Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-801
Author(s):  
Clifton T. Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Asthma is "inflammatory airway disease." However, additional characteristics are necessary to distinguish asthma from other inflammatory airway diseases, such as infectious bronchitis and pneumonia (infectious and toxic). These additional characteristics are at least partial reversibility of airway obstruction and increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. Thus, "infectious bronchitis" and "allergic bronchitis" are specific for those children who do not have reversible obstruction and hyperresponsiveness to other factors that can trigger obstruction. Wheezing is not necessarily a symptom shared in common among these airway diseases.

Novel Aspects of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/insulin Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (42) ◽  
pp. 7256-7263
Author(s):  
Wenjing Ruan ◽  
Jing Deng ◽  
Kejing Ying
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Igf1 Receptor ◽  
Insight Into

At least a proportion of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory airway diseases respond poorly to the bronchodilator and corticosteroid therapies. There is a need for the development of improved anti-inflammatory treatment. Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin participate in not only metabolism and glucose homeostasis, but also many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including growth and inflammation. Recently, it was shown that not only the classical IGF1 and IGF1 Receptor (IGF1R), but also the other molecules in the IGF1/insulin network, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP protease, have roles in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into recent endeavors devoted to the role of the IGF1/insulin network in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Its participation in airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR), as well as acute exacerbation, has been conclusively demonstrated. Its possible relation to glucocorticoid insensitivity has also been indicated. A better understanding of the IGF1/insulin network by further bench-to-bedside research may provide us with rational clinical therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

scholarly journals Spi2 gene polymorphism is not associated with recurrent airway obstruction and inflammatory airway disease in thoroughbred horses

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-458
Author(s):  
Aline Correa da Silva ◽  
Karin Erica Brass ◽  
Elgion da Silva Loreto ◽  
Myriam Elizabeth Vinocur ◽  
Ricardo Pozzobon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

scholarly journals Equine astma: huidige kennis van zaken

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
L. M. Verhaeghe ◽  
L. Lefère ◽  
A. Dufourni ◽  
E. Paulussen ◽  
G. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gevolgd Door ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Equine astma is de overkoepelende term voor een inflammatoir proces ter hoogte van de diepere luchtwegen. Deze aandoening wordt verder onderverdeeld in lichte tot matige astma, beter bekend als “inflammatory airway disease” (IAD), en ernstige astma, beter bekend als “recurrent airway obstruction” (RAO). RAO veroorzaakt inflammatie en obstructie van de diepe luchtwegen, wat leidt tot chronische hoest, verhoogde ademhalingsinspanning in rust en inspanningsintolerantie, meestal bij paarden ouder dan zeven jaar. IAD daarentegen kan op elke leeftijd voorkomen en de klinische tekenen zijn vaak veel subtieler, namelijk verminderd presteren en occasioneel hoesten. Equine astma wordt voornamelijk getriggerd door een hoge concentratie aan stof en schimmelsporen in de stalomgeving of pollen tijdens de zomermaanden in het geval van “summer pasture associated” RAO (SPARAO). De gouden standaard om equine astma te diagnosticeren is het uitvoeren van een endoscopie, gevolgd door een broncho-alveolaire lavage (BAL). Het aanpassen van de omgeving is en blijft de belangrijkste behandelingsmethode, vaak in combinatie met het tijdelijk toedienen van corticosteroïden en bronchodilatatoren.

Usefulness of the assessment of discharge accumulation in the lower airways and tracheal septum thickening in the differential diagnosis of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in the horse

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Wysocka ◽  
W. Kluciński
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Tracheal Lumen ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
Tracheal Bifurcation

Abstract The aim of the present study was to use endoscopic evaluation to compare the grade of accumulation of discharge in the lower airways of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) and inflammatory airway disease (IAD), and to estimate the usefulness of endoscopic evaluation in differential diagnosis of these diseases. Endoscopic evaluation consists of: the amount of discharge in the lower part of the trachea and tracheal bifurcation, and the assessment of tracheal septum thickness. This study was performed on 248 horses, 10 were healthy, 97 were diagnosed as RAO, and 141 were diagnosed as IAD. In all animals both a clinical and endoscopic examination were performed. During endoscopy, a score of mucus accumulation was estimated in 3/4 lower of the trachea and in the tracheal bifurcation. In addition to this, thickening of the tracheal septum was also assessed. According to the results of this study, it was estimated that the accumulation of mucus in the lower airways was much more advanced in RAO horses compared to horses with IAD. In horses with RAO there was a marked thickening of the tracheal septum compared to IAD horses. The results indicate the efficacy of scoring the amount of mucus in the tracheal lumen and tracheal bifurcation, as well as the efficacy of the assessment of tracheal septum thickness in the diagnosis of these diseases

scholarly journals Investigation of respiratory disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses training at the Brazilian Jockey Club

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Rebouças Pires ◽  
Maria Fernanda de Mello Costa ◽  
Marcia Torres Ramos ◽  
Anna Paula Balesdent Barreira ◽  
José Renato Junqueira Borges
Keyword(s):  
Airway Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Tracheal Mucus ◽  
Tracheal Aspiration ◽  
Jockey Club

ABSTRACT: Athletic horses need to maintain healthy airways for optimal performance. This study investigated the presence of respiratory problems in apparently healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in training. According to the Revised Consensus Statement on Inflammatory Airway Diseases of Horses (2016), determining the prevalence of respiratory disorders in different equine populations is fundamental for understanding these diseases. In total, 72 clinically sound Thoroughbred racehorses, in training at the Brazilian Jockey Club (JCB), were initially examined using interpleural pressure measurement by ventigraphy and respiratory endoscopy. When secretions were present in the airways, transendoscopic tracheal aspiration was performed, and the sample was sent for cytology. The main findings included a combination of bronchospasm and tracheal secretions with 61% of the cytology slides showing neutrophil counts ≥20%. Overall, a significant number of the horses displayed signs suggestive of inflammatory airway disease (mild equine asthma), including 47% with increased DPplmax, 11% with tracheal mucus accumulation [mucus score (MS) ≥2] and 18% with carina edema. This was more pronounced in 2-year-old horses within the population studied. These findings are consistent with the literature and reinforce the importance of routine respiratory examination of athletic horses. There is a high incidence of subclinical respiratory disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses in training at the JCB and a significant association between tracheal MS≥2, carina edema, and elevated DPplmax.

Equine astma: huidige kennis van zaken

2021 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
L.M. Verhaeghe ◽  
L. Lefère ◽  
A. Dufourni ◽  
E. Paulussen ◽  
G. Van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Gevolgd Door ◽  
Summer Pasture ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Equine astma is de overkoepelende term voor een inflammatoir proces ter hoogte van de diepere luchtwegen. Deze aandoening wordt verder onderverdeeld in lichte tot matige astma, beter bekend als “inflammatory airway disease” (IAD), en ernstige astma, beter bekend als “recurrent airway obstruction” (RAO). RAO veroorzaakt inflammatie en obstructie van de diepe luchtwegen, wat leidt tot chronische hoest, verhoogde ademhalingsinspanning in rust en inspanningsintolerantie, meestal bij paarden ouder dan zeven jaar. IAD daarentegen kan op elke leeftijd voorkomen en de klinische tekenen zijn vaak veel subtieler, namelijk verminderd presteren en occasioneel hoesten. Equine astma wordt voornamelijk getriggerd door een hoge concentratie aan stof en schimmelsporen in de stalomgeving of pollen tijdens de zomermaanden in het geval van “summer pasture associated” RAO (SPARAO). De gouden standaard om equine astma te diagnosticeren is het uitvoeren van een endoscopie, gevolgd door een broncho-alveolaire lavage (BAL). Het aanpassen van de omgeving is en blijft de belangrijkste behandelingsmethode, vaak in combinatie met het tijdelijk toedienen van corticosteroïden en bronchodilatatoren.

Equine asthma: managing the environment

UK-Vet Equine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 78-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel William Hotchkiss
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Recurrent Airway Obstruction ◽  
Organic Dust ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Equine Asthma ◽  
Environmental Challenge

Equine asthma is an umbrella term defined by nonseptic lower airway inflammation. Currently there are two broad categories, namely mild to moderate equine asthma (formerly known as inflammatory airway disease) and severe equine asthma (formerly known as recurrent airway obstruction or heaves). Environmental challenge is involved in the aetiopathogenesis of both these subcategories. Much of this challenge, and the part that we can control, is provided by the organic dust associated with the stabling of horses. This article reviews the available evidence relating to the environmental management of equine asthma and tries to relate this to practical options for providing a low-dust environment.

scholarly journals Cytokine Concentrations in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Horses with Neutrophilic Inflammatory Airway Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1838-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Richard ◽  
M. Depecker ◽  
M. Defontis ◽  
C. Leleu ◽  
G. Fortier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease
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