Quantum

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance Fortnow
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Richard Feynman

This chapter examines the power of quantum computing, as well as the related concepts of quantum cryptography and teleportation. In 1982, the Nobel prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman noticed there was no simple way of simulating quantum physical systems using digital computers. He turned this problem into an opportunity—perhaps a computational device based on quantum mechanics could solve problems more efficiently than more traditional computers. In the decades that followed, computer scientists and physicists, often working together, showed in theory that quantum computers can solve certain problems, such as factoring numbers, much faster. Whether one can actually build large or even medium-scale working quantum computers and determine exactly what these computers can or cannot do still remain significant challenges.

Unsettled Topics Concerning the Impact of Quantum Technologies on Automotive Cybersecurity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Taiber ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Encrypted Data ◽  
Automated Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Technologies ◽  
Post Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Vehicle Sensors ◽  
The Impact

Quantum computing is considered the “next big thing” when it comes to solving computational problems impossible to tackle using conventional computers. However, a major concern is that quantum computers could be used to crack current cryptographic schemes designed to withstand traditional cyberattacks. This threat also impacts future automated vehicles as they become embedded in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) ecosystem. In this scenario, encrypted data is transmitted between a complex network of cloud-based data servers, vehicle-based data servers, and vehicle sensors and controllers. While the vehicle hardware ages, the software enabling V2X interactions will be updated multiple times. It is essential to make the V2X ecosystem quantum-safe through use of “post-quantum cryptography” as well other applicable quantum technologies. This SAE EDGE™ Research Report considers the following three areas to be unsettled questions in the V2X ecosystem: How soon will quantum computing pose a threat to connected and automated vehicle technologies? What steps and measures are needed to make a V2X ecosystem “quantum-safe?” What standardization is needed to ensure that quantum technologies do not pose an unacceptable risk from an automotive cybersecurity perspective?

scholarly journals Qubit, Quantum Entanglement and all that: Quantum Computing Made Simple

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Zion Elani
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
The World ◽  
Media Hype ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fully Functioning

Quantum computing, a fancy word resting on equally fancy fundamentals in quantum mechanics, has become a media hype, a mainstream topic in popular culture and an eye candy for high-tech company researchers and investors alike. Quantum computing has the power to provide faster, more efficient, secure and accurate computing solutions for emerging future innovations. Governments the world over, in collaboration with high-tech companies, pour in billions of dollars for the advancement of computing solutions quantum-based and for the development of fully functioning quantum computers that may one day aid in or even replace classical computers. Despite much hype and publicity, most people do not understand what quantum computing is, nor do they comprehend the significance of the developments required in this field, and the impact it may have on the future. Through these lecture notes, we embark on a pedagogic journey of understanding quantum computing, gradually revealing the concepts that form its basis, later diving in a vast pool of future possibilities that lie ahead, concluding with understanding and acknowledging some major hindrance and speed breaking bumpers in their path.

scholarly journals Machine Learning: A Quantum Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Jhanwar ◽  
Manisha J. Nene
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Chip Fabrication ◽  
Classical Computing

Recently, increased availability of the data has led to advances in the field of machine learning. Despite of the growth in the domain of machine learning, the proximity to the physical limits of chip fabrication in classical computing is motivating researchers to explore the properties of quantum computing. Since quantum computers leverages the properties of quantum mechanics, it carries the ability to surpass classical computers in machine learning tasks. The study in this paper contributes in enabling researchers to understand how quantum computers can bring a paradigm shift in the field of machine learning. This paper addresses the concepts of quantum computing which influences machine learning in a quantum world. It also states the speedup observed in different machine learning algorithms when executed on quantum computers. The paper towards the end advocates the use of quantum application software and throw light on the existing challenges faced by quantum computers in the current scenario.

Post-Quantum Lattice-Based Cryptography

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-123
Author(s):  
Aarti Dadheech
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Future Internet ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Quantum Lattice ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Cryptographic Algorithms ◽  
The Future ◽  
Lattice Based Cryptography

Quantum cryptography is a branch of cryptography that is a mixture of quantum mechanics and classical cryptography. The study of quantum cryptography is to design cryptographic algorithms and protocols that are against quantum computing attacks. In this chapter, the authors focus on analyzing characteristics of the quantum-proof cryptosystem and its applications in the future internet. Lattice-based cryptography provides a much stronger belief of security, in that the average-case of certain problems is equivalent to the worst-case of those problems. With the increase in cryptanalytic attacks conventional cryptographic schemes will soon become obsolete. As the reality of quantum computing approaches, these cryptosystems will need to be replaced with efficient quantum-resistant cryptosystems. We need an alternate security mechanism which is as hard as the existing number theoretic approaches. In this chapter, the authors discuss the security dimension of lattice-based cryptography whose strength lies in the hardness of lattice problems and also study its application areas.

scholarly journals Andrew Chi-Chih Yao: the future of quantum computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-602
Author(s):  
Mu-ming Poo ◽  
Ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Quantum Properties ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Founding Director ◽  
World Class ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Richard Feynman

ABSTRACT Quantum computing and quantum computers have attracted much attention from both the academic community and industry in recent years. By exploiting the quantum properties of materials, scientists are aiming to overcome Moore's law of miniaturization and develop novel quantum computers. The concept of quantum computing was first introduced by the distinguished physicist Richard Feynman in 1981. As one of the early pioneers in this field, Turing Award laureate Andrew Chi-Chih Yao made a seminal contribution in developing the theoretical basis for quantum computation in 1993. Since 2011, he has served as the founding director of Tsinghua University's Center for Quantum Information (CQI), which aims to become a world-class research center for quantum computing. In a recent interview with NSR, Yao recounted the history of quantum computing and expressed his view on the future of this field. He suggests that quantum computers could excel in many tasks such as the design of new materials and drugs as well as in the simulation of chemical reactions, but they may not supersede traditional computers in tasks for which traditional computers are already proven to be highly efficient.

Can Quantum Computers Solve Linear Algebra Problems to Advance Engineering Applications?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglei Xu ◽  
William S. Oates
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Linear Algebra ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Finite Difference Methods ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Quantum Circuit ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Classical Computing ◽  
Richard Feynman

Since its inception by Richard Feynman in 1982, quantum computing has provided an intriguing opportunity to advance computational capabilities over classical computing. Classical computers use bits to process information in terms of zeros and ones. Quantum computers use the complex world of quantum mechanics to carry out calculations using qubits (the quantum analog of a classical bit). The qubit can be in a superposition of the zero and one state simultaneously unlike a classical bit. The true power of quantum computing comes from the complexity of entanglement between many qubits. When entanglement is realized, quantum algorithms for problems such as factoring numbers and solving linear algebra problems show exponential speed-up relative to any known classical algorithm. Linear algebra problems are of particular interest in engineering application for solving problems that use finite element and finite difference methods. Here, we explore quantum linear algebra problems where we design and implement a quantum circuit that can be tested on IBM’s quantum computing hardware. A set of quantum gates are assimilated into a circuit and implemented on the IBM Q system to demonstrate its algorithm capabilities and its measurement methodology.

scholarly journals Programming gate-based hardware quantum computers for music

Muzikologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Alexis Kirke
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Computer Music ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Future Contribution ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Quantum Processes ◽  
D Wave

There have been significant attempts previously to use the equations of quantum mechanics for generating sound, and to sonify simulated quantum processes. For new forms of computation to be utilized in computer music, eventually hardware must be utilized. This has rarely happened with quantum computer music. One reason for this is that it is currently not easy to get access to such hardware. A second is that the hardware available requires some understanding of quantum computing theory. This paper moves forward the process by utilizing two hardware quantum computation systems: IBMQASM v1.1 and a D-Wave 2X. It also introduces the ideas behind the gate-based IBM system, in a way hopefully more accessible to computerliterate readers. This is a presentation of the first hybrid quantum computer algorithm, involving two hardware machines. Although neither of these algorithms explicitly utilize the promised quantum speed-ups, they are a vital first step in introducing QC to the musical field. The article also introduces some key quantum computer algorithms and discusses their possible future contribution to computer music.

The Essence of Quantum Computing

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra K. Bera
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Computation ◽  
Quantum Algorithms ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Efficient Computation

In Part I we laid the foundation on which quantum algorithms are built. In part II we harnessed such exotic aspects of quantum mechanics as superposition, entanglement and collapse of quantum states to show how powerful quantum algorithms can be constructed for efficient computation. In Part III (the concluding part) we discuss two aspects of quantum computation: (1) the problem of correcting errors that inevitably plague physical quantum computers during computations, by algorithmic means; and (2) a possible underlying mechanism for the collapse of the wave function during measurement.

Quantum Computing Memoir: Quantum Mechanics, Architectural Developments and its Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2198-2200
Author(s):  
Abhay Patil
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Computing ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Physical Science ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Edge Method ◽  
Limited Scope

Abstract: Quantum computing is a cutting edge method of computing that depends on the study of quantum mechanics and its staggering marvels. It is an excellent blend of physical science, arithmetic, computer science and data hypothesis. It gives high computational force, less energy utilization and remarkable speed over old-style computers by controlling the conduct of little actual articles for example minuscule particles like iotas, electrons, photons, and so forth Here, we present a prologue to the crucial ideas and a few thoughts of quantum computing. To comprehend the true abilities and difficulties of a pragmatic quantum computer that can be dispatched financially, the paper covers the engineering, equipment, programming, plan, types and calculations that are explicitly needed by quantum computers. It reveals the ability of quantum computers that can affect our lives in different perspectives like network safety, traffic enhancement, medications, man-made reasoning and some more. Limited scope quantum computers are being grown as of late. This improvement is going towards an incredible future because of their high possible abilities and headways in continuous exploration. Prior to zeroing in on the meanings of a broadly useful quantum computer and investigating the force of the new emerging innovation, it is smarter to survey the beginning, possibilities, and restrictions of the current conventional computing. This data helps us in understanding the potential difficulties in creating outlandish and serious innovation. It will likewise give us an understanding of the continuous advancement in this field. Keywords: Realtime Systems, Programming Processors, Quantum Theory, Quantum Computing

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