Trivalent Oral Polio Vaccine: Disappointing Results

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 632-633
Author(s):  
Shanti Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Tropical Countries ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Baby Clinic

I was interested to read the paper on trivalent oral polio virus vaccine trials by Hardy and colleagues in your journal of March 1970,1 which reached here only recently. It prompts me to state the results we have achieved in the babies attending the Well Baby Clinic, who received three doses of trivalent oral polio vaccine at 4 to 6 weeks interval beginning at 3 to 6 months of age.2 Our results are disappointing and compare with the results achieved in some other tropical countries, particularly Nigeria.

Polio Vaccination in Developing Countries

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-668
Author(s):  
Roy E. Brown ◽  
Michael Katz
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Polio Vaccination

We have recently come across the Letter to the Editor from Dr. Shanti Ghosh,1 commenting on the trivalent oral polio virus vaccine trials reported by Hardy, et al. in Pediatrics.2 Although 96 to 100% of infants demonstrated satisfactory levels of immunity in Hardy's group, using a microneutralization titer technique, Dr. Ghosh describes disappointing results in children in India and Nigeria as indicated by low seroconversion rates, as well as very low enterovirus excretion rate in pre- and postimmunization specimens (7.8%).

scholarly journals Preventing Polio Post-Eradication: Elucidating Polio Virus Shedding and Transmission Patterns in the Presence of Inactivated Polio Vaccine and Oral Polio Vaccine

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clea C. Sarnquist ◽  
Lourdes Garcia-Gacia ◽  
Leticia Ferreyra Reyes ◽  
Rogelio Montero-Campos ◽  
Luis Pablo Cruz-Hervert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Insidious reintroduction of wild poliovirus into Israel, 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (38) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Anis ◽  
E Kopel ◽  
S R Singer ◽  
E Kaliner ◽  
L Moerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Polio Virus ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Southern District ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Health Organization

Israel was certified as polio-free country in June 2002, along with the rest of the World Health Organization European Region. Some 11 years later, wild-type polio virus 1 (WPV1) was isolated initially from routine sewage samples collected between 7 and 13 April 2013 in two cities in the Southern district. WPV1-specific analysis of samples indicated WPV1 introduction into that area in early February 2013. National supplementary immunisation with oral polio vaccine has been ongoing since August 2013.

Towards Polio Eradication in Nigeria: Identifying at Risk Population for Low Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) Uptake

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 137 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 389A-389A
Author(s):  
Oluyemisi O. Falope ◽  
Korede K. Adegoke ◽  
Chukwudi O. Ejiofor ◽  
Nnadozie C. Emechebe ◽  
Taiwo O Talabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Polio Eradication ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals The case for replacing live oral polio vaccine with inactivated vaccine in the Americas

The Lancet ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 395 (10230) ◽  
pp. 1163-1166
Author(s):  
Jorge A Alfaro-Murillo ◽  
Marí L Ávila-Agüero ◽  
Meagan C Fitzpatrick ◽  
Caroline J Crystal ◽  
Luiza-Helena Falleiros-Arlant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Polio Vaccine

scholarly journals Inferring Numbers of Wild Poliovirus Excretors Using Quantitative Environmental Surveillance

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Yuri Perepliotchikov ◽  
Tomer Ziv-Baran ◽  
Musa Hindiyeh ◽  
Yossi Manor ◽  
Danit Sofer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Polio Vaccine ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Environmental Surveillance ◽  
Wild Poliovirus ◽  
Polio Vaccine ◽  
Kinetic Information ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Response to and monitoring of viral outbreaks can be efficiently focused when rapid, quantitative, kinetic information provides the location and the number of infected individuals. Environmental surveillance traditionally provides information on location of populations with contagious, infected individuals since infectious poliovirus is excreted whether infections are asymptomatic or symptomatic. Here, we describe development of rapid (1 week turnaround time, TAT), quantitative RT-PCR of poliovirus RNA extracted directly from concentrated environmental surveillance samples to infer the number of infected individuals excreting poliovirus. The quantitation method was validated using data from vaccination with bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV). The method was then applied to infer the weekly number of excreters in a large, sustained, asymptomatic outbreak of wild type 1 poliovirus in Israel (2013) in a population where >90% of the individuals received three doses of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). Evidence-based intervention strategies were based on the short TAT for direct quantitative detection. Furthermore, a TAT shorter than the duration of poliovirus excretion allowed resampling of infected individuals. Finally, the method documented absence of infections after successful intervention of the asymptomatic outbreak. The methodologies described here can be applied to outbreaks of other excreted viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where there are (1) significant numbers of asymptomatic infections; (2) long incubation times during which infectious virus is excreted; and (3) limited resources, facilities, and manpower that restrict the number of individuals who can be tested and re-tested.

scholarly journals Ebola virus vaccine trials: the ethical mandate for a therapeutic safety net

BMJ ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 349 (dec10 5) ◽  
pp. g7518-g7518 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Bellan ◽  
J. R. C. Pulliam ◽  
J. Dushoff ◽  
L. A. Meyers
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Therapeutic Safety
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