular attention to climate change impacts, and to support researchers with some methodological suggestions in the field of automotive batteries’ LCA. The results show that there is high variability in environmental impact assessment; CO2eq emissions per kWh of battery capacity range from 50 to 313 g CO2eq/kWh. Nevertheless, either using the lower or upper bounds of this range, electric vehicles result less carbon-intensive in their life cycle than corresponding diesel or petrol vehicles.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Routing Problem of Electric and Fuel Vehicles Considering Carbon Trading

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhu Liao ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Jiazhuo Fu
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Routing ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Carbon Trading ◽  
Trading Costs ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
The Impact

In order to explore the impact of using electric vehicles on the cost and environment of logistics enterprises, this paper studies the optimization of vehicle routing problems with the consideration of carbon trading policies. Both the electric vehicle routing model and the traditional fuel vehicle routing model are constructed aiming at minimizing the total costs, which includes the fixed costs of vehicles, depreciation costs, penalty costs for violating customer time window, energy costs and carbon trading costs. Then a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) is proposed to address these two models, the advantages of greedy algorithm and random full permutation are combined to set the initial population, at the same time, the crossover operation is improved to retain the excellent gene fragments effectively and the hill climbing algorithm is embedded to enhance the local search ability of HGA. Furthermore, a case data is used with HGA to carry out computational experiments in these two models and the results indicate that first using electric vehicles for distribution can indeed reduce the carbon emissions, but results in a low customer satisfaction compared with using fuel vehicles. Besides, the battery capacity and charge rate have a great influence on total costs of using electric vehicles. Second, carbon price plays an important role in the transformation of logistics companies. As the carbon price changes, the total costs, carbon trading costs, and carbon emissions of using electric vehicles and fuel vehicles are affected accordingly, yet the trends are different. The changes of carbon quota have nothing to do with the distribution scheme and companies’ transformation but influence the total costs of using electric and fuel vehicles for distribution, and the trends are the same. These reasonable proposals can support the government on carbon trading policy, and also the logistics companies on dealing the relationship between economic and social benefits.

Supply limitations will boost lithium for now

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tenfold Increase ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Vehicle Production ◽  
First Time

Subject Lithium market Significance Lithium consumption by the battery sector is expected to outstrip traditional sources of demand for the first time this year. Over the next three years, around 70% of the increase in incremental demand for lithium is expected to be driven by growth of electric vehicle production. However, after nearly doubling over the last five years, the pace of growth of lithium demand from the consumer-electronics sector is likely to slow. Impacts Several ventures are investigating lithium clay projects as a by-product of geothermal power plants, but these are untested commercially. Many lithium deposits contain harmful materials and research will continue into ways of safely extracting these materials. Lithium-ion battery capacity needs to add 600 gigawatt hours or 60 billion dollars investment to achieve 30% vehicle sector penetration. Beijing has established a new sales target of 7 million electric vehicles for 2025, which would represent a tenfold increase on 2016.

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