scholarly journals Comparative floral surface micromorphology helps to discriminate between species of Paphiopedilum (Orchidaceae: Cypripedioideae) from Peninsular Malaysia

Lankesteriana ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward E. Besi ◽  
Lam S. Jia ◽  
Muskhazli Mustafa ◽  
Christina S. Y.  Yong ◽  
Rusea Go
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Surface Micromorphology ◽  
Floral Micromorphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract. The floral micromorphology of critically endangered Paphiopedilum Pfitzer [P. barbatum (Lindl.) Pfitzer, P. callosum var. sublaeve (Rchb.f.) P.J.Cribb and P. niveum (Rchb.f.) Stein] were analyzed concerning either infrageneric taxonomy or physioecological demands. The first two species are phylogenetically close and superficially identical but occur with distinct phytogeographical distributions in the region. The third species is a phylogenetically distant congener that inhabits limestone areas in the northern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we investigated the surface of the dorsal sepal, synsepal, lateral petals, pouch or labellum, and staminode. Amongst the investigated features were epicuticular waxes, epicuticular ornamentation, trichome distribution and type, pustular glands, and papillae. Our study supports the distinction of P. barbatum from P. callosum var. sublaeve, which belong to subgenus Paphiopedilum, and from P. niveum, a species belonging to subgenus Brachypetalum, a separated monophyletic clade. Comparatively, P. barbatum has Type III non-glandular trichomes on the margin of its lateral petals, which are absent in P. callosum var. sublaeve. Paphiopedilum callosum var. sublaeve and P. niveum are distinguishable from P. barbatum by a confined distribution of papillae. The epicuticular ornamentation and distribution of trichomes on staminode discriminate between P. barbatum and P. callosum var. sublaeve and differentiates them from P. niveum. Compared to P. barbatum and P. niveum, stomata in P. callosum var. sublaeve were superficial with prominently raised guard cells. From the physioecological view, the absence of glandular trichomes, and the low occurrence of papillae and stomata on the floral parts explain the unscented flowers of P. barbatum and P. callosum var. sublaeve. A combination of the features examined is taxonomically valuable for delimitation of the species at the infrageneric level, although the diagnostic characters are far inadequate for a generic taxonomic revision. A study with a more extensive sampling from the three subgenera of Paphiopedilum, including subgenus Parvisepalum, is anticipated to elucidate the level of variation of the analyzed microcharacters. Key Words: physioecological importance, Peninsular Malaysia, subgenus Brachypetalum, subgenus Paphiopedilum, scanning electron microscopy, taxonomic delimitation

Scanning Electron Microscopy Coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectrometric Analysis Reveals for the First Time Weddellite and Sylvite Crystals on the Surface of Involucral Bracts and Petals of two Xeranthemum L. (Compositae) Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Gavrilović ◽  
Suzana Erić ◽  
Petar D. Marin ◽  
Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽  
Alfonso Susanna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Eds Analysis ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
Tetragonal Bipyramid ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractIn this work, weddellite and sylvite crystals are identified for the first time on the involucral bracts and petals of Xeranthemum annuum and Xeranthemum cylindraceum using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometric (SEM-EDS) analysis. Well-developed crystals of weddellite (CaC2O4·2H2O) occur in the form of a tetragonal bipyramid (hhl), rarely in combination of a bipyramid and tetragonal prism (h00). Indumentum of involucral bracts of X. cylindraceum consists of nonglandular and glandular trichomes. Sylvite (KCl) crystals are observed only on the petal surface of X. cylindraceum. The crystals of sylvite occur in the form of perfect cubes (hexahedrons), but some crystals are deformed, i.e., partially elongated. Taxonomic significance of investigated microcharacters as well as the use of SEM-EDS analysis in taxonomic studies of plants are discussed.

Surfactant-Induced Phytotoxicity

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Falk ◽  
Richard Guggenheim ◽  
Gerhard Schulke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Morphology Changes ◽  
Cryo Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

The leaves of tall morningglory, giant duckweed, and common purslane were treated with nine surfactants at a concentration of 0.1% and examined after 24 hr using cryo-scanning electron microscopy for phytotoxicity as evidenced by tissue damage and epicuticular wax morphology changes. In some instances, tissue damage could be discerned; however, the effects of a particular surfactant were not uniform across the three species. Morphological alteration of epicuticular waxes was not observed. Gas chromatographic analyses of the epicuticular waxes of the species used in the study reveal component differences and may, in part, explain the lack of uniform response across species for a particular surfactant.

scholarly journals Petal and Sepal Epidermal Micromorphology of Six Lathyrus Taxa (Fabaceae) and their Systematic Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin CILDIR ◽  
Ahmet KAHRAMAN ◽  
Musa DOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the epidermal types and their distribution on dorsal and lateral petals, the trichome types and their density on sepals of Lathyrus chloranthus, L. digitatus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus, belonging to sections Lathyrus, Lathyrostylis, Pratensis, and Orobon of the genus Lathyrus in Turkey were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the systematic significance of these characters was evaluated. These taxa, except L. sativus, are studied for the first time under aspects of the petal and sepal micromorphology. Three major epidermal types were recognized on the petal: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells with more or less striations (AS), and papillose conical striate cells (PCS). TRS and AS were further subdivided into three subtypes. TRS was found on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. chloranthus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus: the dorsal petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus and the lateral petals of L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, while AS was present on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. digitatus and the lateral petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus. PCS was found only on the dorsal petals of L. digitatus. Three main types of trichomes on the sepal were observed: peltate glandular, capitate glandular, and nonglandular trichomes. The capitate glandular and nonglandular trichomes were further subdivided into three subtypes. The peltate glandular trichomes were present only in L. chloranthus, but absent in the others. The capitate glandular trichomes were found in L. chloranthus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, and L. tuberosus. The nonglandular trichomes were always present in L. chloranthus and L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus. The present results show that the petal and sepal micromorphology can be used in delimitation of the taxa based on petal and sepal micromorphology.

scholarly journals Pollen morphology of Ukrainian species of the genus Pedicularis L. (Orobanchaceae Vent.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena M. Peregrym ◽  
Zoya M. Tsymbalyuk ◽  
Sergei L. Mosyakin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Palynological Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Pollen grains of 10 species of Pedicularis occurring in Ukraine were investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. Palynological data on 6 species are reported for the first time. General pollen morphology of the genus Pedicularis is presented. Three types of apertures (2-syncolpate, 3-colpate, and 3-syncolpate) and seven subtypes of sculpture (3-syncolpate pilate, 3-syncolpate microscabrate-tubeculate, 2-syncolpate microscabrate, 2-syncolpate microscabrate-tubeculate, 2-syncolpate microscabrate-tubeculate-perforate, 2-syncolpate microfoveolate, and 2-syncolpate microscabrate-perforate) are indentified. The subgenus Pedicularis is heterogeneous in its types of apertures and sculpture of the surface, which indicates the need of further taxonomic revision of the group.

scholarly journals Foliar epidermis morphology in Quercus (subgenus Quercus, section Quercus) in Iran

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Panahi ◽  
Ziba Jamzad ◽  
Mohammad Pourmajidian ◽  
Asghar Fallah ◽  
Mehdi Pourhashemi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Abaxial Leaf Surface ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
Foliar Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Foliar Epidermis

Foliar epidermis morphology inQuercus(subgenusQuercus, sectionQuercus) in IranThe foliar morphology of trichomes, epicuticular waxes and stomata inQuercus cedrorum, Q. infectoriasubsp.boissieri, Q. komarovii, Q. longipes, Q. macranthera, Q. petraeasubsp.ibericaandQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflorawere studied by scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are mainly present on abaxial leaf surface in most species, but rarely they appear on adaxial surface. Five trichome types are identified as simple uniseriate, bulbous, solitary, fasciculate and stellate. The stomata of all studied species are of the anomocytic type, raised on the epidermis. The stomata rim may or may not be covered with epicuticular. The epicuticular waxes are mostly of the crystalloid type but smooth layer wax is observed inQ. robursubsp.pedunculiflora.Statistical analysis revealed foliar micromorphological features as been diagnostic characters inQuercus.

The development of the glandular trichomes of Adenocaulon bicolor

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earic E. Karrfalt ◽  
Gerald L. Kreitner
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Cell Divisions ◽  
Trichome Cell ◽  
Scanning Electron

The development of the stalked, capitate, glandular trichomes found on the inflorescence axes of Adenocaulon bicolor was studied by light and scanning electron microscopy. The trichomes are not initiated until the stems have essentially ceased to grow in diameter. In early development the trichomes are biseriate, but later become several cells wide partly as the result of contributions from other epidermal cells rather than exclusively from longitudinal divisions in the developing trichome. Cell divisions occur throughout the trichome primordia and are not restricted to an acropetal or basipetal sequence. The mature trichomes are relatively large, 200–250 μm high, but are entirely of epidermal origin.

Taxonomic revision of Brazilian Tethya (Porifera: Hadromerida) with description of four new species

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 1511-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzi M. Ribeiro ◽  
Guilherme Muricy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Scanning Electron

The taxonomy of the genus Tethya from Brazil is revised. Five species are described, four of which are new to science: Tethya maza, T. beatrizae sp. nov., T. nicoleae sp. nov., T. parvula sp. nov., and T. solangeae sp. nov. Five earlier records of Tethya from Brazil (T. aurantium, T. diploderma, T. maza, T. japonica and T. seychellensis) are re-evaluated and only T. maza is confirmed. The other previous records of Tethya from Brazil, viz., Tethya brasiliana, T. cyanae, T. ignis and T. rubra, have been recently described in detail using scanning electron microscopy and are also considered valid. An amendment to the nomenclature of micrasters is made, recognizing at least two different morphologies of each type of micraster (strongylasters types 1 and 2, tylasters types 1 and 2, and oxyasters types 1, 2 and 3). A neotype was designated for T. maza. With four new species described here and four previous records considered invalid the known diversity of Tethya in Brazil still remains nine species. However, its rate of endemism has increased from 44% to 89%.

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