scholarly journals Discovery through Isolation of a Small Active Component from Rabies Virus, Leading to the Production of a New Effective Vaccine

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Gosse Bijlenga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Effective Vaccine

scholarly journals Overexpression of Interleukin-33 in Recombinant Rabies Virus Enhances Innate and Humoral Immune Responses through Activation of Dendritic Cell-Germinal Center Reactions

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Zhizhong Mi ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Ming Sun ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Germinal Center ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
High Level

Rabies is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by rabies virus (RABV), and its mortality rate is as high as 100%. Globally, an average of 60,000 people die from rabies each year. The most effective method to prevent and limit rabies is vaccination, but it is currently expensive and inefficient, consisting of a 3-dose series of injections and requiring to be immunized annually. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a single dose of long-acting rabies vaccine. In this study, recombinant rabies virus (rRABV) overexpressing interleukin-33 (IL-33) was constructed and designated as rLBNSE-IL33, and its effect was evaluated in a mouse model. The results showed that rLBNSE-IL33 could enhance the quick production of RABV-induced immune antibodies as early as three days post immunization (dpi) through the activation of dendritic cells (DCs), a component of the innate immune system. Furthermore, rLBNSE-IL33 induced high-level virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) production that persisted for 8 weeks by regulating the T cell-dependent germinal center (GC) reaction, thus resulting in better protection against rabies. Our data suggest the IL-33 is a novel adjuvant that could be used to enhance innate and humoral immune responses by activating the DC-GC reaction, and thus, rLBNSE-IL33 could be developed as a safe and effective vaccine for animals.

scholarly journals Rabies virus glycoprotein produced in Nicotiana benthamiana is an immunogenic antigen in mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Youngmin Park ◽  
Hyangju Kang ◽  
Kyungmin Min ◽  
Nam Hyung Kim ◽  
Minhee Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Transient Transfection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
The Third ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
A Subunit

Rabies remains an infectious disease among humans and animals, and requires the development of an effective vaccine essential to prevent rabies. Advances in molecular biology and biotechnology have led to the development and improvement of many rabies vaccines. Before the third-generation of the vaccine, rabies vaccines were based on the virus itself. Thus, even if effective, these vaccines may not be completely safe, resulting in a strong demand for the development of effective subunit vaccines that do not raise concerns about virus replication and infection in the host. This study investigated the ability of the glycoprotein of the rabies virus to be expressed in tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) and to induce an immune response in mice. Using a transient transfection, a soluble glycoprotein was successfully expressed in N. benthamiana. Fusing of five histidine residues at the C-terminus enabled the glycoprotein to be easily purified by affinity chromatography. The glycoprotein expressed in the plants was found to be N-glycosylated post-translationally, and the mice immunised with this glycoprotein generated neutralising antibodies against the rabies virus. These results suggest that a glycoprotein produced in the endoplasmic reticulum of N. benthamiana is bioactive, and might be used to generate a subunit vaccine against the rabies virus.

scholarly journals Comparative immunogenicity and efficacy studies with oral rabies virus vaccine SAD P5/88 in raccoon dogs and red foxes

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
P. Schuster ◽  
T. Müller ◽  
A. Vos ◽  
T. Selhorst ◽  
L. Neubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Oral Application ◽  
Raccoon Dogs ◽  
Efficacy Studies

A comparative study of immunogenicity and efficacy of the oral rabies virus vaccine SAD P5/88 in raccoon dogs and foxes was conducted. The raccoon dogs received 10 (n = 6), 106.3 (n = 6) or 105.7 FFU SAD P5/88 (n = 5) by direct oral application, and subsequently all animals seroconverted. The foxes received 107.2 (n = 4), 106.2 (n = 4), 105.2 (n = 4) and 104.2 FFU SAD P5/88 (n = 5) by the same route. On days 106 and 196 post vaccination 10 raccoon dogs and 16 foxes were challenged with a relevant street virus, respectively. All 10 raccoon dogs vaccinated with 106.3 (n = 5) or 105.7 FFU SAD P5/88 (n = 5) survived the challenge, whereas all control animals (n = 5) died of rabies. Two foxes vaccinated with 104.2 FFU and one fox vaccinated with 105.2 FFU died of rabies on day 7, 17 and 12 post infection, respectively. Also all control foxes succumbed to rabies. Our findings demonstrate that SAD P5/88 is not only an effective vaccine for oral vaccination of foxes but also for that of raccoon dogs.

scholarly journals An inactivated recombinant rabies virus displaying the Zika virus prM-E induces protective immunity against both pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. e0009484
Author(s):  
Hongli Jin ◽  
Cuicui Jiao ◽  
Zengguo Cao ◽  
Pei Huang ◽  
Hang Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Signal Peptide ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Recombinant Viruses ◽  
E Protein

The global spread of Zika virus (ZIKV), which caused a pandemic associated with Congenital Zika Syndrome and neuropathology in newborns and adults, prompted the pursuit of a safe and effective vaccine. Here, three kinds of recombinant rabies virus (RABV) encoding the prM-E protein of ZIKV were constructed: ZI-D (prM-E), ZI-E (transmembrane domain (TM) of prM-E replaced with RABV G) and ZI-F (signal peptide and TM domain of prM-E replaced with the region of RABV G). When the TM of prM-E was replaced with the region of RABV G (termed ZI-E), it promoted ZIKV E protein localization on the cell membrane and assembly on recombinant viruses. In addition, the change in the signal peptide with RABV G (termed ZI-F) was not conducive to foreign protein expression. The immunogenicity of recombinant viruses mixed with a complex adjuvant of ISA 201 VG and poly(I:C) was tested in BALB/c mice. After immunization with ZI-E, the anti-ZIKV IgG antibody lasted for at least 10 weeks. The titers of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against ZIKV and RABV at week 6 were all greater than the protective titers. Moreover, ZI-E stimulated the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and promoted the secretion of cytokines. It also promoted the production of central memory T cells (TCMs) among CD4+/CD8+ T cells and stimulated B cell activation and maturation. These results indicate that ZI-E could induce ZIKV-specific humoral and cellular immune responses, which have the potential to be developed into a promising vaccine for protection against both ZIKV and RABV infections.

Protection from Hg-Inactivation of Factor XIII by Mercaptalbumin

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Fantl
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Factor Xiii ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Plasma Albumin ◽  
Plasma Factor ◽  
Mercuric Ions

SummaryThe blood plasma factor XIII (fibrin stabilizing factor) is inactivated by mercuric ions and can be reactivated by serum - or plasma albumin of which the active component is mercaptalbumin. A relation between mercaptalbumin concentration and factor XIII activity is pointed out.

Histopathological and morphological alterations in salivary gland of House fly induced by oral administration Thiamethoxam.

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Mohammed Xider
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Peak Concentration ◽  
Active Component ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Duct ◽  
Feeding Process

The current work the effect of Actara insecticide belongs to chemical family Neonicotinoid. The active component of thiamethoxam in three concentrations: 0.750 ppm, 1.5 ppm and 2.25ppm   on adult house fly salivary glands. Histopathological and morphological effects revealed important alterations produced by this insecticide in histological and morphology of the adult house fly gland tissue categorized by increasing gland duct lumen diameter. These alterations are possibly related with excretion function of salivary gland might be accountable for removing this insecticide. Results show thiamethoxam is a powerful insecticide that performances histologically in salivary glant tissue, triggering alterations in the glands  form, cytoplasm  with extreme vacuolation ,disruption cell membrane, obvious disorganization tissues cells, terminating in progressive deteriorating phase with changes in nucleus glandular cell's, such alterations occurred together in its size and form of gland, disintegration of nucleus, and presence of apoptosis(fragmentation) nucleus, accelerating the process of glandular degeneration ,and interfering with feeding process of house fly particularly when the peak concentration of  insecticide  was used.

Rabies virus infection in a 21-year-old male presenting with ascending paralysis after a bat scratch

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Shay-Anne Daniels ◽  
Elizabeth M King ◽  
Christopher J Olivier ◽  
John PD Harding ◽  
Christine Fehlner-Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Rabies Virus Infection

OBTAINING RABIES VIRUS ANTIGEN AND ASSESSMENT OF ITS ACTIVITY AND SPECIFICITY IN IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY AND IMMUNOBLOT

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 (4) ◽  
pp. 138-142
Author(s):  
A. G. Mukhamedzhanova ◽  
◽  
M. A. Efimova ◽  
A. N. Chernov ◽  
K. S. Khaertynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Virus Antigen

METHOD OF DETERMINING THE IMMUNOGENIC ACTIVITY OF LIVE VACCINE AGAINST RABIES IN WILD ANIMALS IN MICE

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
V. A. Babak ◽  
A. A. Gusev ◽  
I. A. Puntus ◽  
A. S. Smailova
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Live Vaccine ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Method Of Evaluation

The results of alternative studies on the immunogenic activity of live rabies vaccines for oral immunization of wild carnivorous animals are presented. The method of evaluation of immunogenicity using a model of oral immunization in mice with experimental infection control rabies virus CVS in the dose of 10–100 MLD50/0,03 ml. Once entered immunizing dose for white mice, weighing 12–14 g were 56.200 MLD50, the titers of VNA ranged from 1:6 to 1:16 (3,0–4,0 log2) and above.

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