scholarly journals Una solución a la pobreza: el establecimiento de las escuelas de artes y oficios en México durante el siglo XIX. El caso jalisciense

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 145-171
Author(s):  
Verónica González Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
School Officials ◽  
Academic Instruction ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
State Guard

Este artículo explica el desarrollo de la instrucción en las artes y los oficios en México durante el siglo XIX. Así, se intentará demostrar que las escuelas de artes y oficios fueron responsabilizadas de la formación de futuros trabajadores y ciudadanos industriosos. Sin embargo, los planes en torno a tales planteles tuvieron limitado éxito en su tarea. Este último razonamiento se observará a través del ejemplo jalisciense. Ya que se verán las dificultades por las que pasó la Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Jalisco. Para demostrar esta situación, se recurrirán a fuentes de primera mano: las cartas de solicitud y salida de los educandos del plantel, así como las declaraciones escritas de los funcionarios escolares y gubernamentales. De tal forma, se mostrará los actores principales de esta trama: el estado protector y los sujetos destinados a convertirse en hombres de bien.Palabras clave: instrucción, pobreza, artes y oficios, ciudadano, estado. A Solution to Poverty: the Establishment of the Schools of Arts and Crafts in Mexico During the Nineteenth Century. The Case of JaliscoAbstractThis article explains the development of academic instruction in the arts and crafts in Mexico during the nineteenth century. Thus, we seek to demonstrate that schools of arts and crafts were blamed for the training of future workers and citizens industrious. However, such plans around schools had limited success in their task. This last argument will be seen through the example of Jalisco. As will be difficulties he went through the “Escuela de Artes y Oficios de Jalisco”. To demonstrate this situation, resort to primary sources: letters of application and departure of students on campus, as well as written statements from school officials and government. Thus, it will display the main actors in this plot: the state guard and subjects destined to become good men.Keywords: instruction, poverty, arts and crafts, citizen, state. 

William Morris’s ‘Work-Pleasure’: Literature, Science and Fine Art

2018 ◽  
pp. 163-185
Author(s):  
Philipp Erchinger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Arts And Crafts Movement ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Aesthetic

This chapter seeks to elucidate nineteenth-century conceptions of art as fine art. Taking its cue from Raymond Williams’s account of a divorce of (fine) art from (technical) work, the chapter pursues various attempts to define the aesthetic specificity of the fine arts, including literature in the narrow sense, in relation to other ways of exercising skill, including the use of experimental methods in the sciences. In this way, it seeks to show that the idea of the aesthetic, despite all attempts to purify it, remained deeply entangled in a net of work, in which experiences of pleasure (or beauty) and playfulness had not yet been separated from material practices of making useful things. As is further explained, the idea of a mutual inclusiveness of pleasure and use was pivotal to the arts and crafts movement, especially to the creative practice of William Morris. Finally, the chapter pursues Morris’s concept of “work-pleasure”, as derived from his News from Nowhere, through a wider debate about the complex relations between the sciences and the (fine) arts.

Meaning and ‘Material Reality’: Jane Morris’ Keepsake Books

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Johanna Amos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Book Arts ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Arts And Crafts Movement ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Material Reality ◽  
Collaborative Working ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Though long overshadowed by her socialist–designer husband, Jane Burden Morris, wife of arts and crafts pioneer William Morris, has begun to receive recognition for her contributions to the alternative art movements of the nineteenth century, including her work as a Pre-Raphaelite model and arts and crafts embroiderer. This article furthers this exploration by examining Jane Morris’ engagement with the book arts. Through an analysis of the textual, visual and material qualities of four keepsake volumes Morris made c.1880, this article considers how the books illuminate Morris’ material reality and emphasize their maker’s commitment to socialist ideals, artistic labour, and collaborative working. It further situates Morris’ keepsake volumes within the nineteenth-century reinvigoration of the book arts and the arts and crafts movement in order to consider the ways in which arts and crafts ideals penetrated amateur domestic production.

Nineteenth Century Wood Engraving: its commercial decline

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-234
Author(s):  
Jan Conway
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Arts And Crafts Movement ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Original Interpretation

The use of wood engraving as a method of graphic reproduction for books, periodicals and newspapers continued for a surprisingly long time after the development of photographic methods. End-grain boxwood engraving was a truly Victorian phenomenon and an understanding of the strengths, weaknesses, versatility and limitations of this technique may perhaps best be reached through an exploration of its commercial decline. The period 1860–1900 saw a combination of competing technical, economic and aesthetic demands influencing the development of illustrative processes and eventually led to the end of commercial wood engraving. A form of engraving closer to Bewick's original interpretation of the craft re-emerged through the arts and crafts movement and the establishment of private presses during the inter-war period.

The Deradicalization of the Policeman: A Historical Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyril D. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
Government Action ◽  
Union Movement ◽  
State Police ◽  
State Guard

This paper attacks the commonly held view that police are naturally con servative. It looks at the police function historically and treats the police man as a worker-whose relationship to government is determined by his contradictory position as a member of the working class used by the rul ing elite to control other members of the working class. From this point of view, the author reviews a series of attempts, at the end of the nineteenth century, to police the working class. Creation of the professionalized state police resulted from the inadequacy of the local po lice, local militia, the state guard, and the army in protecting the ruling elite. The paper relates the growth of police unions to the union movement in general and traces the increased police militancy from the Boston police strike of 1919 to the present. Finally, it evaluates the nature of police militancy and concludes that the police do adhere to standards of Ameri can working-class militancy. They can be considered radical in that their actions restrict or have the potential to restrict government action.

Land Privatization in Nineteenth-century Ottoman Palestine

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadav Solomonovich ◽  
Ruth Kark
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Simple Property ◽  
Land Privatization ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

This article examines land privatization in late nineteenth-century Ottoman Palestine through the extension of possession in miri lands, on the one hand, and its transformation into fee-simple property through change in land category classification (i.e., miri to mülk), on the other. Using primary sources, particularly Ottoman documents and correspondence of the German Consulate in Jerusalem, we analyze this process, as reflected in several cases involving foreign subjects and Ottoman authorities. We argue that privatization began as informal violations of the law, proceeded with the struggle of landholders against authorities who tried to reverse the process, and ended in victory for the landholders after the state ceded to their demands, inter alia, as a result of pressure from foreign nations and their consuls. Thus did de facto land privatization become de jure privatization.


scholarly journals Formation of the architecture of Ukraine based on longstanding measurement standards

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-314
Author(s):  
Olena Khramova-Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Fundamental Study ◽  
Measurement Standards ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
History Of

The article, on the basis of a fundamental study of literature and its thorough analysis, highlights the importance of measurements in the cultural aspect of the development of the country and types of art. The analysis of literary sources is carried out, which confirms the influence of the formation of measurement standards on the development of the main types of art. The relevance of the topic is to show the connection between the development of technical thought and the formation of art forms, which has become one of the foundations of the general development of the culture of the state. I. Babenko, M. Bieliaiev, D. Mendelieiev, E. Kamentseva, B. Rybakov and others made a great contribution to the formation and development of measurement standards that influenced the cultural development of the state. In their fundamental works one can find information on the influence of measurement on formation and development of architecture, arts and crafts. But these materials do not give a complete picture of the conceptual significance of the influence of technical thought on art and the cultural development of the state. The purpose of the article is to show the influence of the technical thought development, namely the metrological foundations, on the development of the arts. The centuries-old history of metrology is useful for the development of society, although its origin and development are covered only in scattered sources. One of the fundamental studies of the origin of measures was the works of I. Babenko “Metrology”, M. Bieliaiev “On ancient and modern Russian measures of extension and weight”, and B. Rybakov in his writings presented fathoms as geometric lines of the calculation table of architects (Babylon). The history of measurements is highlighted in the literature and is mainly devoted to the processes on the formation of metrological concepts among the Skifiia, Sarmatiia, the Zarubinets and Cherniakhiv cultures, the Northern Prychornomoria, of Kyivska Rus, Moskoviia and other. Neither in the ancient world, nor in the Middle Ages there was a metrological service, but there is information about the implementation of standards and storage of measures, as well as about the verification of measuring instruments. Accurate measurements and calculations allowed the architect to achieve harmony in the creation of architectural monuments.

scholarly journals Una visión decimonónica de la España de Carlos IV: diseños para la zarzuela Pan y Toros (1864) en las colecciones municipales de Madrid = A Nineteenth-Century Vision of Charles IV Spain: Designs for the Zarzuela Pan y Toros (1864) in the Municipal Collections of Madrid

2019 ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Guillermo Juberías Gracia
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
National Image ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Siglo Xix

La Biblioteca Histórica y el Museo de Historia de Madrid atesoran el borrador autógrafo de la partitura, el manuscrito original del libreto y los figurines diseñados para el estreno en 1864 de la zarzuela Pan y Toros, compuesta por Francisco Asenjo Barbieri, una de las más célebres del repertorio musical español de mediados del siglo XIX. El presente artículo arroja datos inéditos sobre este patrimonio documental y artístico escasamente difundido, asegurando al pintor Manuel Castellano como autor de los figurines y localizando las fuentes de las que se sirvió para ambientar esta obra en la España de Carlos IV. Del mismo modo, se analizan dos diseños para el escenario del segundo acto, conservados en el libreto original de José Picón. A lo largo del artículo se trazan vínculos entre este repertorio dedicado al espectáculo y otras obras literarias y pictóricas inspiradas en ese mismo periodo histórico, demostrando cómo ese imaginario goyesco acabó siendo determinante para la configuración de la imagen nacional de España en las artes del siglo XIX.AbstractThe Historical Library and the Museum of History of Madrid hoard the score, the original libretto and the dress designs for the 1864 premiere of the zarzuela Pan y Toros composed by Francisco Asenjo Barbieri, one of the most famous pieces of the Spanish musical repertoire from mid-19th century. This article generates unpublished data on this scarcely disseminated heritage, assuring the painter Manuel Castellano as author of the dress designs and locating the sources used to set this work in the Spain of Charles IV. In the same way, two designs are analyzed for the setting of the second act preserved in the original libretto by José Picón. Throughout the article, several links are drawn between this repertoire dedicated to the show and other literary and pictorial works inspired by that same historical period, as well as demonstrating how that goyaesque imaginary became decisive for the configuration of the national image of Spain in the arts of the nineteenth century.

scholarly journals Criminalidad en la Baja Frontera: el caso del antiguo Departamento de Lautaro, 1849-1869.

2015 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Carlos Ibarra Rebolledo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Siglo Xix

ResumenA mediados del siglo XIX, la Araucanía comenzaba a enfrentar el interés tanto de empresarios como del Estado de Chile por lograr penetrar cada vez más enterritorio mapuche, lo cual implicaba hacer valer su soberanía por medio de la institucionalidad vigente. En este contexto es que uno de los problemas másgraves por solucionar fue el desarrollo de la criminalidad en la Baja Frontera,de la cual analizamos la sección costera donde, paralelamente, se estaban dando procesos modernizadores de corte industrial.Palabras clave: Criminalidad, vida fronteriza, justicia estatal, modernidad. Criminality in the low border: The case of Lautaro old department, 1849-1869AbstractIn the mid-Nineteenth Century, the Araucania began to face the interestsof entrepreneurs and the State of Chile for penetrating deeper in Mapucheterritory, which meant to assert their sovereignty through existing institutions.In this context, one of the most serious problems to solve was the developmentof criminality in the low border. We analyze the coastal section where parallelmodernizing processes of industrial nature were occurring.Keywords: criminality, border life, State justice, modernity.

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