scholarly journals FORMATION (ORIGIN) INTENTIONS AS PART OF THE CRIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
O. B. Kapustin

The purpose of the article is the scientific consideration and legal analysis of intent as a part of a crime. Intent is a legal category known in law. According to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, an act committed with direct intent or indirect intent is recognized as a crime committed intentionally. It is known that vast majority of crimes stipulated by the criminal law is premeditated crimes. The vast majority of crimes committed in real life is also premeditated crimes. Premeditated crimes are the most dangerous crimes, and because of this, most attention of law enforcement officers is focused on them, causing the greatest public outrage. Relevance of the topic: Analysis of the latest research and publications. In spite of this, in my opinion, the matter of intent is not quite largely highlighted in the domestic scientific literature. For the past 25 years, there has been virtually no domestic research at the dissertation and monograph levels devoted to study of the intent. There are only fragmentary references to this notion in cases of exploring different topics. A similar situation is typical for scientific articles. Therefore, specific coverage of this issue is a gap in modern science and has scientific novelty. This article is intended to fill this gap. The article deepens the doctrine of intent as a part of a crime. It is stated in the article that the overwhelming majority of crimes, stipulated by the rules of criminal law, are premeditated crimes. It is noted that the initial stage of the crime is formation of intent, which, at the initial stage often does not have any external manifestation. It is established in the article that the formation of intent and its detection in the obligatory presence of at least one of the following stages in development of criminal activity should be attributed to the non-punishable stages of development of the crime. This article does not cover all legislative and legal aspects of the intent. The prospect of further research is, in particular, the problem of adequate legislative reflection of the danger of intent. I consider it necessary to continue research in the field of the moment of intent.

Author(s):  
Olha Peresada ◽  

The article considers topical issues of definition and qualification of crimes against human life in Ukraine and abroad. It is proved that the problematic issue of criminal law protection of human life is a significant differentiation of approaches to determining the moment of its onset, which reflects the medical and social criteria for the formation of an individual who has the right to life. It is shown that Ukrainian criminal law gives a person the right to life from birth, while the correct approach is to recognize the beginning of human life and appropriate criminal protection from the moment of onset 10 days after conception, which is consistent with European experience (in particular, France) and sufficiently reflects the medical features of the period of formation of a full-fledged embryo. The article also addresses the issue of the fact that Section II of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine combines encroachment on two different generic objects - public relations for the protection of life and public relations for the protection of personal health. This provision of the criminal law of Ukraine does not correspond to the international practice on this issue. In addition, it is reasonable to believe that the two relevant categories of the object of criminal encroachment cannot be considered similar, as such an approach in certain cases can significantly complicate the classification of a criminal offense. It is emphasized that, given the exceptional importance of criminal law protection of human life, it is necessary to formulate a separate section of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which covers only crimes against life as the main object of criminal encroachment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
V. N. Voronin ◽  

The subject of the research is public relations in the field of application of art. 28 of the Criminal Code RF ("Innocent infliction of harm") in relation to medical workers. The author reveals certain problems of establishing a case (case) in case of defects in the provision of medical care, as well as the actions of a doctor in connection with neuropsychic overloads. The author proposes grounds for expanding the scope of application of art. 28 of the Criminal Code and minimization of the criminal law risk of a medical worker. The article presents and systematizes the main theoretical views on innocent harm in medicine, and also examines the available practical cases. The research methodology is based on private methods of legal analysis and legislative technique


Author(s):  
Андрей Петрович Скиба ◽  
Андрей Владимирович Ковш ◽  
Александра Николаевна Мяханова

В статье проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ ряда норм катарского уголовного законодательства, а также российского уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства. Рассматриваются виды наказаний, связанных с лишением свободы, и их содержание по Уголовному кодексу Катара. Дополнительно обращается внимание на систему и содержание отдельных наказаний (в виде смертной казни, пожизненного лишения свободы и лишения свободы на определенный срок). Формулируется авторская редакция статей 57-62 Уголовного кодекса Катара, касающихся системы основных видов наказаний и их содержания. The article provides a comparative legal analysis of a number of norms of Qatari criminal law, as well as Russian criminal and penal enforcement legislation. The types of punishments related to deprivation of liberty and their content under the Qatari Criminal code are considered. In addition, attention is drawn to the system of punishments, the content of individual punishments (in the form of the death penalty, life imprisonment and imprisonment for a certain period). The author's version of articles 57-62 of the Criminal Code of Qatar concerning the system of main types of punishments and their content is formulated.


Author(s):  
Дмитрий Сергеевич Дядькин

В статье представлены результаты анализа наказуемости за одно из наиболее распространенных в последнее время в Российской Федерации преступление, предусмотренное ст. 282 УК РФ - возбуждение ненависти либо вражды, а равно унижение человеческого достоинства. В последние годы имеет место резкий рост количества осуждений лиц по ст. 282 УК РФ. Данная практика крайне репрессивна, не поддерживает одобрения в обществе, существенно критикуется и негативно оценивается даже властью, которая в последнее время предприняла действия по изменению сложившейся ситуации. Изменение структуры привлечения и осуждения лиц по ч. 1 и ч. 2 ст. 282 УК РФ - исчезновение квалификации действий лиц по ч. 2 - свидетельствует об изменении характера данных преступлений, способа их совершения, а самое главное - подходов к привлечению лиц к ответственности за совершение преступлений экстремистской направленности. Работа правоохранительных органов полностью переключилась с выявления, пресечения и наказания экстремистских деяний, совершаемых в реальной жизни, и на данный момент абсолютное большинство лиц, привлеченных по ст. 282 УК РФ, - это лица, допустившие те или иные высказывания» в социальных сетях. Ч. 2 ст. 282 УК РФ (квалифицирующие признаки, ее составляющие) на данный момент потеряли свою актуальность и не отвечают современным реалиям. Наказуемость за преступления, предусмотренные ст. 282 УК РФ, атипична по отношению к общей структуре применения наказаний в РФ за преступления в целом: за данное преступление осуждается к условному лишению свободы 61 % лиц, 11 % - к реальному лишению свободы. Данное положение вещей отражает ситуацию, когда дефиниция преступления по своему существу не отвечает ожиданиям современного российского общества, при этом внутреннее убеждение судейского корпуса также находится в определенном диссонансе. Современные российские реалии не позволяют судам выносить оправдательные приговоры в достаточном количестве, и судам приходится применять к лицам, по сути невиновным, наказания крайне незначительные или условно. По ст. 282 УК РФ данная тенденция явно прослеживается. Results of the analysis of punishability for one of the most widespread in the Russian Federation the crime provided by Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are presented recently in article there is an arousing hatred or hostility, and humiliation of human dignity is equal. In recent years the sharp growth of number of condemnations of persons according to Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation takes place. This practice is extremely repressive, does not support approval in society, is significantly criticized and negatively estimated even by the power which took actions for change of a situation to the sphere recently. Change of structure of attraction and condemnation of persons according to Pt. 1 and Pt. 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - disappearance of qualification of actions of persons according to Pt. 2 - demonstrates to change of nature of these crimes, a way of their commission, and the most important - approaches to involvement of persons to responsibility for commission of crimes of extremist orientation. Work of law enforcement agencies completely switched from identification, suppression and punishment of the extremist acts made in real life, and at the moment the vast majority of the persons involved according to Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are faces the allowed these or those statements on social networks. Pt. 2 of Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (the qualifying signs, it making) at the moment lost the relevance and do not answer modern realities. The punishability for the crimes provided by Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is atypical in relation to the general structure of application of punishments in the Russian Federation for crimes in general: for this crime it is condemned to conditional imprisonment 61 % of persons, 11 % - to real imprisonment. This state of affairs reflects a situation when the crime definition on the being does not answer expectations of modern Russian society, at the same time the internal belief of judiciary also is in a certain dissonance. Modern Russian realities do not allow vessels to pronounce justificatory sentences in enough, and vessels should apply to persons, in fact the innocent, punishments extremely insignificant or is conditional. According to Art. 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation this trend is obviously traced.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Olga Semykina

The article discusses criminalization trends in the Russian criminal law of the institute of bribe offering and promising. Analyzing the rules on liability for bribery in the criminal law in mid XIX — early XX centuries, the author comes to the conclusion about historical conditionality of the review of legislative approaches to enshrine in the Russian Criminal Code the institute of bribe offering and promising in favor of recommendations of anticorruption standards. The study attempts to justify the possibility of introducing criminal liability for bribery not only in articles 290, 291 of the Russian Criminal Code, but also in other articles of the Code, that include giving and accepting any material wealth or other benefits as a criminal-forming characteristic (for example, in Articles 201—204, 285—286, 309). Thus, this article raises the issue of presence of a set of special hybrid rules in the Russian Criminal Code, forming part of the institute of criminal liability for offering and promising certain benefits. The author identifies and confirms by modern case studies three models of criminalization of bribe offering and promising or abuse of powers and recognizing them completed at an earlier or later stage of criminal activity.


Author(s):  
Remigiusz Rosicki

The scope of the research problem encompasses selected issues concerning the content and sense of the elements characterizing the offense of espionage in Polish criminal law. In the legislation currently in force, the offense of espionage is criminalized under Art. 130 § 1–4 of the Criminal Code. The main purpose of the analysis is to perform a substantive criminal examination of the offense of espionage under Polish law, considering a practical case study and an assessment of the legal provisions regarding state security. In order to elaborate the material scope of the research problem and present the conclusions, the paper asks the following research questions: (1) To what extent are the de lege lata legal solutions in Poland effective in counteracting espionage offenses?, (2) What de lege ferenda solutions ought to be proposed to improve effective counteraction of espionage offenses? The paper includes an institutional and legal analysis aided by textual, functional, and historical interpretations, supplemented with the author’s conclusions and opinions concerning de lege lata and de lege ferenda solutions. The institutional and legal analysis is supplemented with a case study of espionage activity. The case study helps consider selected legal problems and presents example legal classifications of the described acts associated with espionage activity.


Author(s):  
A. A. Kashkarov ◽  
D. A. Poshtaruk

A criminal and legal analysis of the objective and subjective signs, characterizing the connivance to the crime is made in the publication. The study found that connivance in a crime may be characteristic of various criminal law institutions, such as implication in a crime and complicity in a crime. In addition, the presented arguments show that connivance as a criminally punishable act may be associated with non-interference with unlawful activities that do not constitute a crime. The analysis shows that connivance in a crime can have a selfish purpose. It is noted that connivance in a crime is significantly different from other forms of implication in a crime, namely concealment of a crime and failure to report a crime. The subject of connivance in a crime is a person endowed with special powers to prevent, document and register crimes or offences. The article discloses that there is no special penal provision in the current Act of Criminal Responsibility of the Russian Federation that criminalizes it. The exception is the disposition of Art. 290 of the Criminal Code of RF, which contains an indication of connivance as a sign characterizing the objective side of receiving a bribe.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A. P. Skiba ◽  
A. V. Kovsh ◽  
A. N. Myakhanova

The types of punishments in the Republic of Korea and the Democratic peoples Republic of Korea have significant specifics in comparison with Russia and differ from each other. Their criminal law regulations are laconic in comparison with the Russian approach. Under the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, there is a clear emphasis on regulating punishments involving deprivation of liberty and restriction of the rights of a convicted person, and under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea, punishments with economic content. The author provides a translation of the provisions of Article 27 of the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea and Article 41 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea regarding the list of types of punishments.


Author(s):  

Сфера закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд в России страдает от широко распространяющихся мошеннических действий. Несмотря на то, что в отдельных странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона накоплен богатый опыт законодательного противодействия преступному мошенничеству в сфере публичных закупок, в нашей стране он пока изучен недостаточно. В статье исследуется законотворческий опыт Республики Корея в противодействии преступным проявлениям мошенничества в сфере публичных закупок. Проведён юридический анализ норм отдельных законодательных актов Республики Корея, в которых представлена ответственность за преступные деяния в сфере публичных закупок. Особое внимание уделено преступлению, предусмотренному статьёй 315 Уголовного кодекса Республики Корея «Воспрепятствование проведению аукциона или торгов». Представлены позиции судебных органов Республики Корея в оценке отдельных признаков этого опасного преступления. Выявлена специфика законодательной регламентации ответственности за преступные деяния в сфере публичных закупок. В завершении анализа законотворческого опыта Республики Корея по противодействию мошенничеству при осуществлении закупочной деятельности государственными или муниципальными органами отмечено, что законодательство по борьбе с обозначенными преступными проявлениями развивается в этой стране «в ногу со временем». Сделаны выводы о том, что не все результаты рассмотренной законотвор-ческой деятельности Южной Кореи в силу их своеобразия могут быть распро-странены и использованы при совершенствовании российского законодательства. Однако отдельные приёмы законодательного решения проблем противодействия преступным мошенническим деяниям в сфере публичных закупок, безусловно, небесполезны и для России. В частности, интерес для развития российского законодательства могут представлять отдельные приёмы юридической техники – к примеру, широкое установление законодательного запрета на осуществление разнообразных действий мошеннического характера в сфере закупочной деятельности, вплоть до признания таких действий уголовно-наказуемыми. Авторам представляется любопытным и установление в санкциях законодательных норм Республики Корея строгих видов и размеров наказания за преступное воспрепятствование проведению аукциона или торгов, которые в сочетании с реальным назначением сурового наказания дают возможность эффективно противодействовать мошенническим проявлениям в сфере публичных закупок. Клчевые слова: уголовное законодательство стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона, законодательство Республики Корея, уголовное право Республики Корея, уголовный кодекс Республики Корея, мошенничество, мошенничество в сфере публичных закупок, публичные закупки, электронные закупки, воспрепятствование торгам, сговор на торгах, подделка документов. The sphere of procurement of goods, works, and services to meet state and municipal needs in Russia suffers from widespread fraudulent activities. Despite the fact that some countries of the Asia-Pacific region have accumulated a wealth of experience in legal counteraction to criminal fraud in the field of public procurement, in our country it has not been sufficiently studied yet. The article examines the legislative experience of the Republic of Korea in countering the criminal manifestations of fraud in the field of public procurement. A legal analysis of the norms of certain legislative acts of the Republic of Korea, which presents responsibility for criminal acts in the field of public procurement, is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the crime stipulated by Article 315 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea "Obstruction of an auction or auctions." The position of the judicial authorities of the Republic of Korea in the assessment of some of this dangerous crime is presented. The specificity of the legislative regulation of liability for criminal acts in the field of public procurement has been revealed. Analysis of the legislative experience of the Republic of Korea in combating fraud in the imple-mentation of procurement activities by state or municipal authorities is followed by the conclusion that legislation to combat the designated criminal manifestations is developing in this country “in step with the times”. It is concluded that not all results of the considered legislative activity of South Korea, due to their originality, can be disseminated and used in the improvement of Russian legislation. However, certain methods of legislative solution of the problems of combating criminal fraudulent acts in the field of public procurement can be applied in Russia. In particular, certain methods of legal technique may be of interest for the development of Russian legislation - for example, the broad establishment of a legislative ban on the implementation of various fraudulent actions in the field of procurement, up to the recognition of such actions as criminal offenses. The authors also consider the establishment in the sanctions of the legislative norms of the Republic of Korea of strict types and sizes of punishment for criminal obstruction of an auction or auctions, which, in combination with the real imposition of severe punishment, make it possible to effectively counteract fraudulent manifestations in the field of public procurement. Keywords: Asia Pacific criminal law, Republic of Korea law, Republic of Korea criminal law, Republic of Korea criminal code, fraud, public procurement fraud, public procurement, e-procurement, obstruction of bidding, bid rigging, document forgery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3(84)) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
V. Gladkikh

The article discusses the theory and practice of applying Art. 165 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for liability for causing property damage by deception or abuse of trust. The problems of delimiting the article under consideration with related compositions (Articles 159, 160 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) are noted, measures are proposed to improve the criminal law.


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