scholarly journals RABIA TRANSMITIDA POR MURCIÉLAGOS EN BRASIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Oliveira FAHL ◽  
Andrea Isabel Estevez GARCIA ◽  
Samira Maria ACHKAR ◽  
Enio MORI ◽  
Karen Miyuki ASANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intersectoral Cooperation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Critical Literature

<p>Frente al desafío que la rabia representa para la industria pecuaria y la salud pública en América Latina, el presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de literatura amplia y crítica sobre la epidemiología de la rabia transmitida por murciélagos en Brasil. El tema es abordado inicialmente desde una perspectiva histórica hasta la caracterización molecular de aislamientos del virus, para finalmente contrastar con la situación de otros países de las Américas. La información referente a Brasil es presentada de manera separada debido a la gran abundancia de especies de murciélagos de diversos hábitos alimenticios, implicadas en la transmisión del virus de la rabia y las complejas relaciones entre los ciclos epidemiológicos revelados por estudios de tipificación antigénica y análisis filogenético, lo  cual ha permitido reconocer con más nitidez, la importancia de los quirópteros como reservorios y transmisores de esta enfermedad.  Este nuevo escenario epidemiológico exige reexaminar las medidas de control aplicadas hasta el momento, desde un abordaje multidisciplinar, así como cooperación intersectorial y participación por parte de la comunidad. </p><p><strong>Rabies Transmitted by Bats in Brazil</strong></p><p><strong><br /></strong>Considering that rabies represents a challenge for the livestock industry and public health in Latin America, this article is intended to do a comprehensive and critical literature review on the epidemiology of rabies transmitted by bats in Brazil. The subject is addressed from a historical perspective to molecular characterization of rabies virus isolates and finally making a contrast with other countries of the Americas. Information concerning Brazil is presented separately because of the abundance of bats species with different feeding habits, involved in the transmission of rabies virus and the complex relationships between epidemiological cycles in this country, which have been disclosed by antigenic typing and phylogenetic analysis. This has allowed to recognize more clearly the importance of bats as reservoirs and transmitters of this disease. This new epidemiological scenario requires reappraising current control measures, using a multidisciplinary approach, intersectoral cooperation and community participation</p><p align="center"> </p>

The Image of the Accountant in a German Context

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Hoffjan
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Maximum Degree ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Management Accountant ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Professional Context

This study introduces content analysis as a method of examining the accountant's role. The empirical study is based on 73 advertisements, which are directed primarily at employees who are affected by the management accountant's work. The findings of the study indicate that the subject of accountancy is used particularly in connection with promises of “cost reduction.” Consequently, the majority of advertisements use the accountant stereotype of “savings personified.” In a professional context, the work ethic of the management accountant is given particular emphasis in the advertisements. He/she identifies him/herself with his/her task to the maximum degree, is regarded as loyal to his/her company and, for the most part, is well organized in his/her work. However, the characterization of the management accountant as a well disciplined company-person conflicts with the negative portrayal of his/her professional qualities. In advertisements, the management accountant is portrayed as a rather inflexible, passive, and uncreative specialist who, as a result of these qualities, often demotivates others. The personal characteristics of the management accountant are shown in a negative light. This gives him/her the unappealing image of a humorless, envious, dissociated, and ascetic corporate-person.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic Complexity of Morphologically Identified Anopheles squamosus in Southern Zambia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Jordan Hoffman ◽  
Ilinca Ciubotariu ◽  
Limonty Simubali ◽  
Twig Mudenda ◽  
William Moss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blood Meal Source ◽  
Residual Malaria Transmission

Despite dramatic reductions in malaria cases in the catchment area of Macha Hospital, Choma District, Southern Province in Zambia, prevalence has remained near 1–2% by RDT for the past several years. To investigate residual malaria transmission in the area, this study focuses on the relative abundance, foraging behavior, and phylogenetic relationships of Anopheles squamosus specimens. In 2011, higher than expected rates of anthropophily were observed among “zoophilic” An. squamosus, a species that had sporadically been found to contain Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites. The importance of An. squamosus in the region was reaffirmed in 2016 when P. falciparum sporozoites were detected in numerous An. squamosus specimens. This study analyzed Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light trap collections of adult mosquitoes from two collection schemes: one performed as part of a reactive-test-and-treat program and the second performed along a geographical transect. Morphological identification, molecular verification of anopheline species, and blood meal source were determined on individual samples. Data from these collections supported earlier studies demonstrating An. squamosus to be primarily exophagic and zoophilic, allowing them to evade current control measures. The phylogenetic relationships generated from the specimens in this study illustrate the existence of well supported clade structure among An. squamosus specimens, which further emphasizes the importance of molecular identification of vectors. The primarily exophagic behavior of An. squamosus in these collections also highlights that indoor vector control strategies will not be sufficient for elimination of malaria in southern Zambia.

scholarly journals Timing and Route of Contamination of Patient Rooms With Healthcare-Associated Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s412-s412
Author(s):  
Sarah Redmond ◽  
Jennifer Cadnum ◽  
Basya Pearlmutter ◽  
Natalia Pinto Herrera ◽  
Curtis Donskey
Keyword(s):  
Acute Care Hospital ◽  
Current Control ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Spa Typing ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Background: Transmission of healthcare-associated pathogens such as Clostridioides difficile and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a persistent problem in healthcare facilities despite current control measures. A better understanding of the routes of pathogen transmission is needed to develop effective control measures. Methods: We conducted an observational cohort study in an acute-care hospital to identify the timing and route of transfer of pathogens to rooms of newly admitted patients with negative MRSA nares results and no known carriage of other healthcare-associated pathogens. Rooms were thoroughly cleaned and disinfected prior to patient admission. Interactions of patients with personnel and portable equipment were observed, and serial cultures for pathogens were collected from the skin of patients and from surfaces, including those observed to come in contact with personnel and equipment. For MRSA, spa typing was used to determine relatedness of patient and environmental isolates. Results: For the 17 patients enrolled, 1 or more environmental cultures became positive for MRSA in rooms of 10 patients (59%), for C. difficile in rooms of 2 patients (12%) and for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in rooms of 2 patients (12%). The patients interacted with an average of 2.4 personnel and 0.6 portable devices per hour of observation. As shown in Figure 1, MRSA contamination of the floor occurred rapidly as personnel entered the room. In a subset of patients, MRSA was subsequently recovered from patients’ socks and bedding and ultimately from the high-touch surfaces in the room (tray table, call button, bedrail). For several patients, MRSA isolates recovered from the floor had the same spa type as isolates subsequently recovered from other sites (eg, socks, bedding, and/or high touch surfaces). The direct transfer of healthcare-associated pathogens from personnel or equipment to high-touch surfaces was not detected. Conclusions: Healthcare-associated pathogens rapidly accumulate on the floor of patient rooms and can be transferred to the socks and bedding of patients and to high-touch surfaces. Healthcare facility floors may be an underappreciated source of pathogen dissemination not addressed by current infection control measures.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

scholarly journals Physical Characterization of Rabies Virus Haemagglutinin

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Murphy ◽  
P. E. Halonen ◽  
G. W. Gary ◽  
D. R. Reese
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Physical Characterization ◽  
Virus Haemagglutinin

Characterization of rabies virus from a human case in Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Pant ◽  
D. L. Horton ◽  
M. Dahal ◽  
J. N. Rai ◽  
S. Ide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Case

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Cryptically Circulating Rabies Virus from Ferret Badgers, Taiwan

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 790-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hue-Ying Chiou ◽  
Chia-Hung Hsieh ◽  
Chian-Ren Jeng ◽  
Fang-Tse Chan ◽  
Hurng-Yi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rabies Virus

scholarly journals Axiomatization and Measurement of Quasi-Hyperbolic Discounting *

2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 1449-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Montiel Olea ◽  
Tomasz Strzalecki
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Discounting ◽  
Partial Identification ◽  
Axiomatic Characterization ◽  
Discount Factors ◽  
Elasticity Of Intertemporal Substitution ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Subject Pool ◽  
Identification Approach ◽  
The Subject

Abstract This article provides an axiomatic characterization of quasi-hyperbolic discounting and a more general class of semi-hyperbolic preferences. We impose consistency restrictions directly on the intertemporal trade-offs by relying on what we call “annuity compensations.” Our axiomatization leads naturally to an experimental design that disentangles discounting from the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. In a pilot experiment we use the partial identification approach to estimate bounds for the distributions of discount factors in the subject pool. Consistent with previous studies, we find evidence for both present and future bias.

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