Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173
Author(s):  
MEYER A. PERLSTEIN ◽  
EUGENE T. MCDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Motor Center ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Chairman Perlstein: In neuromuscular disabilities there are many problems to consider. However, about half of these comprise that group of diseases we know as cerebral palsy. We will start by orientating ourselves toward cerebral palsy, and in the discussion taking up the question of differential diagnosis and related subjects. Cerebral palsy is not a single disease but a group of conditions which have in common a disorder of the motor system. It can be paralysis, incoordination, tremors or excessive motions, due to involvement of the motor centers of the brain. In other words, palsy and cerebral are defined. The important thing about cerebral is that the motor centers must be involved. If the problem is lack of development because of mental deficiency, you can exclude it. Likewise, spinal palsy, polio, and other causes of motor defects not due to involvement of the motor center are excluded. In schools for children with physical handicaps of all types, about half the children are cerebral palsied. So, from the viewpoint of frequency, cerebral palsy is the most frequent of the disabling conditions. Much confusion exists in the terminology and classification of cerebral palsy. The term "Little's disease" has often been used as a generic term to cover all forms of cerebral palsy. Actually, Little described only one of the many types. Likewise, the term "spastic" is often used by the doctor and laymen to cover all categories. This tendency is conducive to loose thinking. A logical classification of the types of cerebral palsy would help to clarify this confused subject.

SUBDURAL FLUID AS A CONSEQUENCE OF PNEUMOENCEPHALOGRAPHY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-389
Author(s):  
HONOR V. SMITH ◽  
BRONSON CROTHERS
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Cerebral Atrophy ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Subdural Space ◽  
Suitable Treatment ◽  
Superior Longitudinal Sinus ◽  
The Brain

When lumbar or cisternal pneumoencephalography is carried out on children with nonprogressive brain lesions causing mental deficiency, cerebral palsy or epilepsy, air is seen in the subdural space in at least a third of cases. This proportion is much larger in children 2 years of age or under. The roentgenographic appearances of subdural air are described and the importance of not attributing these appearances to cerebral atrophy or hypoplasia is emphasized. In approximately one third of cases in which air enters the subdural space, that is, in from 10% to 15% of all cases, recovery from pneumoencephalography is delayed by the development of signs and symptoms suggesting a rise in intracranial pressure. In such cases fluid can usually be found by needling the subdural space. Typically this fluid is characteristic of that found in subdural hematoma. There is no evidence that such a collection of fluid was present before pneumoencephalography. It is therefore suggested that as air enters the subdural space and the brain falls away from the dura, vessels may be torn as they cross this space to reach the superior longitudinal sinus, with the formation of what may be termed subdural hematoma artefacta. Although the incidence of this complication is moderately high, its effects are seldom serious, provided the situation is appreciated and suitable treatment given. The length of time the child spends in the hospital is, however, often greatly prolonged and occasionally operation proves necessary for removal of a subdural membrane. Since the subdural hematoma is an artefact occurring in the course of treatment, its removal does not influence the ultimate prognosis.

scholarly journals GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA PENDERITA CEREBRAL PALSY SEBUAH KAJIAN LINGUISTIK KLINIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Agus Syahid
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Motor Center ◽  
The People ◽  
Children With Cerebral Palsy ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Motor Disturbances

This study describes language disorders in the people with cerebral palsy and what kind of treatments to people with cerebral palsy related to language disorders. Cerebral palsy is a series of disorders with problems regulating muscle movements where it is as a result of some damage to the motor centers in the brain. Damage to the motor center in the brain that causes cerebral palsy can occur prenatal (before birth), perinatal (during the birth), or even postnatal (immediately after birth). There are several main problems that are often found and faced by children with cerebral palsy, they are: (1) difficulty in eating and swallowing caused by motor disturbances in the mouth, (2) difficulty in speaking, (3) difficulty in hearing, and (4) language disorders.

scholarly journals Expert consensus statement to guide research into evidence-based classification of athletes for Para-Taekwondo -- A Delphi study

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Select Group ◽  
Research Initiatives

Background and Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate various issues surrounding participation in Para-Taekwondo Kyorugi (sparring), with the aim of focusing on future research initiatives to improve the classification system and safety for participation in Para-Taekwondo. Material and Methods: For this, a series of online questionnaires and in-person round-table discussions were conducted prior to the World Para-Taekwondo Championships (Antalya, Turkey, 2019), with a final online questionnaire thereafter. A select group of experts, such as athletes, coaches, administrators, classifiers, and athletes were invited to partake, with the main outcome measures being the expert opinions and ranking of importance for research into issues affecting Para Taekwondo athletes. Results: The results of the discuss provide suggestions and opinions for the following areas are provided for the aim of classification, minimum impairment criteria, fairness of classes, combination of classes, competition time, mixing of different impairments, safety of cerebral palsy athletes, weight classes, gender differences, intentional misrepresentation, personal protectors, time for re-classification, and research priorities. Conclusion: The most prevalent issue highlighted was the concern for athlete safety, especially for the K44 class, which has a mixture of neurological impairments, i.e. an athlete with mild cerebral palsy (CP) competing against an athlete with an amputation. Furthermore, on the issue of safety, developing protectors for athletes was another key issue raised. Therefore, in the future, we can strongly recommend research initiatives to examine the safety of athletes with various impairment types in the same class, and the development of protectors for Para Taekwondo athletes.

Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425
Author(s):  
ARTHUR J. HORESH ◽  
W. AMBROSE MCGEE ◽  
M. G. PETERMAN ◽  
W. EUGENE KEITER ◽  
JAMES G. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Organic Basis ◽  
Sleep Habit ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
Table Discussion ◽  
Childhood Problems ◽  
Degree Of Sensitization ◽  
The Many

Chairman Horesh: For many years the Academy round table discussions have been on the commonly known allergic conditions in infants and children such as asthma, hay fever and eczema. These allergic diseases have now become familiar and are easily recognized by all pediatricians. In this round table discussion we will present conditions less commonly recognized as having an allergic etiology. It is now generally known that any organ or group of organs may be involved in an allergic reaction. The symptoms will depend upon the tissues sensitized, the degree of sensitization and the nature and amount of the allergen present. Investigations during the past decade have revealed an allergic basis for various well known clinical entities for which no clearcut etiologic background had been found. Every pediatrician is plagued by a host of complaints from parents about conditions which are extremely common, yet he can find little or nothing concerning their cause. Such conditions as poor appetite, disturbed sleep, habit spasms, nervous disorders, irritability, headache, stomach ache, frequent colds, poor resistance to infections, diarrhea, constipation, skin rashes, bed wetting and behaviour problems are only a few of the many problems which face the pediatrician with a private practice. Occasionally an organic basis is found for the symptoms but much too frequently "nothing is found." Thus for many of these problems the pediatrician has had very little to offer other than the old familiar phrase "he will outgrow it." It is our purpose to alert the physician to the possibilities of allergic etiology and to demonstrate that much can be done for many of these childhood problems if the essential fundamentals of allergic knowledge are kept in mind.

THE HANDICAPPED CHILD

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
M. A. PERLSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Pyramidal Tract ◽  
Handicapped Child ◽  
Clinical Pictures ◽  
The Brain

There is a great deal of correlation between the various types of clinical pictures seen in cerebral palsy and the etiologic factors. Thus there are certain noxae which have a predilection for certain portions of the brain. Anoxia tends to attack the extrapyramidal tract system, whereas hemorrhages tend to attack primarily the pyramidal tract. Thus, one can often prognosticate on the basis of history the clinical pictures which are found. A classification of the various types of cerebral palsy can thus be based either upon an etiologic basis or upon a clinical basis. [see table 1 in source pdf]

A Hybrid Tumour Detection and Classification Based on Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2539-2544
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Lilhore ◽  
Sarita Simaiya ◽  
Devendra Prasad ◽  
Kalpna Guleria
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Hybrid Machine ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Brain

Every excess tissue or impaired production of brain tissue in the human embryo is known as something of a tumor. Inside the brain, there may have been a tumor or any other orifice. Recognition of tumors and proper treatment at all times are still a difficult challenge. MRI devices are used mostly for the identification of specific tumors. MRI technologies are most often used for either the identification of specific tumors. Use artificial intelligence, medical diagnosis by imaging and machine learning is considered one of the many important issues for systems. Brain tumor evaluation generally requires greater accuracy, although small differences in assessment may turn to hazards. Because of this, the segmentation of both the tumor is a serious medical obstacle. Here proposed work introduces a hybrid machine learning-based tumor detection system (HMLBTD) for MR frames. The Fuzzy C-Means and K-Means Clustering Composite Clustering methodology have been used by the proposed HMLBTD frameworks and subsequently improved the classification of SVM and classification of normal and abnormal tumors. Across clustering, throughout order to achieve statistically valid performance, HMLBTD incorporates Fuzzy C-Means hybrid versions to achieve precision and K-means through segmentation. Throughout the second clustering step, HMLBTD employs Enhanced SVM (and use the ADA-boost framework with SVM) As well as the suggested HMLBTD strategy and also the proposed solution being implemented by utilizing different performance descriptive statistics using the MATLAB framework. An experimental study demonstrates that HMLBTD’s novel approach delivers higher yields than those of the traditional methods.

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