INCIDENCE OF CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS IN RELATION TO PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TONSILS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-111
Author(s):  
F. H. Top
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Clinical Type ◽  
Composite Study

A study of patients from a largely rural area in Iowa corroborates the evidence of many previous studies that bulbar and bulbospinal types of poliomyelitis occur more commonly in persons whose tonsils have been removed irrespective of the time in life the operation was performed. The tonsillectomy rate for all cases was the lowest encountered thus far. Agreement is not on the same level as noted in the author's Detroit composite study previously reported, and is more marked for bulbospinal than for the bulbar type of poliomyelitis (some studies combine bulbar and bulbospinal cases). Adjustment for age reduces differences between cases with tonsils absent and tonsils present by clinical type and further strengthens the finding of Paffenbarger and of the author's Detroit composite study that age must be reckoned with in an assessment of the problem. Incidence of paralyses of cranial nerves by tonsillectomy status is similar to the Detroit composite study in the case of palatal and pharyngeal paralyses but less strongly; incidence of paralysis of the facial nerve is dissimilar.

INCIDENCE OF CRANIAL NERVE PARALYSIS IN POLIOMYELITIS IN RELATION TO PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF TONSILS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-105
Author(s):  
F. H. Top
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Real Difference ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Common

Evidence is presented from data covering the period 1940 to 1952 which corroborates the conclusion of previous studies that prior tonsillectomy probably adversely affects the occurrence of brainstem paralysis (bulbar and bulbospinal) in poliomyelitis. Neither this study nor any preceding studies relating to this problem have proved the contention. On the basis that the hypothesis is correct, an attempt is made to find an answer by studying the incidence of the common paralysis of cranial nerves (VII, IX and X and XI) in bulbar and bulbospinal cases of poliomyelitis on the basis of presence or absence of tonsils. Rates of incidence of paralysis of cranial nerves, not adjusted for age, indicate a decidedly higher proportion of paralysis of the facial nerve (VII) among nontonsillectomized patients whereas tonsillectomized persons are preportionately more affected by palatal and pharyngeal paralysis (nerves IX and X). Paralysis of the facial nerve appears from two studies to occur more commonly at earlier ages, particularly in the age group 0 to 4 years. However, age adjustment did not erase, although it did somewhat lower, the TR/TP ratio. This finding lends credence to a real difference but can only be applied to this study, as Paffenbarger in a smaller study found no significant difference in frequencies of paralysis of the facial nerve between groups with tonsils removed and tonsils present, and Southcott, also in a small study, found paralysis of the facial nerve more common among tonsillectomized patients with bulbar (includes bulbospinal) involvement. The differences noted for palatal and pharyngeal paralyses (nerves IX and X) in the unadjusted rates as between tonsillectomized and nontonsillectomized patients remain statistically different and in some instances significant when corrections for age are made. The results of this study are suggestive but give no entirely satisfactory explanation for the differences noted. Various explanations previously offered are cited and briefly discussed. Perhaps more definitive studies in animals along the approach suggested by Southcott will prove more fruitful, namely, labelling virus by some radioactive element in order to trace the route it takes to the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Jugular foramen tumors: diagnosis and treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Ramina ◽  
Joao Jarney Maniglia ◽  
Yvens Barbosa Fernandes ◽  
Jorge Rizzato Paschoal ◽  
Leopoldo Nizan Pfeilsticker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Great Auricular Nerve ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
Nerve Anastomosis

Object Jugular foramen tumors are rare skull base lesions that present diagnostic and complex management problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a series of patients with jugular foramen tumors who were surgically treated in the past 16 years, and to analyze the surgical technique, complications, and outcomes. Methods The authors retrospectively studied 102 patients with jugular foramen tumors treated between January 1987 and May 2004. All patients underwent surgery with a multidisciplinary method combining neurosurgical and ear, nose, and throat techniques. Preoperative embolization was performed for paragangliomas and other highly vascularized lesions. To avoid postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage and to improve cosmetic results, the surgical defect was reconstructed with specially developed vascularized flaps (temporalis fascia, cervical fascia, sternocleidomastoid muscle, and temporalis muscle). A saphenous graft bypass was used in two patients with tumor infiltrating the internal carotid artery (ICA). Facial nerve reconstruction was performed with grafts of the great auricular nerve or with 12th/seventh cranial nerve anastomosis. Residual malignant and invasive tumors were irradiated after partial removal. The most common tumor was paraganglioma (58 cases), followed by schwannomas (17 cases) and meningiomas (10 cases). Complete excision was possible in 45 patients (77.5%) with paragangliomas and in all patients with schwannomas. The most frequent and also the most dangerous surgical complication was lower cranial nerve deficit. This deficit occurred in 10 patients (10%), but it was transient in four cases. Postoperative facial and cochlear nerve paralysis occurred in eight patients (8%); spontaneous recovery occurred in three of them. In the remaining five patients the facial nerve was reconstructed using great auricular nerve grafts (three cases), sural nerve graft (one case), and hypoglossal/facial nerve anastomosis (one case). Four patients (4%) experienced postoperative CSF leakage, and four (4.2%) died after surgery. Two of them died of aspiration pneumonia complicated with septicemia. Of the remaining two, one died of pulmonary embolism and the other of cerebral hypoxia caused by a large cervical hematoma that led to tracheal deviation. Conclusions Paragangliomas are the most common tumors of the jugular foramen region. Surgical management of jugular foramen tumors is complex and difficult. Radical removal of benign jugular foramen tumors is the treatment of choice, may be curative, and is achieved with low mortality and morbidity rates. Larger lesions can be radically excised in one surgical procedure by using a multidisciplinary approach. Reconstruction of the skull base with vascularized myofascial flaps reduces postoperative CSF leaks. Postoperative lower cranial nerves deficits are the most dangerous complication.

Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin in Cranial Nerve Paralysis due to Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Ozge Ilhan-Sarac ◽  
Hande Taylan Sekeroglu ◽  
Ali Sefik Sanac ◽  
Enis Ozyar ◽  
Cumhur Sener
Keyword(s):  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis

Nasopharyngeal Mucormycotic Osteitis: A New Syndrome Characterized by Initial Presentation of Multiple Cranial Nerve Palsies

1980 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamdouh S. Bahna ◽  
Paul H. Ward ◽  
Horst R. Konrad
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Eighth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Cranial Nerve Palsies ◽  
Base Of The Skull ◽  
Multiple Cranial Nerve

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis, a highly lethal fungal infection of the head and neck, is commonly recognized by its classic appearance. Two cases of this newly recognized clinical syndrome with isolated unilateral peripheral cranial nerve V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII palsies and initial sparing of the eighth cranial nerve are presented. Examination revealed that each patient had ulceration of the nasopharynx and osteitis of the base of the skull. Nose, orbits, paranasal sinuses, and intracranial nervous systems were initially spared. The cause of this obscure cranial nerve paralysis was diagnosed from biopsy specimens of the nasopharyngeal tissues and the demonstration of nonseptate hyphae. Review of the literature did not indicate that this syndrome had previously been recognized. The name nasopharyngeal mucormycotic osteitis is suggested.

Incidence of cranial nerve palsy after preoperative embolization of glomus jugulare tumors using Onyx

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon G. Gaynor ◽  
Mohamed Samy Elhammady ◽  
Daniel Jethanamest ◽  
Simon I. Angeli ◽  
Mohammad A. Aziz-Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Transarterial Embolization ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
Preoperative Embolization ◽  
Facial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Lower Cranial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
Cranial Nerve Dysfunction

Object The resection of glomus jugulare tumors can be challenging because of their inherent vascularity. Preoperative embolization has been advocated as a means of reducing operative times, blood loss, and surgical complications. However, the incidence of cranial neuropathy associated with the embolization of these tumors has not been established. The authors of this study describe their experience with cranial neuropathy following transarterial embolization of glomus jugulare tumors using ethylene vinyl alcohol (Onyx, eV3 Inc.). Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed all cases of glomus jugulare tumors that had been treated with preoperative embolization using Onyx at their institution in the period from 2006 to 2012. Patient demographics, clinical presentation, grade and amount of Onyx used, degree of angiographic devascularization, and procedural complications were recorded. Results Over a 6-year period, 11 patients with glomus jugulare tumors underwent preoperative embolization with Onyx. All embolization procedures were completed in one session. The overall mean percent of tumor devascularization was 90.7%. No evidence of nontarget embolization was seen on postembolization angiograms. There were 2 cases (18%) of permanent cranial neuropathy attributed to the embolization procedures (facial nerve paralysis and lower cranial nerve dysfunction). Conclusions Embolizing glomus jugulare tumors with Onyx can produce a dramatic reduction in tumor vascularity. However, the intimate anatomical relationship and overlapping blood supply between these tumors and cranial nerves may contribute to a high incidence of cranial neuropathy following Onyx embolization.

Transient Sixth Cranial Nerve Paralysis in the Newborn Infant

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. de Grauw ◽  
J. Rotteveel ◽  
J. R. Cruysberg
Keyword(s):  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Sixth Cranial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis

SC phocomelia syndrome, premature centromere separation, and congenital cranial nerve paralysis in two sisters, one with malignant melanoma

1986 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 653-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilys M. Parry ◽  
John J. Mulvihill ◽  
Shien Tsai ◽  
Muriel I. Kaiser-Kupfer ◽  
Janet M. Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Cranial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Cranial Nerve Paralysis

Hypoglossal-Facial Nerve Anastomosis: A Meta-Analytic Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (7) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sertac Yetiser ◽  
Ugur Karapinar
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Facial Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Nerve Function ◽  
Facial Nerve Function ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Nerve Paralysis ◽  
Nerve Anastomosis

Objectives: A meta-analysis was conducted on the outcome of facial nerve function after hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis in humans. The roles of the timing of and the underlying cause for surgery, the type of the repair, and previous facial nerve function in the final result were analyzed. Methods: Articles were identified by means of a PubMed search using the key words “facial-hypoglossal anastomosis,” which yielded 109 articles. The data were pooled from existing literature written in English or French. Twenty-three articles were included in the study after we excluded those that were technical reports, those describing anastomosis to cranial nerves other than the hypoglossal, and those that were experimental animal studies. Articles that reported facial nerve function after surgery and timing of repair were included. Facial nerve function had to be reported according to the House-Brackmann scale. If there was more than 1 article by the same author(s), only the most recent article and those that did not overlap and that matched the above criteria were accepted. The main parameter of interest was the rate of functional recovery of the facial nerve after anastomosis. This parameter was compared among all groups with Pearson's X2 test in the SPSS program for Windows. Statistical significance was set at a p level of less than .05. Results: Analysis of the reports indicates that early repair, before 12 months, provides a better outcome. The severity of facial nerve paralysis does not have a negative effect on prognosis. Gunshot wounds and facial neuroma are the worst conditions for favorable facial nerve recovery after anastomosis. Transection of the hypoglossal nerve inevitably results in ipsilateral tongue paralysis and atrophy. Modification of the anastomosis technique seems to resolve this problem. Nevertheless, the effect of modified techniques on facial reanimation is still unclear, because the facial nerve function results were lacking in these reports. Conclusions: Hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis is an effective and reliable technique that gives consistent and satisfying results.

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