Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-469
Author(s):  
Peter A. M. Auld ◽  
Alfred N. Krauss ◽  
David B. Klain
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing

The recent enthusiastic report of the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prompts us to report our own experience with this method of therapy in infants with severe hyaline membrane disease. In 1968, four severely affected infants with hyaline membrane disease were treated with CPAP. The therapy was undertaken in infants whose clinical course was deteriorating under intermittent positive pressure breathing. The CPAP was applied by a negative pressure chamber that enclosed a child's chest, abdomen, and lower extremities.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Hyaline Membrane Disease

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-142
Author(s):  
Claude Marchal ◽  
Philippe Leveau ◽  
Yves Genet
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Mechanical Procedure

It is possible to employ the isolette incubator-respirator for application of a constant negative pressure (CNP) without the modification described by Vidyasagar. The solenoid valve is blocked in "up position" by a simple mechanical procedure which is easily reversible. Tank is employed in "incubator position." The motor driven vacuum is then acting continuously and creates CNP. Several applications of this method envisioned by us have been practiced on 20 infants. 1. It is a useful adjunct at oxygen therapy in hyaline membrane disease (HMD).

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION IN HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE: THE USE OF POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE AND CONTINUOUS POSITIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-640
Author(s):  
Niloufer Cumarasamy ◽  
Rosmarie Nüssli ◽  
Dieter Vischer ◽  
Peter H. Dangel ◽  
Gabriel V. Duc
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Hyaline Membrane

During the years 1969, 1970, and 1971, 120 infants with hyaline membrane disease were studied, of whom 71 were treated with artificial ventilation. Among other changes in 1971, positive end-expiratory pressure was applied during mechanical ventilation and continuous positive airway pressure maintained during the weaning period. The survival rate of the ventilated babies increased from 23% in the preceding two years to 70% in 1971. As this study is not a controlled trial, the observed increase in survival cannot be ascribed to the application of increased airway pressure alone. The data presented, though necessarily inconclusive, may be useful for continuing comparisons with other pediatric centers.

Thoracic Transillumination: Aid in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumopericardium

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eresvita E. Cabatu ◽  
Edwin G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Pericardial Tamponade ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
Hyaline Membrane ◽  
Life Threatening

A frequent complication of continuous positive airway pressure and mechanical ventilation used to treat neonates who have hyaline membrane disease and other forms of respiratory distress is an air leak from alveolar rupture. Pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum are common. Pneumopericardium does not occur often, but it can be life-threatening if it produces acute cardiac tamponade. In a review of the literature, Brans and associates1 found that pneumopericardium in neonates was treated by pericardiocentesis in one half of the published cases; 79% of them survived or they ultimately died of complications unrelated to pericardial tamponade. However, only 32% of the infants treated conservatively survived.

scholarly journals Use of early nasal continuous positive airway pressure in preterm neonates with hyaline membrane disease (neonatal respiratory distress syndrome)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
R. D. M. Suresh Reddy ◽  
Seshagiri Koripadu ◽  
Harischandra Venkata Yanamandala
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Hyaline Membrane Disease ◽  
Nasal Cpap ◽  
Antenatal Steroids ◽  
Hyaline Membrane

Background: In developing countries like ours, there is high burden of prematurity and sub-optimal use of antenatal steroid administration resulting infrequent hyaline membrane disease (HMD).Methods: A total 50 cases of clinically diagnosed HMD with gestational age between 28-34 weeks admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (ICU). 50 babies were treated with early nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (within 6 hours of onset of respiratory distress).Results: Incidence of prematurity was 12.42%. Incidence of HMD observed between gestational ages of 28-34 weeks is 3.2%. Out of total 50 babies who were managed with early nasal CPAP, it proved effective in 40 babies (80%), remaining 10 babies (20%) had to be intubated and required ventilation. Out of 10 babies who required ventilation 90% of the babies were less than 32 weeks gestation age; remaining 10% were between 33-34 weeks. Analysis of these results showed that outcome is better with increased gestational age (p<0.005). Out of 10 babies who failed 80% were <1500 g and remaining 20% above 1500 g. We found significant improvement (p<0.005) in SA score after application of nasal CPAP. Babies on CPAP had significant improvement in oxygenation (p<0.05). A success rate of 93.1% observed in moderate grade HMD (p<0.005). Out of 10 babies who failed on nasal CPAP, 80% of them had severe grade HMD and 20% showed moderate HMD. A success rate of 92.86% was found in babies of mothers who had received antenatal steroids and 63.63% of babies whose mothers had not received antenatal steroids improved with early nasal CPAP (p<0.05).Conclusions: Nasal CPAP is found to be effective in babies of mothers who had received antenatal steroids. Nasal CPAP is safe, inexpensive and effective means of respiratory support in HMD. Use of early nasal CPAP which is simple, non-invasive, has low capital outlay and does not require expertise, is the option for us where most places cannot provide invasive ventilation.

scholarly journals Positive Airway Pressure at Extubation Minimizes Subglottic Secretion Leak In Vitro

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
Tzu-Pei Wang ◽  
Hsin-Hsien Li ◽  
Hui-Ling Lin
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Negative Pressure ◽  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Airway Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Subglottic Secretion ◽  
Pressure Setting ◽  
Lower Volume

Accumulated secretion above the endotracheal tube cuff can be aspirated during extubation after deflation. The possible techniques for minimizing pulmonary aspiration from subglottic secretion during extubation have not been well explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of different extubation techniques on secretion leakage. An endotracheal tube was placed in a tube mimicking an airway. We measured the leak volume of water or artificial sputum of different viscosities with three extubation techniques—negative pressure with suctioning; positive pressure with a resuscitator; and continuous positive airway pressure set at 5, 10, and 20 cm H2O. Extubation with continuous positive airway pressure resulted in lower secretion leakage than that with negative pressure with suctioning and positive pressure with a resuscitator. Increasing the continuous positive airway pressure level decreased secretion leakage volume during extubation. We further determined a correlation of leak volume with sputum viscosity. Continuous positive airway pressure at 5 cm H2O produced lower volume secretion leakage than the other two techniques, even with higher secretion viscosity. Based on these results, using continuous positive airway pressure with a previous ventilator continuous positive airway pressure/positive end-expiratory pressure setting for extubation is recommended.

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