scholarly journals Microscopic features of lamina muscularis mucosae of the goose gut

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-387
Author(s):  
M. M. Kushch ◽  
L. L. Kushch ◽  
I. A. Fesenko ◽  
O. S. Miroshnikova ◽  
O. V. Matsenko
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Outer Layer ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Microscopic Features

The aim of work was to determine the features of the microscopic structure of the lamina muscularis mucosae of the goose gut during the postnatal ontogenesis. According to the review of the literature, during the characterisation of the structure of the intestinal mucosa, researchers first pay attention to the condition of the villi, crypts, epithelial layer and their morphometric parameters, leaving the lamina muscularis mucosae aside. The intestinal lamina muscularis mucosae is an under-researched structure of the intestinal wall, the information on which is fragmentary and contradictory. The middle parts of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum of large grey geese of 13 age groups were investigated. The classic histological methods of staining by hematoxylin and eosin, aniline blue – orange (by Mallory), as well as azure II – eosin were used. It was established that the lamina muscularis mucosae of the goose’s small intestine is formed by two layers of unstriated muscle tissue: internal and external. In contradistinction to mammals, the thicker inner layer of the LMM has not a circular, but a longitudinal direction of cell location while by contrast the thinner outer layer is located in a circular direction. According to results of our research, the thickness of the lamina muscularis mucosae of the small intestine of the geese rapidly increased with age. The thickness of the duodenum corresponded to the value of adult geese at 60 days of age; jejunum, ileum, and rectum – at 21 days, cecum – at 7 days age. The lamina muscularis mucosae was thinnest in the duodenum, and it was thickest in the ileum. The lamina muscularis mucosa of the large intestine of geese is represented by only one longitudinal layer. By contrast, the thinner outer layer is located in a circular direction. Detailed information of the microscopic structure of the lamina muscularis mucosae of the intestine of geese can be useful for specialists, both morphologists and physiologists, for analyzing the histological preparations of the intestine of birds by the action of biotic and abiotic factors, as well as a basis of comparison with such structure in other species of animals. The description of the construction of this important microscopic structure of the intestine can serve a morphological basis for elucidating its function.

Morphology and Stress-Strain Properties Along the Small Intestine in the Rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanling Dou ◽  
Jingbo Zhao ◽  
Hans Gregersen
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Residual Strain ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Axial Variation ◽  
Rat Duodenum ◽  
Distal Direction

The stress-strain relationship is determined by the inherent mechanical properties of the intestinal wall, the geometric configurations, the loading conditions and the zero-stress state of the segment. The purpose of this project was to provide morphometric and biomechanical data for rat duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The circumferential strains were referenced to the zero-stress state. Large morphometric variations were found along the small intestine with an increase in the outer circumferential length and luminal area and a decrease in wall thickness in distal direction. The serosal residual strain was tensile and decreased in distal direction P<0.05. The mucosal residual strain was compressive and the absolute value decreased in distal direction P<0.001. The stress-strain experiments showed that the duodenum was stiffest. All segments were stiffest in longitudinal direction P<0.05. In conclusion, axial variation in morphometric and biomechanical properties was found in the small intestine. The zero-stress state must be considered in future biomechanical studies in the gastrointestinal tract.

scholarly journals Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a dog: case report

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Bicalho ◽  
A.P.C. Silva ◽  
T.A. Paixão ◽  
R.B. Cardoso Jr. ◽  
R.L. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Muscularis Mucosae ◽  
Muscular Layer ◽  
Distended Abdomen ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction

Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rare disorder that affects gastrointestinal propulsion. It may be secondary to several pathological conditions or it may develop without a known cause. A 1.2 year-old intact Pug bitch had a history of vomiting and constipation, which were followed by diarrhea and distended abdomen. Hypomotility and dilation of the small intestine, which was filled with gas, were observed during laparotomy. Histologically, full thickness biopsy specimens demonstrated a severe loss and degeneration of leiomyocytes in the inner and outer muscular layers of the intestinal wall, whereas there was a marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells in the lamina propria, and extremely thickened muscularis mucosae arranged in bundles oriented in different directions with marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of leiomyocytes. Distribution of leiomyocytes was further characterized by immunohistochemistry. These findings support the diagnosis of intestinal pseudo-obstruction in a Pug, associated with degeneration and loss of leiomyocytes in the muscular layer.

Histological examination of rat small intestine after surgical removal of obturation small bowel obstruction and peptide stimulation of lymph flow

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
А.А. Коваленко ◽  
Г.П. Титова ◽  
В.К. Хугаева
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
And Function

Оперативное лечение различных заболеваний кишечника сопровождается осложнениями в виде нарушений микроциркуляции в области анастомоза кишки. Ранее нами показана способность лимфостимуляторов пептидной природы восстанавливать нарушенную микроциркуляцию, что послужило основой для настоящего исследования. Цель работы - оценка влияния стимуляции лимфотока в стенке кишки на процессы восстановления микроциркуляции, структуры и функции тонкой кишки в области оперативного вмешательства. Методика. В экспериментах на наркотизированных крысах (хлоралгидрат в дозе 0,6 г/кг в 0,9% растворе NaCl) моделировали различные поражения тонкой кишки (наложение лигатуры, перевязка 1-3 брыжеечных артерий, перекрут петли кишки вокруг оси брыжейки, сочетание нескольких видов повреждений). Резекция поврежденного участка через 1 сут. с последующим созданием тонкокишечного анастомоза завершалась орошением операционного поля раствором пептида-стимулятора лимфотока (40 мкг/кг массы животного в 1 мл 0,9% раствора NaCl). На 7-е сут. после операции проводили гистологическое исследование фрагмента кишки в области анастомоза. Результаты. На 7-е сут. после резекции у выживших животных (летальность вследствие кишечной непроходимости составляла 30%) имеют место морфологические признаки острых сосудистых нарушений стенки кишки, изменений кровеносных и лимфатических микрососудов, интерстициальный отек всех слоев стенки кишки, дилатация просвета кишки, повреждение всасывающего эпителия ворсин с истончением щеточной каемки клеток, морфологические признаки гиперфункции бокаловидных клеток. Использование лимфостимулятора пептидной природы после операции увеличивало выживаемость животных на 24%. У части животных отмечалось уменьшение расширения просвета кишки, у других практически полная его нормализация. Восстанавливалась форма кишечных ворсин и распределение бокаловидных клеток. Отсутствовали признаки внутриклеточного и межмышечного отека. Отмечено умеренное полнокровие венул. Заключение. Использование лимфостимулятора при хирургическом лечении кишечной непроходимости увеличивает выживаемость животных на 24% по сравнению с контролем, способствует более раннему восстановлению структуры и функции тонкой кишки. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о перспективности использования стимуляции лимфотока при операциях на кишечнике. Surgical treatment of bowel diseases is associated with complications that cause microcirculatory disturbances in the anastomosis area and may lead to a fatal outcome. This study was based on our previous finding that peptide-type lymphatic stimulators are able to restore impaired microcirculation. The aim of this work was stimulating the lymph flow in the intestinal wall to facilitate recovery of microcirculation, structure and function of the small intestine in the area of surgical intervention. Methods. In experiments on anesthetized rats (0.6 g/kg chloral hydrate in 0.9% NaCl), various small bowel lesions were modeled (bowel ligation, ligation of 1-3 mesenteric arteries, gut torsion, combination of several lesion types). In 24 h, the damaged area was resected, and a small intestine anastomosis was creased. The surgery was completed with irrigation of the operative field with a solution of lymph flow stimulating peptide (40 мg/kg body weight in 1 ml of 0.9% NaCl). A gut fragment from the anastomosis area was examined histologically on day 7 after the surgery. Results. On the 7th day after removing the intestinal obstruction, the surviving animals (lethality 30%) had morphological signs of acute vascular disorders in the intestinal wall; changes in blood and lymphatic microvessels; interstitial edema of all intestinal wall layers; dilatation of the intestinal lumen; damage to the absorptive epithelium of villi with thinning of the brush border, and hyperfunction of mucous (goblet) cells. The use of the peptide after surgery increased the survival rate of animals by 24% and provided a smaller dilatation of the intestinal lumen in some animals. In other animals, the lumen recovered. The shape of intestinal villi and distribution of goblet cells were restored. Signs of intracellular and intermuscular edema were absent. Moderate venular congestion was noticed. Conclusion. Using the lymphatic stimulator in surgical treatment of intestinal obstruction increases the survival rate of animals by 24% compared to the control, facilitates earlier restoration of the small intestine structure and function. The obtained results indicated the effectiveness of lymphatic stimulation in intestinal surgery.

scholarly journals Variation of Passive Biomechanical Properties of the Small Intestine along Its Length: Microstructure-Based Characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Dimitrios P. Sokolis
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Orientation Angle ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Material Models ◽  
Hyper Elastic ◽  
Rat Tissue

Multiaxial testing of the small intestinal wall is critical for understanding its biomechanical properties and defining material models, but limited data and material models are available. The aim of the present study was to develop a microstructure-based material model for the small intestine and test whether there was a significant variation in the passive biomechanical properties along the length of the organ. Rat tissue was cut into eight segments that underwent inflation/extension testing, and their nonlinearly hyper-elastic and anisotropic response was characterized by a fiber-reinforced model. Extensive parametric analysis showed a non-significant contribution to the model of the isotropic matrix and circumferential-fiber family, leading also to severe over-parameterization. Such issues were not apparent with the reduced neo-Hookean and (axial and diagonal)-fiber family model, that provided equally accurate fitting results. Absence from the model of either the axial or diagonal-fiber families led to ill representations of the force- and pressure-diameter data, respectively. The primary direction of anisotropy, designated by the estimated orientation angle of diagonal-fiber families, was about 35° to the axial direction, corroborating prior microscopic observations of submucosal collagen-fiber orientation. The estimated model parameters varied across and within the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, corroborating histologically assessed segmental differences in layer thicknesses.

scholarly journals Aggressive Monophasic Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Small Intestine - A Rare Case Report With Review of Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Author(s):  
Shetty K. Padma ◽  
Harish S. Permi ◽  
C.N. Patil ◽  
Michelle Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Spindle Cell ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
Rare Case Report

AbstractSarcomatoid carcinoma occurring in the small intestine is very rare. They can be monophasic or biphasic. We report a rare case of monophasic Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine in a 60 year old male patient. The tumor was an ulceronodular mass involving the ileum circumferentially. The tumor infiltrated the full thickness of the intestinal wall and the serosa of an adjacent loop of ileum. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of sheets of malignant spindle cells. The carcinomatous nature of the tumor was evident only after Immunohistochemistry. The diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of malignant spindle cell tumor of small intestine and immunohistochemical stains are required for the correct diagnosis.

scholarly journals Morphoquantitative study of the submucous plexus (of Meissner) of the jejunum-ileum of young and old guinea pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo César Zanesco ◽  
Romeu Rodrigues de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Submucous Plexus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electronic Microscope

OBJECTIVE: To study the aging of submucous plexus of the small intestine (jejunum-ileum) of the guinea pigs from the quantitative, structural and ultrastructural perspective. METHOD: Chemical preparations of membrane of the jejunum-ileum of old and young animals with the use of light and electronic microscope. RESULTS: The ganglia of young animals presented between 1 and 56 neurons and the old animals presented from 1 to 30 neurons. The mean density of the ganglia by cm² in the young jejunum-ileum was of 551±36.89 and in the old one 413±11.86. The density of the neurons was 5011±291.11 neurons/cm² average in young animals and 2918±120.70 neurons/cm² in the old ones. The size of the neurons varied in both age groups. The collagen fibers in the ganglia of old animals they were condensed. Degenerated mitochondrias in the interior of the cell were frequent in the old animals. CONCLUSION: In submucous plexus of the jejunum-ileum there is a loss of 38% of the neurons with aging.

scholarly journals Parasitism with Acanthocephalus ranae in frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus Pallas 1771), from North-east Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
O. C. Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cylindrical Body ◽  
Duodenal Mucosa ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Average Intensity ◽  
Pelophylax Ridibundus ◽  
North East ◽  
First Time

SummaryThe present study was carried out on 10 frogs, Pelophylax ridibundus (Pallas, 1771), captured near the river Bahlui, Iasi, between April and May, 2019, for the study of digestive helminths and their effect on the digestive tract. Macroscopic examination of the general cavity revealed distension of the small intestine. The sectioning of the intestinal wall revealed a variable number of parasites (1 – 12) with a whitish cylindrical body, anchored in the duodenal mucosa. The morphological study of the parasites confirmed the species as Acantocephalus ranae. The prevalence of the infection was 60 % and the average intensity was 4.83 ± 4.15. Lesions of the small intestine were characterized by catarrhal enteritis, hemorrhagic spots and ulcers on the mucosa, occlusion and obstruction of the intestinal lumen. Histologically, eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate in the glandular crypts, mucosal and submucosal edema, fibrosis and conjunctival hyperplasia, total mucosal atrophy, were found. The infection with Acanthocephalus ranae in Pelophylax ridibundus caused severe pathological changes, conditioned by the intensity of the infection, aspects revealed for the first time in Romania.

scholarly journals HISTOGENESIS OF THE MUSCULARIS MUCOSA IN THE HUMAN SMALL INTESTINE

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (84) ◽  
pp. 6230-6233
Author(s):  
Kaini Pfoze ◽  
Kalpana Thounaojam
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Human Small Intestine

Longitudinal force and stress of rat's esophagus: age-related changes.

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. E580
Author(s):  
M P Zabinski ◽  
P Biancani
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Longitudinal Force ◽  
Active Stress ◽  
Length Relationship ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Difference

Longitudinal force-length relationship of the rat esophagus was studied in vitro in three age groups: 1 mo, 3 mo, and 12 mo. The length of maximum force development (MFD) occurs at 1.4-1.5 times the in vivo length for all age groups. The active force developed at MFD increases markedly with age. The difference in the active forces in the 3-mo and 12-mo age groups is due to differences in cross section because the active stress of the esophagus in the longitudinal direction is approximately equal for the two age groups. The active stress in the 1-mo-old rats is lower than in the 3-mo-old rats, suggesting an increased contractility of the esophagus with age in this period of development.

Specificity of sugar transport by the intestine of the hamster

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hastings Wilson ◽  
Bernard R. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Concentration Gradient ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Sugar Derivatives

The specificity of the sugar transport system of the hamster small intestine was tested with 20 sugars and sugar derivatives not previously tested in this system. The absorption of sugars across the intestinal wall against a concentration gradient was tested with the everted sac technique in vitro. 3-Deoxyglucose, 4-0-methylgalactose, 6-deoxy-6-fluoroglucose and α-methylglucoside were transported while a variety of other sugars were not. From the data derived from the study of a total of 49 sugars tested in this system, certain generalizations are made as to the structural limitations of the sugar-absorbing capacity of the hamster intestine.

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