scholarly journals Main fungal partners and different levels of specificity of orchid mycorrhizae in the tropical mountain forests of Ecuador

Lankesteriana ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Suárez ◽  
Ingrid Kottke
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Tropical Mountain Rain Forest ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Different Levels

Orchids are a main component of the diversity of vascular plants in Ecuador with approximately 4000 species representing about 5.3% of the orchid species described worldwide. More than a third of these species are endemics. As orchids, in contrast to other plants, depend on mycorrhizal fungi already for seed germination and early seedling establishment, availability of appropriate fungi may strongly influence distribution of orchid populations. It is currently debated if green orchids depend on specific mycobionts or may be equally promoted by a broad spectrum of mycorrhizal fungi, discussion mostly based on data from temperate regions. Here we summarize results obtained from broad scale investigations in the tropical mountain rain forest of Ecuador revealing associations with members of Serendipitaceae (Sebacinales), Tulasnellaceae, Ceratobasidiaceae (Cantharellales), and Atractiellales. Recent molecular data show that these worldwide spread fungal groups have broad ecological implications and are specifically suited as mycorrhizal fungi of green orchids. We found that main fungal partners and different levels of specificity among orchids and their mycobionts in the tropical mountain forests correspond to findings in other biomes despite the large ecological differences. 

scholarly journals Tropical orchid mycorrhizae: potential applications in orchid conservation, commercialization, and beyond

Lankesteriana ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Tupapac Otero ◽  
Ana Teresa Mosquera ◽  
Nicola S. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Orchid Conservation ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Pathogenic Interaction ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizae ◽  
Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tropical Orchid ◽  
Plant Families

Orchid mycorrhizae are unique interactions in the plant kingdom involving all the orchids and a variety of fungi including Rhizoctonia. Orchids are one of the most charismatic plant families and include at least 20,000 species widely appreciated by specialist growers and scientists. They also include Vanilla, source of one of the most traded spices worldwide. Most mycorrhizal fungi belong to a group of basidiomycetes widely known for their pathogenic interaction with many crop plants including potatoes, rice, and beans. The main application of orchid mycorrhizal fungi is in the propagation of endangered and commercial orchid species, but we have recently documented an alternative use. The fungal symbionts of orchids have the ability to induce resistance to Rhizoctonia in rice plants, which opens new possibilities of biological control agents never previously imagined.

scholarly journals Selection of drought tolerant wheat genotypes by osmotic stress imposed at germination and early seedling stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
RR Saha ◽  
A Hannan ◽  
A Nessa ◽  
MA Malek ◽  
MR Islam
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Vigour Index ◽  
Peg Treatment ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Different Levels

An experiment on hundred wheat genotypes under different levels of osmotic stress was carried out during 2014 to select the genotype(s) tolerant to drought at germination and early seedling stage. Different levels of osmotic stress were imposed by using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Three osmotic stress levels viz. control (distilled water), 15% PEG solution and 25% PEG solution were used. Among the 100 genotypes the rate of germination percentage, final germination (%), root and shoot dry weight, amount of respiration and vigour index under PEG treatment was found significantly lower than that of control condition. Compared to control condition relative decrease in rate of germination, final germination, amount of respiration and vigour index among the wheat genotypes were found more at 25% PEG than that of 15% PEG treatment. However, the seed metabolic efficiency was significantly higher in wheat genotypes under both 15% PEG and 25% PEG treatment compared to the control condition. A significant positive correlation exists between the important growth parameters like rate of germination (%), final germination (%), shoot dry weight, root dry weight and vigour index. On the basis of these physiological traits against osmotic stress, nine genotypes of wheat such as BD-480, BD-498, BD- 501, BD-513, BD-514, BD-519, BD-592, BD-618 and BD- 633 were selected as drought tolerant.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 177-192 (2017)

scholarly journals FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES E DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE GUANANDI

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Edilson Nonato Da Silva ◽  
Aline Torquato Tavares ◽  
Cândida Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Tiago Alves Ferreira ◽  
João Victor Gonçalves Carline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Forest Engineering

O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Engenharia Florestal do Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), com objetivo de determinar a melhor dose de fósforo na presença de fungos arbusculares em mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Camb.) O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições em esquema fatorial 6 x 2. Os tratamentos foram seis doses de fósforo (0; 400; 800; 1200; 1600 e 2000 g de P2O5 por m³) no substrato na presença e ausência de Fungos Micorrízos Arbusculares (FMAs). As características avaliadas foram altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR), massa seca total (MST) e colonização micorrízica. Os diferentes níveis de adubação influenciaram a colonização micorrízica arbuscular. Nas doses 400 e 1600 g de fósforo por m3 de substrato observou-se maior porcentagem de colonização. A altura e o diâmetro das plantas foram significativamente afetados pela presença de P2O5. A massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca total não é afetada por doses de P2O5. O melhor desempenho das mudas de C. brasiliense ocorreu aos 90 dias com dose de 1.421 g de P2O5 por m3 de substrato.Palavras-chave: Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., adubação, micorrização. MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUANANDI SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT:The experiment was carried out at the Forest Engineering Experimental Station of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), University Campus of Gurupi, with the objective of determining the best dose of phosphorus in the presence of arbuscular fungi in guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments were six doses of phosphorus (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 g of P2O5 per m³) on the substrate in the presence and absence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMAs). The evaluated characteristics were plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass (MSPA), root dry mass (MSR), total dry mass (MST) and mycorrhizal colonization. The different levels of fertilization influenced arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. At 400 and 1600 g of phosphorus per m3 of substrate, a higher percentage of colonization was observed. The height and diameter of the plants were significantly affected by the presence of P2O5. Dry shoot mass and total dry mass are not affected by P2O5 doses. The best performance of C. brasiliense seedlings occurred at 90 days with a dose of 1421 g of P2O5 per m3 of substrate.Keywords: Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., fertilization, mycorrhization. DOI:

Edaphic Factors Influence the Distribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Along an Altitudinal Gradient of a Tropical Mountain

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Cardoso Vieira ◽  
Danielle Karla Alves da Silva ◽  
Mayara Alice Correia de Melo ◽  
Indra Elena Costa Escobar ◽  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Edaphic Factors ◽  
Tropical Mountain

Essential oil content and chemical composition of Cymbopogon citratus inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under different levels of lead

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 734-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Lermen ◽  
Fabrício Morelli ◽  
Zilda Cristiani Gazim ◽  
Adriana Pereira da Silva ◽  
José Eduardo Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Different Levels

scholarly journals Interactive Data Mining for Molecular Graphs

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Yılmaz ◽  
Mehmet Göktürk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Specific Disease ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Interactive Data Mining ◽  
Interactive Data ◽  
Different Levels

Designing new medical drugs for a specific disease requires extensive analysis of many molecules that have an activity for the disease. The main goal of these extensive analyses is to discover substructures (fragments) that account for the activity of these molecules. Once they are discovered, these fragments are used to understand the structure of new drugs and design new medicines for the disease. In this paper, we propose an interactive approach for visual molecule mining to discover fragments of molecules that are responsible for the desired activity with respect to a specific disease. Our approach visualizes molecular data in a form that can be interpreted by a human expert. Using a pipelining structure, it enables experts to contribute to the solution with their expertise at different levels. In order to derive desired fragments, it combines histogram-based filtering and clustering methods in a novel way. This combination enables a flexible determination of frequent fragments that repeat in molecules exactly or with some variations.

Post-Hurricane Responses of Climbers in a Tropical Mountain Rain Forest of Martinique

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annik Schnitzler ◽  
Claire Arnold ◽  
Jean-Pierre Fiard ◽  
Philippe Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Mountain ◽  
Tropical Mountain Rain Forest
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