scholarly journals Letter to the editor: The 2021 Physics Nobel Prize and the understanding of complex physical systems

MOMENTO ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. I-X
Author(s):  
Ernesto P. Raposo ◽  
Anderson S. L. Gomes ◽  
Cid B. De Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Fiber Lasers ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Random Lasers ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Letter To The Editor

The 2021 Physics Nobel Prize was awarded to Syukuro Manabe, Klaus Hasselmann, and Giorgio Parisi for their “groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of complex physical systems.” Here we review some of the ideas and results which served as the scientific basis to the award. We also comment on the works by our research group on the complex systems properties of random lasers and random fiber lasers.  

scholarly journals Disorder and fluctuations in complex physical systems: Nobel Prize winner in physics 2021 Giorgio Parisi

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav M. Tyutyunnik
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Spin Glasses ◽  
Physical Modelling ◽  
Nobel Prize Winner ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Hidden Patterns ◽  
Earth’S Climate

In 2021, the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded “for innovative contributions to our understanding of complex systems,” with half awarded jointly to Shukuro Manabe and Klaus Hasselmann “for the physical modelling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming”, and the other half to Giorgio Parisi “for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scales”. Parisi discovered hidden patterns in disordered, complex materials. His discoveries are one of the most important contributions to the theory of complex systems. He proved that equilibrium is never achieved in spin glasses, because frustrations do not allow all limitations to be satisfied. In reality, there are an infinite number of practically equilibrium states in which frustrations tend to a minimum. Parisi’s research interests cover 14 different directions.

scholarly journals Cooperative Evolution of China’s Excellent Innovative Research Groups from the Perspective of Innovation Ecosystem: Taking an “Environmental Biogeochemistry” Research Innovation Group as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12584
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Shu Liu ◽  
Zhijian Li
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Innovation Ecosystem ◽  
Team Cooperation ◽  
Innovative Research ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
Peking University ◽  
Cooperation Network ◽  
External Governance

Research, understanding, and prediction of complex systems is an important starting point for human beings to tackle major problems and emergencies such as global warming and COVID-19. Research on innovation ecosystem is an important part of research on complex systems. With the rapid development of sophisticated industries, the rise of innovative countries, and the newly developed innovation theory, innovation ecosystem has become a new explanation and new paradigm for adapting to today’s global innovation cooperation network and the scientific development of complex systems, which is also in line with China’s concept of building an innovative country and promoting comprehensive innovation and international cooperation with scientific and technological innovation as the core. The Innovative Research Group at Peking University is the most representative scientific and technological innovation team in the frontier field of basic research in China. The characteristics of its organization mechanism and dynamic evolution connotation are consistent with the characteristics and evolution of innovation ecosystem. An excellent innovative research group is regarded as a small innovation ecosystem. We selected the “Environmental Biogeochemistry” Innovation Research Group at Peking University as a typical case in order to understand and analyze the evolution of cooperation among scientific and technological innovation teams, improve the healthy development as well as internal and external governance of this special small innovation ecosystem, promote the expansion of an innovation team cooperation network and the improvement of cooperation quality, promote the linkage supports of funding and management departments, and improve their scientific and technological governance abilities. Through scientometrics, visual analysis of knowledge maps, and an exploratory case study, we study the evolution process and development law of team cooperation. It is found that the main node authors of the cooperation network maintain strong cooperation frequency and centrality, and gradually strengthen with the expansion of the cooperation network and the evolution of time. Driven by the internal cooperative governance of the team and the external governance of the funding and management departments, this group has gradually formed a healthy, orderly, open, and cooperative special innovation ecosystem, which is conducive to the stability and sustainable development of the national innovation ecosystem and the global innovation ecosystem.

1. Complex systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Holland
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Distinctive Property ◽  
Adaptive Interaction

What is complexity? A complex system, such as a tropical rainforest, is a tangled web of interactions and exhibits a distinctive property called ‘emergence’, roughly described by ‘the action of the whole is more than the sum of the actions of the parts’. This chapter explains that the interactions of interest are non-linear and thus hierarchical organization is closely tied to emergence. Complex systems explains several kinds of telltale behaviour: emergent behaviour, self-organization, chaotic behaviour, ‘fat-tailed behaviour’, and adaptive interaction. The field of complexity studies has split into two subfields that examine two different kinds of emergence: complex physical systems and complex adaptive systems.

Quantum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance Fortnow
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Richard Feynman

This chapter examines the power of quantum computing, as well as the related concepts of quantum cryptography and teleportation. In 1982, the Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman noticed there was no simple way of simulating quantum physical systems using digital computers. He turned this problem into an opportunity—perhaps a computational device based on quantum mechanics could solve problems more efficiently than more traditional computers. In the decades that followed, computer scientists and physicists, often working together, showed in theory that quantum computers can solve certain problems, such as factoring numbers, much faster. Whether one can actually build large or even medium-scale working quantum computers and determine exactly what these computers can or cannot do still remain significant challenges.

scholarly journals Multilevel Simulation Methodology for FMECA Study Applied to a Complex Cyber-Physical System

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1736
Author(s):  
Davide Piumatti ◽  
Jacopo Sini ◽  
Stefano Borlo ◽  
Matteo Sonza Reorda ◽  
Radu Bojoi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Physical System ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Cyber Physical System ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Failure Classification ◽  
High Level ◽  
Criticality Analysis

Complex systems are composed of numerous interconnected subsystems, each designed to perform specific functions. The different subsystems use many technological items that work together, as for the case of cyber-physical systems. Typically, a cyber-physical system is composed of different mechanical actuators driven by electrical power devices and monitored by sensors. Several approaches are available for designing and validating complex systems, and among them, behavioral-level modeling is becoming one of the most popular. When such cyber-physical systems are employed in mission- or safety-critical applications, it is mandatory to understand the impacts of faults on them and how failures in subsystems can propagate through the overall system. In this paper, we propose a methodology for supporting the failure mode, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) aimed at identifying the critical faults and assessing their effects on the overall system. The end goal is to analyze how a fault affecting a single subsystem possibly propagates through the whole cyber-physical system, considering also the embedded software and the mechanical elements. In particular, our approach allows the analysis of the propagation through the whole system (working at high level) of a fault injected at low level. This paper provides a solution to automate the FMECA process (until now mainly performed manually) for complex cyber-physical systems. It improves the failure classification effectiveness: considering our test case, it reduced the number of critical faults from 10 to 6. The remaining four faults are mitigated by the cyber-physical system architecture. The proposed approach has been tested on a real cyber-physical system in charge of driving a three-phase motor for industrial compressors, showing its feasibility and effectiveness.

scholarly journals Interpretación administrativa de la novela “La Caverna” de José Saramago

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-43
Author(s):  
Jaime Ignacio Bermúdez Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Jose Saramago ◽  
Literary Narrative ◽  
Administrative Theory

De manera introductoria se expone, brevemente, el significado del proyecto Relaciones entre Literatura y Administración, inscrito en la Dirección de Investigaciones (DIN) de la UPTC, por el grupo de investigación Proyectos Organizacionales para el Desarrollo Empresarial de la Región (PODER). Se identifican las categorías analíticas de la teoría administrativa, que constituyen aspectos sustanciales en la enseñanza y aprendizaje de la Administración, de tal forma que son losreferentes para interpretar, a la luz del pensamiento administrativo, las situaciones particulares, los diferentes matices y los casos puntuales que pueden descubrirse en la ficción de la narrativa literaria. En este artículo se presenta un avance de la investigación, que, en este caso particular, elabora la interpretación administrativa de la novela “La Caverna” del premio nobel de literatura José Saramago. Para tal efecto se desarrollan dos grandes temáticas tituladas: La incompatibilidad entre capital industrial y trabajo artesanal, y, El Centro Comercial vs. El Alfarero.PALABRAS CLAVEAlfarero, Centro Comercial, categorías analíticas, figurillas, jefe, mercadeo, producción. ABSTRACTOf introductory way it is exposed, briefly, the significance of the project “Relations between Literature and Administration”, inscribed in the Research Direction (DIN) of the UPTC, by research group Organizational Projects for the Region’s Business Development (PODER). Analytical categories of administrative theory which constitute substantial aspects in the teaching and learning of the Administration are dentified, in such a way that they are referring for interpret, in the light of administrative thought, specific situations, the different shades and the isolatedcases that can be discovered in the fiction of the literary narrative. This article presents a preview of the research, which in this particular case, it makes the administrative interpretation of the novel “La Caverna” written by the Nobel prize for literature “José Saramago”. For this purpose two great themes are developed, they are entitled: The incompatibility between industrial capital and craft work, and, The Shopping Center vs. the Potter.KEY WORDSPotter, Shopping Center, analytical categories, figurines, chief, marketing, production. 

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