scholarly journals Investigation of respiratory disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses training at the Brazilian Jockey Club

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natália Rebouças Pires ◽  
Maria Fernanda de Mello Costa ◽  
Marcia Torres Ramos ◽  
Anna Paula Balesdent Barreira ◽  
José Renato Junqueira Borges
Keyword(s):  
Airway Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Tracheal Mucus ◽  
Tracheal Aspiration ◽  
Jockey Club

ABSTRACT: Athletic horses need to maintain healthy airways for optimal performance. This study investigated the presence of respiratory problems in apparently healthy Thoroughbred racehorses in training. According to the Revised Consensus Statement on Inflammatory Airway Diseases of Horses (2016), determining the prevalence of respiratory disorders in different equine populations is fundamental for understanding these diseases. In total, 72 clinically sound Thoroughbred racehorses, in training at the Brazilian Jockey Club (JCB), were initially examined using interpleural pressure measurement by ventigraphy and respiratory endoscopy. When secretions were present in the airways, transendoscopic tracheal aspiration was performed, and the sample was sent for cytology. The main findings included a combination of bronchospasm and tracheal secretions with 61% of the cytology slides showing neutrophil counts ≥20%. Overall, a significant number of the horses displayed signs suggestive of inflammatory airway disease (mild equine asthma), including 47% with increased DPplmax, 11% with tracheal mucus accumulation [mucus score (MS) ≥2] and 18% with carina edema. This was more pronounced in 2-year-old horses within the population studied. These findings are consistent with the literature and reinforce the importance of routine respiratory examination of athletic horses. There is a high incidence of subclinical respiratory disorders in Thoroughbred racehorses in training at the JCB and a significant association between tracheal MS≥2, carina edema, and elevated DPplmax.

Novel Aspects of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1/insulin Network in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (42) ◽  
pp. 7256-7263
Author(s):  
Wenjing Ruan ◽  
Jing Deng ◽  
Kejing Ying
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Insulin Growth Factor ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Igf1 Receptor ◽  
Insight Into

At least a proportion of patients suffering from chronic inflammatory airway diseases respond poorly to the bronchodilator and corticosteroid therapies. There is a need for the development of improved anti-inflammatory treatment. Insulin Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) and insulin participate in not only metabolism and glucose homeostasis, but also many other physiological and pathophysiological processes, including growth and inflammation. Recently, it was shown that not only the classical IGF1 and IGF1 Receptor (IGF1R), but also the other molecules in the IGF1/insulin network, including insulin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP), and IGFBP protease, have roles in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into recent endeavors devoted to the role of the IGF1/insulin network in chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Its participation in airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyper-responsiveness (AHR), as well as acute exacerbation, has been conclusively demonstrated. Its possible relation to glucocorticoid insensitivity has also been indicated. A better understanding of the IGF1/insulin network by further bench-to-bedside research may provide us with rational clinical therapeutic approaches against chronic inflammatory airway diseases.

The use of tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage in the clinical examination of coughing horses

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Regina Pepicelli de Almeida ◽  
Daniel Carlos Coatti Rocha ◽  
Anna Carolina Asinelli Macedo Lopes ◽  
José Ademar Villanova Junior ◽  
Pedro Vicente Michelotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Clinical Sign ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
And Function ◽  
Tracheal Mucus

Our hypothesis is that coughing horses have airway inflammation. Fifty horses – 36 coughing (Co Group)and 14 control (C Group) – of different gender, age, and function were evaluated. Physical and endoscopicexaminations, and cytological analyses of tracheal wash (TW) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids wereundertaken. Higher grades of tracheal mucus were observed in coughing horses. TW fluid neutrophil countwas higher (46.4% ± 30.8% vs. 19.5% ± 22.9%, p=0.003) in the Co group than the C group. In BAL fluid,neutrophil count was higher in the Co group than in the C group (30.3% ± 27.3% vs. 5.0% ± 4.2%, p=0.001,respectively). BAL fluid cytological profile compatible with inflammatory airway disease (IAD), recurrentairway obstruction (RAO), and normal were evidenced in 14 (38.9%), 17 (47.2%), and 5 (13.9%) of theevaluated coughing horses. IAD was diagnosed in 6 horses of the C group. Cough is a clinical sign of airwayinflammation in horses.

scholarly journals Characteristic of Inflammatory Airway Disease in Japanese Thoroughbred Racehorses

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanichi KUSANO ◽  
Yuhiro ISHIKAWA ◽  
Kazuhiro SEKI ◽  
Ryo KUSUNOSE
Keyword(s):  
Airway Disease ◽  
Thoroughbred Racehorses ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Letter To The Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 800-801
Author(s):  
Clifton T. Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

Asthma is "inflammatory airway disease." However, additional characteristics are necessary to distinguish asthma from other inflammatory airway diseases, such as infectious bronchitis and pneumonia (infectious and toxic). These additional characteristics are at least partial reversibility of airway obstruction and increased airway responsiveness to a variety of stimuli. Thus, "infectious bronchitis" and "allergic bronchitis" are specific for those children who do not have reversible obstruction and hyperresponsiveness to other factors that can trigger obstruction. Wheezing is not necessarily a symptom shared in common among these airway diseases.

scholarly journals 1510. Infant Pneumonia and Subsequent Risk of Chronic Respiratory Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S758-S759
Author(s):  
Stephen I Pelton ◽  
Rotem Lapidot ◽  
Matthew Wasserman ◽  
Melody Shaff ◽  
Ahuva Hanau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Study ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
Study Investigator ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Research Grant

Abstract Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in infancy (i.e., among children aged < 2 years) may have long-term consequences for the rapidly developing lung. We examined the impact of pneumonia in infancy on subsequent respiratory health. Methods A retrospective matched-cohort design and data from Optum’s de-identified Integrated Claims-Clinical dataset (2009-2018) were employed. Study population comprised children who were hospitalized for CAP before age 2 years (“CAP patients”) as well as matched comparators without evidence of pneumonia before age 2 years (“comparison patients”). CAP patients and comparison patients were matched (fixed 1:5 ratio, without replacement) using estimated propensity scores and a nearest-neighbor approach; those with evidence of selected medical conditions (e.g., extreme prematurity, congenital diseases, respiratory diseases) before age 2 years were excluded. Study outcomes included recurrent pneumonia and a composite of asthma, recurrent wheezing, and hyperactive airway disease. Rates of study outcomes from age 2 to 5 years were estimated for all CAP and comparison patients as well as subgroups of CAP patients (and corresponding comparison patients) stratified by etiology (bacterial, viral, unspecified). Results Study population totaled 1,343 CAP patients and 6,715 comparison patients. CAP patients and comparison patients were well-balanced on their baseline characteristics and mean duration of follow-up was 757 and 729 days, respectively. Rates of chronic respiratory disorders from age 2 to 5 years were significantly higher among CAP patients versus comparison patients. Analyses of subgroups stratified by etiology demonstrated higher rates of study outcomes among CAP patients across all strata. Rates of recurrent pneumonia and a composite of asthma, recurrent wheezing, and hyperactive airway disease from age 2 to 5 years among CAP patients and matched comparison patients Conclusion Infant CAP foreshadows an increase in subsequent risk of chronic respiratory disorders. Further studies are needed to determine whether this elevated risk is due to infant pneumonia or whether infant pneumonia is a marker of at-risk children. Disclosures Stephen I. Pelton, MD, Merck vaccine (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Consultant, Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant, Other Financial or Material Support, DSMB)Seqirus Vaccine Ltd. (Consultant) Rotem Lapidot, MD, MSCI, Pfizer (Consultant) Matthew Wasserman, MSc., Pfizer Inc. (Employee) Melody Shaff, BA, Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support) Ahuva Hanau, BS, Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support) Alexander Lonshteyn, PhD, Pfizer, Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support) Derek Weycker, PhD, Pfizer Inc. (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Research Grant or Support)

scholarly journals Cytokine Concentrations in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Horses with Neutrophilic Inflammatory Airway Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1838-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Richard ◽  
M. Depecker ◽  
M. Defontis ◽  
C. Leleu ◽  
G. Fortier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

scholarly journals Distinct sputum cytokine profiles in cystic fibrosis and other chronic inflammatory airway disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Osika ◽  
J-M. Cavaillon ◽  
K. Chadelat ◽  
M. Boule ◽  
C. Fitting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Cytokine Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease

scholarly journals The overlap between bronchiectasis and chronic airway diseases: state of the art and future directions

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 1800328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Polverino ◽  
Katerina Dimakou ◽  
John Hurst ◽  
Miguel-Angel Martinez-Garcia ◽  
Marc Miravitlles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Recurrent Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sputum Production ◽  
Syndromic Approach

Bronchiectasis is a clinical and radiological diagnosis associated with cough, sputum production and recurrent respiratory infections. The clinical presentation inevitably overlaps with other respiratory disorders such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In addition, 4–72% of patients with severe COPD are found to have radiological bronchiectasis on computed tomography, with similar frequencies (20–30%) now being reported in cohorts with severe or uncontrolled asthma. Co-diagnosis of bronchiectasis with another airway disease is associated with increased lung inflammation, frequent exacerbations, worse lung function and higher mortality. In addition, many patients with all three disorders have chronic rhinosinusitis and upper airway disease, resulting in a complex “mixed airway” phenotype.The management of asthma, bronchiectasis, COPD and upper airway diseases has traditionally been outlined in separate guidelines for each individual disorder. Recognition that the majority of patients have one or more overlapping pathologies requires that we re-evaluate how we treat airway disease. The concept of treatable traits promotes a holistic, pathophysiology-based approach to treatment rather than a syndromic approach and may be more appropriate for patients with overlapping features.Here, we review the current clinical definition, diagnosis, management and future directions for the overlap between bronchiectasis and other airway diseases.

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