scholarly journals Преступное мошенничество в сфере публичных закупок: законотворческий опыт Республики Корея

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-151
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Imple Mentation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Times ◽  
Severe Punishment

Сфера закупок товаров, работ, услуг для обеспечения государственных и муниципальных нужд в России страдает от широко распространяющихся мошеннических действий. Несмотря на то, что в отдельных странах Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона накоплен богатый опыт законодательного противодействия преступному мошенничеству в сфере публичных закупок, в нашей стране он пока изучен недостаточно. В статье исследуется законотворческий опыт Республики Корея в противодействии преступным проявлениям мошенничества в сфере публичных закупок. Проведён юридический анализ норм отдельных законодательных актов Республики Корея, в которых представлена ответственность за преступные деяния в сфере публичных закупок. Особое внимание уделено преступлению, предусмотренному статьёй 315 Уголовного кодекса Республики Корея «Воспрепятствование проведению аукциона или торгов». Представлены позиции судебных органов Республики Корея в оценке отдельных признаков этого опасного преступления. Выявлена специфика законодательной регламентации ответственности за преступные деяния в сфере публичных закупок. В завершении анализа законотворческого опыта Республики Корея по противодействию мошенничеству при осуществлении закупочной деятельности государственными или муниципальными органами отмечено, что законодательство по борьбе с обозначенными преступными проявлениями развивается в этой стране «в ногу со временем». Сделаны выводы о том, что не все результаты рассмотренной законотвор-ческой деятельности Южной Кореи в силу их своеобразия могут быть распро-странены и использованы при совершенствовании российского законодательства. Однако отдельные приёмы законодательного решения проблем противодействия преступным мошенническим деяниям в сфере публичных закупок, безусловно, небесполезны и для России. В частности, интерес для развития российского законодательства могут представлять отдельные приёмы юридической техники – к примеру, широкое установление законодательного запрета на осуществление разнообразных действий мошеннического характера в сфере закупочной деятельности, вплоть до признания таких действий уголовно-наказуемыми. Авторам представляется любопытным и установление в санкциях законодательных норм Республики Корея строгих видов и размеров наказания за преступное воспрепятствование проведению аукциона или торгов, которые в сочетании с реальным назначением сурового наказания дают возможность эффективно противодействовать мошенническим проявлениям в сфере публичных закупок. Клчевые слова: уголовное законодательство стран Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона, законодательство Республики Корея, уголовное право Республики Корея, уголовный кодекс Республики Корея, мошенничество, мошенничество в сфере публичных закупок, публичные закупки, электронные закупки, воспрепятствование торгам, сговор на торгах, подделка документов. The sphere of procurement of goods, works, and services to meet state and municipal needs in Russia suffers from widespread fraudulent activities. Despite the fact that some countries of the Asia-Pacific region have accumulated a wealth of experience in legal counteraction to criminal fraud in the field of public procurement, in our country it has not been sufficiently studied yet. The article examines the legislative experience of the Republic of Korea in countering the criminal manifestations of fraud in the field of public procurement. A legal analysis of the norms of certain legislative acts of the Republic of Korea, which presents responsibility for criminal acts in the field of public procurement, is carried out. Particular attention is paid to the crime stipulated by Article 315 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea "Obstruction of an auction or auctions." The position of the judicial authorities of the Republic of Korea in the assessment of some of this dangerous crime is presented. The specificity of the legislative regulation of liability for criminal acts in the field of public procurement has been revealed. Analysis of the legislative experience of the Republic of Korea in combating fraud in the imple-mentation of procurement activities by state or municipal authorities is followed by the conclusion that legislation to combat the designated criminal manifestations is developing in this country “in step with the times”. It is concluded that not all results of the considered legislative activity of South Korea, due to their originality, can be disseminated and used in the improvement of Russian legislation. However, certain methods of legislative solution of the problems of combating criminal fraudulent acts in the field of public procurement can be applied in Russia. In particular, certain methods of legal technique may be of interest for the development of Russian legislation - for example, the broad establishment of a legislative ban on the implementation of various fraudulent actions in the field of procurement, up to the recognition of such actions as criminal offenses. The authors also consider the establishment in the sanctions of the legislative norms of the Republic of Korea of strict types and sizes of punishment for criminal obstruction of an auction or auctions, which, in combination with the real imposition of severe punishment, make it possible to effectively counteract fraudulent manifestations in the field of public procurement. Keywords: Asia Pacific criminal law, Republic of Korea law, Republic of Korea criminal law, Republic of Korea criminal code, fraud, public procurement fraud, public procurement, e-procurement, obstruction of bidding, bid rigging, document forgery.

scholarly journals CRIMINAL LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA, THE DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA AND RUSSIA: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF TYPES OF PUNISHMENTS AND THEIR CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A. P. Skiba ◽  
A. V. Kovsh ◽  
A. N. Myakhanova
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The types of punishments in the Republic of Korea and the Democratic peoples Republic of Korea have significant specifics in comparison with Russia and differ from each other. Their criminal law regulations are laconic in comparison with the Russian approach. Under the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea, there is a clear emphasis on regulating punishments involving deprivation of liberty and restriction of the rights of a convicted person, and under the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea, punishments with economic content. The author provides a translation of the provisions of Article 27 of the Criminal Code of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea and Article 41 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Korea regarding the list of types of punishments.

scholarly journals Theory Of Application Of Criminal Law Considerations On The Legal Analysis Of The Content Of Crime Against The Person In The Crime Code Of The Republic Of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (05) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Akbar Saloxitdin Oglu Aknazarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Republic

The article describes the object, subject, essence of the objective and subjective aspects of crimes against the person in the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as the features of the qualification of these crimes. Crimes against the person have been interpreted from the point of view of criminal law and analyzed in detail.

scholarly journals Espionage in Bulgarian and Latvian Criminal Law – Comparative Legal Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 121-142
Author(s):  
Petar Koev
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Historical Aspects ◽  
State Secret ◽  
The Republic

Law scientist from the Republic of Bulgaria Petar Koev in his article covers quite a specific case – comparative legal analysis of spying in the Criminal Laws of Bulgaria and Latvia. The author accentuates the development of Criminal Laws in Bulgaria and Latvia to prevent spying. P. Koev concludes that the Criminal Law on Protection of National Secrets has been worked out in compliance with the historical aspects of both countries. Similarity between Bulgarian Criminal Code and LSSR Criminal Law during the period of socialism was connected with the ideological term “state secret” defined by political systems of the USSR satellite states. Analysis of regulations related to spying has brought out several common traits performed in legal acts after democratic changes in the development of Bulgaria and Latvia after the states gained their independence form the USSR. It has been concluded that regulations on prevention and eradication on spying have been worked out to satisfy the existent regional needs and state’s political priorities. Bulgārijas Republikas tiesību zinātnieks Petars Koevs (Petar Koev) savā rakstā skata visnotaļ specifisku problēmu loku – salīdzinošo juridisko analīzi spiegošanā Bulgārijas un Latvijas krimināltiesiskajā regulējumā. Autors aplūko krimināltiesību aktu attīstību un problēmas Bulgārijā un Latvijā, lai novērtu spiegošanas darbības. P. Koevs secina, ka tiesību akti par valsts noslēpumu aizsardzību ir izstrādāti atbilstoši abu valstu vēsturiskajiem apstākļiem. Bulgārijas kriminālkodeksa un LPSR Krimināllikuma līdzība t. s. sociālisma periodā bija saistīta ar ideoloģisko jēdzienu “valsts noslēpums”, ko noteica PSRS satelītvalstu politiskā sistēma. Ar spiegošanu saistīto normatīvo aktu analīze ir noteikusi arī dažas kopīgas iezīmes, kas izdarītas likumdošanas aktos pēc demokrātiskajām pārmaiņām Bulgārijā un Latvijas attīstībā pēc tam, kad valsts kļuva neatkarīga no Padomju Savienības. Publikācijā ir secināts, ka spiegošanas novēršanas un apkarošanas noteikumi ir izstrādāti, lai apmierinātu pašreizējās reģionālās vajadzības un valsts politiskās prioritātes.

scholarly journals Specific Features of Protection Against Computer-Aided Criminal Infringements on Cashless (Electronic) Funds in Contemporary Criminal Legislations of Belarus and Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-604
Author(s):  
Maria Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Electronic Money ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Size Type ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Characteristic Features

The dominance of a distance form of interactions in modern conditions resulted in an increase in operations with cashless (electronic) funds, which led to a growth of the number of acquisitive cybercrimes. The author examines criminal law measures of protecting cashless (electronic) funds against criminal infringements in the cybersphere and conducts legal analysis of regulations on acquisitive crimes against property and information security reflected in criminal legislations of Belarus and Russia. Special attention is paid to the characteristic features of protection measures against acquisitive cybercrimes involving cashless (electronic) funds in modern criminal legislations of Belarus and Russia. Current Belarus legislation differentiates criminal liability using unified criteria (method and property size) within the same corpus delicti of three crimes in Ch. 24 and 31 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Belarus. In the Russian legislation, the differentiation of criminal liability is based on three criteria (size, type of money or method) within five corpora delicti in Ch. 21 and 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author specifically states that the use of such a differentiation approach in determining liability for online theft of cashless money in the norms of Russian criminal law leads, firstly, to considerable difficulties in determining the forms and specific criteria of such theft and, secondly, to the application of more (or less) severe measures of punishment for identical crimes. Using a detailed comparative analysis of modern criminal legislations of Belarus and Russia regarding online criminal infringements against cashless (electronic) money, the author draws a conclusion on the use of regulations in the Russian law that would make it possible to fully take into account various specific features of online infringements on cashless (electronic) money and to apply unified criteria for the differentiation of criminal liability within one corpus delicti, for example, in the form of theft in the sphere of computer information whose modus operandi is thoroughly described in one of the norms on computer crimes in Art. 159.6 of the Criminal Code of Russia.

scholarly journals CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL ACTS AGAINST THE LEGAL TRAFFICKING WITH CRIMINAL LEGAL ANALYSIS OF CRIMINAL WORK FALSIFICATION OF THE CORRECTION OF ART. 378 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 1579-1584
Author(s):  
Tose Panov
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Legal Theory ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Separate Group ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
Criminal Defense ◽  
The Republic

In the Criminal Code of RM special place and importance takes the criminal acts for forging documents. These crimes are systematized in a separate group under the title "Crimes against legal traffic", depending on the object of their criminal defense. Depending on the type of document, whether it is private, public or official, the distinctive forms and types of occurrence of these crimes are often distinguished, which often constitute a means or manner of execution of others, primarily commercial or official / corruptive / criminal offenses, or for their concealment and obstruction of proof. It is precisely this paper that aims to provide, according to the legislation and the legal theory, a criminal legal analysis of the notion, elements, characteristics and forms of appearance of criminal offenses against legal traffic in Macedonia with criminal law analysis of the basic crime.

Criminal Law and Religion in the Republic of Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Haeng Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
The Republic

THE PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев ◽  
Антон Михайлович Седогин
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Criminal Groups

В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны нефтяной отрасли Российской Федерации от преступных посягательств корыстной направленности. Иллюстрирован существенный ущерб, причиняемый преступными группами охраняемым общественным отношениям на национальном и международном уровнях. Проведен статистический и сравнительно-правовой анализ наиболее эффективных норм законодательства России и Казахстана, применяемых в ходе борьбы с подобной противоправной деятельностью. Предложено направление дальнейшего совершенствования российского уголовного закона. Нефтяная промышленность является одной из ведущих отраслей Российской Федерации, структурными сегментами которой являются в том числе объекты добычи, хранения, переработки и транспортировки нефти, а также объекты транспортировки, хранения и сбыта нефтепродуктов. Данные обстоятельства требуют принятия мер по ее защите от противоправных действий по хищению нефти и нефтепродуктов. Наряду с охранными, режимными и организационными мерами, которые осуществляют хозяйствующие субъекты, немаловажное значение имеет защита отрасли от преступных посягательств уголовно-правовым способом. В статье указывается необходимость совершенствования законодательства по обеспечению безопасности деятельности нефтяной отрасли, учитывая ее значение для экономики страны. Отмечается, что положительные результаты в поиске возможных путей совершенствования законодательства дает применение сравнительно-правового анализа уголовных норм СНГ по борьбе с преступностью в этой сфере деятельности. The article examines current issues of the criminal law protection of the oil industry of the Russian Federation from criminal attacks for mercenary reasons. The considerable damage caused by criminal groups to protected public relations at the national and international levels is illustrated. A statistical and comparative legal analysis of the most effective norms of the legislation of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan applied in the fight against such illegal activities has been carried out. The direction of further improvement of the Russian criminal law is proposed. The oil industry is one of the leading industries of the Russian Federation, the structural segments of that are the objects of oil production, storage, refining and transportation, as well as the objects of transportation, storage and marketing of oil product. Under these circumstances it is required totake measures for protection it from unlawful actions connected with stealing of oil and oil products. Along with security, safeguards and organizational measures that are implemented by business entities, protection of the industry from criminal attacks by a criminal law method is of no small importance. The article indicates the need to improve legislation to ensure the safety of the oil industry, based on its importance for the country's economy. It is noted that positive results in the search for possible ways to improve the legislation are provided by the use of a comparative legal analysis of the criminal norms of the CIS in the fight against crime in this area of activity.

The main types of penalties related to deprivation of liberty and their content under the Qatari Criminal Code (comparative legal analysis with certain norms of Russian legislation)

2020 ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Андрей Петрович Скиба ◽  
Андрей Владимирович Ковш ◽  
Александра Николаевна Мяханова
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Life Imprisonment

В статье проводится сравнительно-правовой анализ ряда норм катарского уголовного законодательства, а также российского уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства. Рассматриваются виды наказаний, связанных с лишением свободы, и их содержание по Уголовному кодексу Катара. Дополнительно обращается внимание на систему и содержание отдельных наказаний (в виде смертной казни, пожизненного лишения свободы и лишения свободы на определенный срок). Формулируется авторская редакция статей 57-62 Уголовного кодекса Катара, касающихся системы основных видов наказаний и их содержания. The article provides a comparative legal analysis of a number of norms of Qatari criminal law, as well as Russian criminal and penal enforcement legislation. The types of punishments related to deprivation of liberty and their content under the Qatari Criminal code are considered. In addition, attention is drawn to the system of punishments, the content of individual punishments (in the form of the death penalty, life imprisonment and imprisonment for a certain period). The author's version of articles 57-62 of the Criminal Code of Qatar concerning the system of main types of punishments and their content is formulated.

scholarly journals QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES AGAINST LIFE: COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Olha Peresada ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Criminal Protection ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Right

The article considers topical issues of definition and qualification of crimes against human life in Ukraine and abroad. It is proved that the problematic issue of criminal law protection of human life is a significant differentiation of approaches to determining the moment of its onset, which reflects the medical and social criteria for the formation of an individual who has the right to life. It is shown that Ukrainian criminal law gives a person the right to life from birth, while the correct approach is to recognize the beginning of human life and appropriate criminal protection from the moment of onset 10 days after conception, which is consistent with European experience (in particular, France) and sufficiently reflects the medical features of the period of formation of a full-fledged embryo. The article also addresses the issue of the fact that Section II of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine combines encroachment on two different generic objects - public relations for the protection of life and public relations for the protection of personal health. This provision of the criminal law of Ukraine does not correspond to the international practice on this issue. In addition, it is reasonable to believe that the two relevant categories of the object of criminal encroachment cannot be considered similar, as such an approach in certain cases can significantly complicate the classification of a criminal offense. It is emphasized that, given the exceptional importance of criminal law protection of human life, it is necessary to formulate a separate section of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which covers only crimes against life as the main object of criminal encroachment.

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