IS ERROR FRAUD?
Prof. David Baltimore of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is under attack by Representative John Dingell of Michigan. Why should anyone outside of the Government or basic biomedical research care? Dr. Baltimore's reputation is at stake, but the rest of us will be affected by the outcome of these investigations as well. What has come under a legislative cloud for the first time in a very long time, perhaps ever in this country, is the legitimacy of the scientific method itself. This is an immediate and serious threat to science and medicine. The N.I.H. will have the last word on Dr. Baltimore's published research. But as I understand the Congressman's case, it is that published science must be free of error, and that error itself indicates bad faith and fraudulent intent. This is wrong. Published error is at the heart of any real science. We scientists love to do experiments that show our colleagues to be wrong and, if they are any good, they love to show us to be wrong in turn. By this adversarial process, science reveals the way nature actually works. If we as a country make science a field for only those who enjoy a good lawsuit, we will have shut the door on our future as a technologically serious nation. Clearly Congress cannot wish to do this. I would welcome a Congressional initiative to deal with fraud as such, but I fear that the way Dr. Baltimore is being treated means that witch-hunts are in the offing.