Cellular development of the germinal epithelium during the gametogenic cycle of the golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei (Bivalvia: Mytilidae)
<p>The golden mussel <em>Limnoperna fortunei</em> is an invasive species that has quickly dispersed and colonized several potential different habitats distributed all over the world, causing environmental and economic impacts. The control of the species depends on knowledge of its reproductive aspects. Approximately 1 200 specimens of <em>L. fortunei</em> were sampled periodically on the upper Paraná River floodplain (Brazil) from March 2010 to December 2012. Thus, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive aspects of <em>L. fortunei</em>, using high resolution histology, we described the cellular dynamic of the male and female germinal epithelium during the annual reproductive life history of this species. Based on the activity of the germinal epithelium and consequent germ cell development, this study has resulted in the recognition of the following reproductive phases: Developing, Spawning Capable, Regressing and Regenerating. In the characterization of these phases the following germ cells were described for males: spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. Cell nests, oogonia, early prophase oocytes, previtellogenic oocytes and vitellogenic oocytes (early vitellogenic oocytes, middle vitellogenic oocytes and full-grown oocytes) were described for females. The morphological data and reproductive parameters shown here confirm how informative the cellular dynamic of the germinal epithelium is for the understanding of the cyclic gonadal events during the adult reproductive life of the mollusk in general. These knowledge about the gametogenesis of invasive species can become a fundamental tool for the development of control strategies and implementation of programs to decrease their proliferation in natural environments.</p>