scholarly journals Dynamics of rice sub-sector in Nepal: Research investment, production, and supply chain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Rajendra Pandit ◽  
Durga Devkota ◽  
Naba R. Devkota ◽  
Prakash C. Bhattarai ◽  
Hari K. Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Research Investment

Abstract. Rice is a major cereal crop that ensures food security and rural income generation in Nepal. The objectives of this study were to analyse the dynamics of the rice sub-sector from the perspective of production, research investment, and supply chain as expected outcomes are not yet achieved in spite of continuity in priority for research and production investment. Accordingly, this study was done by using secondary data covering 2000 to 2018 combined with a case study. For the case study, Morang, the district with the highest rice production was chosen. A random sample of 144 supply chain actors in which 100 rice producers, 10 collectors, 10 wholesalers, 7 millers, and 17 retailers were chosen from the list of the targeted population in each category. Findings revealed that rice production, productivity, and research investment were increasing at the rate of 1.25, 1.65, and 10.57 percent per annum, respectively. There was a strong positive link between research investment and production. Millers were the main value-adding actor. They have been getting the highest profit margin (31.5%) based on investing more (46.51%) in value-added activities. In contrast, farmers received a relatively low-profit margin (13.9%) with a 1.26 benefit-cost ratio. This was mainly due to the low adoption of improved production technology and weak horizontal coordination of rice producers. The percentage of food surplus households has increased, mainly due to the adoption of rice technologies generated by rice research programs, but this has not well reflected in terms of getting more profit margin by the rice-producing farmers. On the other hand, the research investment in rice was not consistent, and even not adequate for the required technology generation. Therefore, an increased investment could enhance the efficiency of generating technology packages, and implementation of effective extension services targeting the rice-growing farmers through increasing total factor productivity is crucial to increase the profit margin of rice producers. Moreover, with strengthened horizontal coordination among the major actors and with the increased investment in value-added activities in each stage of the supply chain based on consumer demand, increased profit margin for making the rice supply chain sustainable.

Profitability and Efficiency Analyses of Small Scale Rice processing units in Ngoketunjia Division, North West Region, Cameroon.

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Bime M.J ◽  
Fon D.E ◽  
Ngalim S.B ◽  
Ongla J
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fixed Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
North West ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rice Processing

Rice production and processing over the years has been on an increase with more small holders entering the business. This study on profitability of processing and marketing of small scale rice processors had as objective to analyse the profitability levels of rice processing and marketing by small scale processors, determine the value added to the commodity at each stage  and also identify the constraints faced by these processors. The study used primary data collected using well-structured questionnaire from millers only, miller traders for white/parboiled rice through a multistage sampling technique. Results showed that the net processing income (3,151,201), value added (8,147,456) and efficiency (138) for miller-traders of white rice was highest, followed by miller-traders for parboiled rice and lastly millers only. Results further showed that millers only had Benefit/cost ratio of 0.4 indicating that milling only is not profitable due to small quantities milled, and high fixed cost. Miller-traders for parboiled rice had a benefit/cost ratio of 2.3 implying that their venture is most profitable. Based on the results, it was recommended that millers only should purchase large quantities of paddy to enable them reduce the overhead cost. Also the services of parboilers should reflect in the sales price of parboiled rice so that the parboiling services can be paid for.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PEMASARAN BIBIT BUAH (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Flora Chania di Kecamatan Palaran Kota Samarinda) (The Feasibility Analysis of Marketing Business of Fruit Seedling (Case Study at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City))

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
FADHILLAH KUSUMA RAHAYU ◽  
SYARIFAH AIDA
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The purposes of this research were to determine the cost, revenue, and profit of fruit seedling marketing and the feasibility of marketing business of fruit seedling at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City. This research was conducted during 3 months from March to May 2019. The data were collected secondary data. The analysis included calculation of cost, revenue, profit, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), dan payback period. The research results showed an average operational cost of IDR248,945,720.00 year-1 or IDR20,745,477.00 month-1, an average revenue of IDR349,900,000.00 year-1 or IDR29,083,333.00 month-1 and the average income of IDR100,818,566.00 year-1 or IDR8,326,547.00 month-1. This research found  the NPV value of IDR37,464,538.00 at a factor discount rate of 10%, IRR value of 4.6%, Net B/C Ratio value of 1.32, while the payback period of 1 year and 4 months. The results of this research  indicate that based on an assessment of technical aspect, management and legal aspects, market and marketing aspects, and financial aspect, the marketing of fruit seedling is feasible to be developed. 

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Rice Performance and Profitability with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Traditional Practices (TP) in Ziguinchor District, Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Pierre C. C. DIEDHIOU ◽  
Antoine SAMBOU ◽  
Ousmane NDIAYE, NGor NDOUR ◽  
Seydou K. DIEDHIOU
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Benefit Cost

The "System of Rice Intensification"(SRI) represents a sustainable alternative to improve household yields and incomes. This study aimed to evaluate the yields and the profitability of the SRI and the Traditional Practices (TP) in Ziguinchor district, Senegal. A directed sampling based on criteria for selecting the system used and the cultivated varieties common to both systems was applied to collect the yield parameters and yields of paddy rice. Thus, 18 producers in the Badiate, Essyl, and Fanda sites were selected, nine per system and four 1 m2 yield squares were installed in each selected producer plot. A total of 72 yield squares, 36 per system, were installed, and an individual questionnaire was randomly administered to 55 producers using at least one of the systems to collect data on rice production and costs. The yield parameters including the number of fertile tillers per m2, the number of spikes, the weight of the 1000 grains are significantly higher (p<0.05) in the SRI including yield compared to the traditional system. Transplanting density and plant duration are higher in TP (26±5.6 plants/m2 and 26 days) than in SRI (16±0.4 plants/m2 and 16 days). The lower the transplanting density, the higher the yield parameters and the yield. The economic profitability, determined based on the benefit/cost ratio, is higher in SRI (1.5) than in TP (1.2). The SRI required a lot of technicality in its implementation and generated more cost of production. However, SRI was more productive and economically more profitable than the traditional system.

scholarly journals A Comparison of the Economic Efficiency of Living and Artificial Snowfence Designs for Road Protection

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Daigneault ◽  
David R. Betters
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Drifting Snow ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract Both artificial and living snowfences are used to protect roads from blowing and drifting snow. This article evaluates and compares the economic performance of three snowfence designs--the Wyoming and double-row slatted artificial snowfences and a three-row living snowfence. The economic analysis evaluates the snowfences by applying four economic performance indicators: total net benefits, present net value, benefit/cost ratio, and annual breakeven benefits. The study uses snow removal savings and accident reduction benefit information from a case study in the state of Wyoming. The case study results show all the designs are economically efficient when used for road protection. However, the living snowfence outperformed the other designs in three of the four economic performance indicator categories. The largest proportion of total costs of the Wyoming and living snowfence are establishment costs whereas the bulk of total cost of the double-row slatted snowfence is for maintenance. The economic performance of all the snowfences is most sensitive to changes in their useful or effective lives. The procedures and general conclusions of the study can be applied to similar cases elsewhere. West. J. Appl. For. 15(2):70-74.

The Expansion Dilemma for Fourth-Party Logistics Services: Kodan Solutions Private Limited

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-516
Author(s):  
Anupama Prashar
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Business Trend ◽  
Logistics Services ◽  
Fourth Party Logistics ◽  
Outsourcing Logistics

The purpose of the case is to introduce the students to an emerging business trend of outsourcing the logistics function. The case enables the students to analyse the benefits of outsourcing logistics function and understand the concept of third-party logistics (3PL) and fourth-party logistics (4PL). The case is developed based on the primary data collected through interviews with the protagonist. Also, secondary data from published reports and archives of the company were used for the development of the case. After the case discussion the students will be able to understand the role of project logistics services in the supply chain. They will also understand the role of value-added logistics services such as cross-docking, reverse logistics and customs clearance, and the documentation involved in cross-border logistics. This case is among the first few cases on the concept of project logistics services and their role in the supply chain management.

scholarly journals STUDI KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN UNDERPASS PADA SIMPANG JL. GATOT SUBROTO-JL. AHMAD YANI DI KOTA DENPASAR

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Sarasdevi Santosa ◽  
P. Alit Suthanaya ◽  
I B. Rai Adnyana
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Direct Benefits ◽  
The City

Abstract : Based on data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of Bali in 2013, the population density in the Metropolitan area SARBAGITA (Denpasar-Badung-Gianyar-Tabanan) was 1.057 inhabitants/km2 with an area of 1.753,63 km2 and population was 1.853.017 inhabitants. Availability of facilities and adequate transportation infrastructure is needed, but in fact the performance of roads in the city center has declined. It is characterized by an increase in travel delay problem. Traffic delay problems in the City of Denpasar commonly occur on the stretch of Gatot Subroto street. To minimize the existing problems, Denpasar City Government plans to develop an underpass at the intersection of Gatot Subroto street and Ahmad Yani street. The aim of this study was to analyze the direct benefits of underpass for road users, to analyze the costs necessary to realize and operate the underpass, and to analyze the economic feasibility of the underpass development investment. Based on primary data and secondary data were obtained from government agencies, the method of analysis in this study used the technique of Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Economic analysis conducted in this study used three criteria (NPV, BCR and IRR) with three interest rates (12%, 15% and 18% per year) stating that the construction of an underpass was economically feasible. For example in the second scenario where the interest rate 15% gain on the analysis of value NPV, BCR and IRR respectively is Rp. 233.462.340.102,00; 1,948 and 30,81%. Suggestions can be submitted from this research is the need to contemplate the effect of changes in land use in areas close to the area around the underpass and needed further study that takes into account the needs of additional traffic lanes.

An analysis of month-wise variation of energy use in crop production-A case study in Golaghat district of Assam

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemchandra Saikia ◽  
B. C. Bhowmick ◽  
R. A. Halim
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Cropping Intensity ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Benefit Cost

Energy is a very key component in every sphere of our life, be it a crop production or any other field. Again seasonality is a very common phenomenon in crop production and due to this there exist slacks and peak season of various sources of energy use and production. Present study was conducted in Golaghat district of Assam to highlight the month-wise energy use and also to know the energy output-input and benefit-cost ratio. Sampling method used for the study was Three Stage Sampling method. Result from the study revealed that the cropping intensity of the study area was 119.57 per cent. The most dominant energy consuming months were July, August, November, and December using 30.64, 18.90, 13.12 and 7.65 per cent of the total energy used in crop production in per hectare of gross cropped area. The energy output-input and benefit –cost ratio of the study area were 10.84 and 1.64 respectively. From the study it was found that there is vast scope to boost the production, productivity and profitability of crop production in study area by providing all the necessary infrastructures in due space and time in adequate amount and proper quality.

Case Study of Benefit–Cost Analysis of an Intercity Passenger Rail Service

2017 ◽  
Vol 2608 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Francis E. Loetterle ◽  
Melanie Johnson ◽  
Charles Quandel ◽  
Carey Barr ◽  
Andrew Komendantov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Project Assessment ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Target Field ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Rail Service

The economic assessment of transportation projects is evolving from a reliance on user benefits (travel time, cost, or safety) to encompass a wider spectrum of potential benefits, fostered by advances in economics and recognition that different project modes deliver different portfolios of benefits. Sponsors develop projects to address specific problems in their communities. This progression in how investments are evaluated opens the door for projects whose outcomes span a variety of benefit categories rather than concentrating on traditional user benefits and permits an improved intermodal comparison of candidate investments. Transit and intercity rail projects are particular beneficiaries of the broader project assessment approach. This paper presents a case study of how a comprehensive approach to project assessment was applied to the Northern Lights Express project that would reintroduce passenger rail service between the cities of Minneapolis and Duluth, Minnesota, the state's largest economies. Owned and operated by BNSF Railway, Amtrak's service in the corridor ended in 1985. Six stations are planned: Target Field in Minneapolis; stations in Coon Rapids, Cambridge, and Hinckley, Minnesota; a station in Superior, Wisconsin; and Union Depot in Duluth. The goal for the analysis was threefold: ( a) to confirm that the investment would yield a positive return; ( b) to communicate with partners, stakeholders, and the public about the project's expected outcomes; and ( c) to contribute to the selection of an alternative. The benefit–cost ratio was estimated for eight alternatives that varied by physical alignment and service plan.

scholarly journals Total Benchmarking Sebagai Alat Menilai Kewajaran Laporan Keuangan Dan Pemenuhan Kewajiban Perpajakan

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Bayu Sarjono
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Financial Intermediaries ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Ratio Difference ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Turn Over

AbstractThe objective of this research is to provide empirical evidence on the utilization of total benchmarking ratio as a mean to assess the fairness of financial statement and the fulfilment of tax obligation in financial intermediaries sector. Variables to be tested in this research are 14 ratio of benchmarking total consist of: Gross Profit Margin (GPM), Operating Profit Margin (OPM), Pretax Profit Margin (PPM), Corporate Tax to Turn Over Ratio (CTTOR), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Value-added Tax Ratio (pn), Salary/Sales Ration (g), Interest/Sales Ratio (b), Rent/Sales Ratio (s), Depreciation/Sales Ratio (py), Outside-business Revenue/Sales Ratio (pl), Outside-business Cost/ Sales (bl), Other-input/Sales Ratio (x). This research incorporates financial intermediaries sector because it has contributed to the 5 largest tax revenue in last 5 years. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method by calculating ratios then compare them to the benchmark set by the Directorate General of Taxes. The sample of this research is Business Field Classification (Klasifikasi Lapangan Usaha) in the financial intermediary sector: foreign exchange banks, insurance and consumer financing companies. The type of data used is secondary data, that is audited financial statements gathered form ICMD. The research results show that the largest ratio difference for foreign exchange banks and insurance companies is at interest expense; however, the largest ratio difference for consumer financing is at outside-business Costs.

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