scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA PEMASARAN BIBIT BUAH (Studi Kasus Pada CV. Flora Chania di Kecamatan Palaran Kota Samarinda) (The Feasibility Analysis of Marketing Business of Fruit Seedling (Case Study at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City))

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
FADHILLAH KUSUMA RAHAYU ◽  
SYARIFAH AIDA
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Technical Aspect ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The purposes of this research were to determine the cost, revenue, and profit of fruit seedling marketing and the feasibility of marketing business of fruit seedling at the CV. Flora Chania in Palaran Subcity, Samarinda City. This research was conducted during 3 months from March to May 2019. The data were collected secondary data. The analysis included calculation of cost, revenue, profit, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio), dan payback period. The research results showed an average operational cost of IDR248,945,720.00 year-1 or IDR20,745,477.00 month-1, an average revenue of IDR349,900,000.00 year-1 or IDR29,083,333.00 month-1 and the average income of IDR100,818,566.00 year-1 or IDR8,326,547.00 month-1. This research found  the NPV value of IDR37,464,538.00 at a factor discount rate of 10%, IRR value of 4.6%, Net B/C Ratio value of 1.32, while the payback period of 1 year and 4 months. The results of this research  indicate that based on an assessment of technical aspect, management and legal aspects, market and marketing aspects, and financial aspect, the marketing of fruit seedling is feasible to be developed. 

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Ekonomi Mesin Pencacah Rumput Gajah Tipe Reel

Agrikultura ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Wahyu K Sugandi ◽  
Asep Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cutting Machine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACTEconomic analysis reel type cutting machine for elephant grassThe need grass for fodder in the region Lembang has been increasing, but it does not followed byits quality. Therefore, cutting machine which is able to cut the fodder no more than 5 cm size is needed. The Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Machinery Department of Agricultural Engineering and Biosystem FTIP Unpad had been developed an elephant grass enchant machine inaccordance with the requirements of making the silage, but no economic feasibility analysis has been done for the machine. Therefore it was necessary to study the economic feasibility analysis of elephant grass cutting machine. The method used in this study was the economic analysis methodwhich includes the cost of production and the breakeven point, and business feasibility including net present value (NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period analysis (PBP). The results showed that the cost of production of elephant grass enemies was Rp 2,178 / kg with production breakeven 18.769 kg, BC ratio of 1.15, NPV1 of Rp 70,770, - NPV2 of Rp 61.333, - IRR of 27% and payback period during 2 months. So it can be concluded that the use of elephant-type elephant chopper machine was feasible to use.Keywords: Elephant grass, economic analysis, cutting machineABSTRAKKebutuhan rumput gajah untuk pakan ternak (silase) di daerah Lembang terus meningkat. Syarat pembuatan silase tersebut bahwa panjang potongan rumput gajah sebaiknya < 5 cm. Untuk itudiperlukan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase. LaboratoriumAlat dan Mesin Pertanian Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan Biosistem FTIP Unpad telah mengembangkan sebuah mesin pencacah rumput gajah sesuai syarat pembuatan silase tersebut, tetapi belum dilakukan analisis kelayakan ekonomi untuk mesin tersebut. Oleh karena itdiperlukan suatu penelitian berkenaan dengan analisis kelayakan ekonomi mesin pencacah rumput gajah. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis ekonomi yang meliputi biaya pokok produksi dan titik impas, serta kelayakan usaha yang meliputi net present value(NPV), benefit cost ratio analysis (BCR), internal rate of return (IRR) dan payback period analysis(PBP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya pokok produksi mesin pencacah rumput gajah adalah Rp 2.178/kg dengan titik impas produksi 18.769 kg, BC rasio sebesar 1,15, NPV1 sebesar Rp 70.770,- NPV2 = Rp 61.333,- IRR sebesar 27% dan payback period selama 2 bulan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengunaan mesin pencacah rumput gajah tipe reel layak digunakan. Kata Kunci : Rumput Gajah, Analisis Ekonomi, Mesin Pencacah

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Bisnis Usaha Teh Papua (Vernonia amygdalina)

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Eko Suwito Handjojo ◽  
Rizal Syarief ◽  
Sugiyono
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Diabetic Medicine ◽  
Malaria Epidemic ◽  
Benefit Cost

Various kinds of tea can be used as food and anti-diabetic medicine. One of plants that can be used as medicinal subtancesis Teh Papua (<em>Vernonia amygdalina</em>). Teh Papua, as become one of the local wisdom in Papua, has been used for generations to medicate malaria epidemic and  blood sugar disease. Hence, good bussiness planning review will be needed to develop this potential plant. The purpose of this study is to analyze the feasibility of small Teh Papua industry. Descriptive research method was used in this research. Data are collected by observation, survey, and depth-interview with the bussiness actor. Aspects observed in this studyare aspects of market, marketing, technical and technological, organiza-tional and also management. Measurement of financial aspectfeasibility in this study is using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit-Cost Ratio (Net B/C ), and Payback Period (PP). The result shows commercial financial analysis of Teh Papua indicates a positive NPV value of Rp. 316 068 835, IRR value of 45.17%, net value B/C of 2.48 and Payback Period of 17% and 27% depreciation.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC VEGETABLE FARMING AT CV. RAHAYU IN VILLAGE OF SIDERA SUB-DISTRICT OF SIGI BIROMARU REGENCY OF SIGI

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Ferdison S. Mantende ◽  
Marhawati Mapatoba ◽  
Abdul Muis
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Benefit Cost

This research aimed to analyze the financial feasibility of organic vegetable farming at CV. Rahayu. This research conducted in Sidera, Subdistrict of Sigi Biromaru, Regency of Sigi on December 2016 to January 2017. The respondents were purposively determined. Data was analyzed using financial worthiness analysis employing with 4 indicators: Net present value (NPV), net benefit cost ratio (Net B/C), internal rate of return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP). The results of this research indicated that the NPV during the period 2014 to 2018 was IDR 543.674.792; the net B/Cwas 1,65, the IRR was 35,09 %, and the PP was 2 years and 3 months. The results of the calculationusing sensitivity analysis in the organic vegetable farming company at CV. Rahayu by assuming the organic vegetables attacked by the pests and diseases were a decreased 33 percent from total production with the acquisition of NPV decreased to IDR 8.587.415, Net B/C decreased to 1.01, IRR decreased to 12.42 percent, Payback period became 3.6 years. In the other hand, NPV decreased to IDR 7,276,181, Net B/C decreased to 1.01, IRR decreased to 12.36 percent, payback period became 3.6 years if the assume was an increased production cost until 74 percent. These values financially show the farming at CV. Rahayu is well worth to effort. These results indicate that financially, CV. Rahayu is very feasible to operate.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Perkebunan Rambutan di Desa Jungkal Kecamatan Lampihong Kabupaten Balangan

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-274
Author(s):  
Miranda Romaully Br. Sitanggang ◽  
Norhalimah Norhalimah
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate ◽  
Benefit Cost

       This study aims to determine the feasibility of rambutan plantation investment in Jungkal Village, Lampihong Subdistrict, Balangan Regency, seen from non-financial aspects, namely market aspects, technical aspects, management aspects, and financial aspects. The study was conducted in Jungkal Village, Lampihong District. The research method used was the census method where as many as 20 rambutan garden business owners were made respondents. Data collection was conducted from May - August 2014. Analysis of financial aspects used investment criteria consisting of Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B / C), and payback period. The results of research obtained from non-financial aspects show that the investment in rambutan plantation is feasible, it is shown that the market potential is quite high, the location of the plantation business that supports the success of the business, and the work plan in its management can be done by taking into account existing conditions. From the financial aspects of the rambutan plantation business investment in Jungkal Village, it is feasible to show the Net Present Vlue (NPV) of Rp134,646,379, - the value of the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is greater than the discount rate of 30.01%. Net B / C is 4.50, and the payback period is 8 years 11 months 26 days, this shows that financially the investment in rambutan plantation is feasible.

scholarly journals Economic Justification for Development and Operationalization of Rail-Freight-Corridors Between Hub-Seaports and Inland Container Depots in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-76
Author(s):  
Theophilus Chinonyerem Nwokedi ◽  
Obed C. Ndikom ◽  
Chigozie Uzoma Odumodu ◽  
Ifiokobong I. Okonko
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Rail Freight ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Economic Justification ◽  
Container Depots ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

Abstract The study provided economic justification for private sector investment in developing, revitalizing and making operable, the rail-freight-corridors between hub-seaports and inland container depots in Nigeria. It estimated the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of investment in each of the ten rail-freight-corridors consisting of existing but inoperable and proposed rail routes from the major seaports to the Inland container depots in different geopolitical regions of Nigeria. Secondary data on the import and export (cargo generation) capacities of each of the ICD regions to and from the respectively connected hub-seaport were obtained from the Nigerian ports authority statistical report covering a period of two years (2018 – 2019) based upon which the annual expected revenue earnings of the operators were estimated. The cost of investment was also obtained. Benefit-Cost-Ratio (BCR) and Net Present Value (NPV) were used to estimate the operator-benefits and profitability potentials of each rail route. It was found that six of the rail routes have BCR > 1; and NPV>0; implying higher operator-benefits over costs within the period while four of the rail-routes have BCR <1; and NPV <0; implying higher operator-costs over benefits.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Perikanan Bagan Apung di Pelabuhanratu Sukabumi, Jawa Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
Wan Alga Affanta ◽  
Riena F Telussa
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Fishing Ground ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

Teknik penangkapan ikan menggunakan bagan apung dilandaskan pada pemanfaatan tingkah laku (behavior) ikan target terutama sifat fototaksis ikan. Hasil tangkap ini merupakan variabel yang fluktuatif, baik terhadap waktu maupun terhadap tempat. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi fishing ground diantaranya parameter oseanografi, dan sifat ikan itu sendiri. Faktor-faktor tersebut menyebabkan sebaran ikan dan zona potensi tangkap ikan akan berbeda-beda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara secara langsung kepada nelayan dan juga pencatatan secara sistematis dengan menggunakan kuesioner terlampir terhadap objek yang akan diteliti. Sampel diambil menggunakan metode purposive sampling metode ini adalah pengambilan sampel secara sengaja sesuai dengan persyaratan sampel yang diperlukan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu perhitungan Kelayakan Finansial seperti Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C), Payback Period (PP. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa aspek-aspek yang diketahui dari perhitungan kelayakan usaha perikanan bagan apung di Palabuhanratu adalah aspek ekonomis meliputi : Investasi Rp.48.000.000, biaya Tetap pertahun bernilai Rp.17.572.000, biaya Variabel pertahun Rp.51.840.000, penerimaan pertahun Rp.300,753,000. Hasil analisis usaha kritria investasi dengan cara menghitung nilai NVP, Net B/C, IRR, dan PP diperoleh nilai NVP Sebesar Rp. 54.264.000 pada tingkat suku bunga 12%. Nilai tersebut menunjukan bahwa usaha perikanan bagan apung di Palabuhanratu dapat memberikan manfaat bersih selama umur proyek 5 tahun kedepan dan usaha perikanan bagan apung ini dikatakan layak. Nilai Net B/C bernilai 1,05 hal ini menunjukan kontribusi manfaat bersih terhadap biaya selama umur proyek 5 tahun dengan tingkat suku bunga 12%. Berdasarkan perhitungan nilai IRR sebesar 51,76% dan Payback Period (PP) bernilai 1,7.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FINANSIAL USAHA KERAJINAN KALIGRAFI KULIT KAMBING DI KECAMATAN SUKOHARJO KABUPATEN SUKOHARJO

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Shanti Emawati ◽  
Endang Siti Rahayu ◽  
Sutrisna Hadi Purnomo ◽  
Ayu Intan Sari ◽  
Endang Tri Rahayu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

The  research  was  conducted  to  determine  the  feasibility  of  financial  on SMEs  calligraphy  goat  leather  in  Sukoharjo  District.  Research  was  done  from January 6 to March 26, 2015 in located in  Sukoharjo District. Survey methods was done  to  collect  primary  data  from  respondents  and  secondary  data  from  related institution. Census method was applied to sellect respondents. Criteria used to analyze the feasibility of financial on  SMEs calligraphy goat leather  were consisted of Benefit Cost  Ratio  (BCR),  Net  Present  Value  (NPV),  Internal  Rate  of  Return  (IRR)  and Payback Period (PPC), based on 6 years investment and 12% annual discount factor. The  result  showed  that  based  on  NPV,  IRR,  BCR  and  payback  period  analysis,  the most feasible of respondents was achieved on scale of 3 with value of  NPV =  Rp. 434,852,752.00, IRR = 37.93%, BCR = 1.92,  followed by on scale of 2 with value of NPV = Rp. 76,481,554.00, IRR = 22.51%, BCR = 1.37 and on scale of 1 with value of NPV  =  Rp.  34,883,505.00,  IRR  =  20.41%  dan  BCR  =  1.28.  In  term  of  payback period, respondents who had SMEs calligraphy goat leather on scale of 3 were able to return the investment during  2.39  years while on scale of 2 and on scale of 1 were 3.72 and 3.79 years, respectively.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL DAN RISIKO USAHA BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Jenisa Devy ◽  
Ali Ibrahim Hasyim ◽  
Suriaty Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Mushroom Cultivation ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

This research aims to analyze the financial feasibility and the risk of oyster mushroom cultivation which is conducted in Lampung Province, especially in Metro and Bandar Lampung City.  The locations of the research are chosen purposively by considerating that both places were the largest harvesting areas and the highest oyster mushroom production.  The data is collected in month of May 2017, in which respondents are taken by census method with the amount of seven cultivators. They are divided into three categories based on their techniques they use, i.e., the cultivators producing the  planting media to be cultivated and partly to be sold, the cultivators producing the planting media to be cultivated only, and the cultivators purchasing the planting media to be cultivated.  Furthermore, the financial and risk analyses are analyzed by the quantitative analysis.  The result showed that the oyster mushroom cultivation on the three categories were profitable and feasible to be developed based on the value of investment criterias (Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period (PP), Gross Benefit Cost Ratio (Gross B/C Ratio) and Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B/C Ratio)).  The risk analysis showed that CV (Coefficient of Variation) value was ≤ 0,5 and value of lower limit (L)was  ≥ 0; hence the cultivators were able to avoid the risk.Key words : cultivator, feasibility, financial, oyster mushroom, risk

scholarly journals ANALISIS KERAGAAN EKONOMI USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN KAPAL MOTOR DI TANJUNG LUAR, LOMBOK TIMUR

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Hulaifi Hulaifi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Economic Diversity ◽  
Benefit Cost

Economic diversity is a detailed description of fishery business that conducted by an individual or business entity to get some profit by analyzing economically and financially as well as the stability of fishing effort against natural risks and the dynamics of economic also technical change of business. The purpose of this research is to analyze the economic diversity of fishing effort by fisherman who using motor boats in Tanjung Luar, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The data analysis conducted in the form of analysis economic diversity of fishing business using motor boats. The parameters of economic analysis of the fishing effort business using 3 main criteria and 2 additional criteria. The 3 main criteria are Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit/Cost Ratio (NB/CR). While 2 additional criteria are Payback Period (PP), and Profitability Ratio (PR). The result of this research is fishing business based on the result of economic diversity criteria such as (NPV, IRR, Net B / C Ratio, Profitability Ratio and Payback Period) and the financing sensitivity of fishing vessels by boat is still feasible to be developed, then to obtain optimal benefits the fishermen are expected to increase the size of boats, technology, professional human resources and the addition of machine power used, so that fishermen can operate properly in the waters ZEE is further and deeper. The recommendation from the above fishing effort also need support from other aspect such as legality aspect, fishery fish farming, technical policy from local government and optimum condition at various allocations.   Keragaan ekonomi merupakan suatu gambaran secara detail usaha perikanan, yang dilakukan oleh perorangan atau badan usaha untuk mencari keuntungan, dengan menganalisis secara ekonomi dan finansial, serta kestabilan usaha penangkapan ikan tersebut terhadap risiko alam dan kedinamisan perubahan ekonomi dan teknis usaha. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni menganalisis keragaan ekonomi usaha penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan kapal motor Tanjung Luar Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Analisis data yang dilakukan berupa analisis keragaan ekonomi usaha penangkapan ikan pada kapal motor. Parameter analisis keragaan ekonomi usaha penangkapan ikan menggunakan 3 kriteria utama dan 2 kriteria tambahan, ketiga kriteria utama investasi tersebut adalah Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Net Benefit/Cost Ratio (N B/C R), sedangkan 2 kriteria tambahan adalah Payback Period (PP) dan Profitability Ratio (PR). Hasil dari penelitian ini yakni usaha penangkapan ikan berdasarkan hasil kriteria keragaan ekonomi seperti (NPV, IRR, net B/C ratio, profitability ratio dan payback period) dan sensitivitas usaha secara finansial, usaha penangkapan ikan oleh nelayan kapal motor masih layak dikembangkan, dan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang optimal, maka nelayan diharapkan untuk menambah ukuran kapal, teknologi, SDM yang profesional dan penambahan kekuatan mesin yang dipergunakan, agar nelayan dapat beroperasi dengan layak di perairan ZEE yang lebih jauh dan lebih dalam. Rekomendasi dari kegiatan upaya penangkapan tersebut di atas, perlu dukungan dari aspek lainnya seperti aspek legalitas, tataniaga ikan yang menguntungkan nelayan, kebijakan teknis dari pemerintah setempat serta tercapainya kondisi optimum pada berbagai alokasi.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA SELADA KROP DI CV. CANTIGI DESA CIKANDANG KECAMATAN CIKAJANG KABUPATEN GARUT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Anne Rizky Ramadhanty Anne ◽  
Sulistyodewi Nur Wiyono ◽  
Kuswarini Kusno ◽  
Lucyana Trimo
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Benefit Cost

Lettuce head as a vegetable commodity has a high enough business opportunity, seen from the developmentof hotels and restaurants in Indonesia that serve foreign cuisine using lettuce. The purpose of this study wasto determine the feasibility of lettuce head farming in CV.Cantigi. This research was carried out inCV.Cantigi, Cikandang village, Cikajang District, Garut Regency. The design of this research is descriptivequantitative with the research technique is a case study The method of data collection is done by interviewswith informants, observations, and literature studies. The determination of the informant was carried outpurposive. Analysis of the data used is non-financial feasibility and financial feasibility (Net Present Value,Internal Rate of Return, Net Benefit/Cost Ratio, Payback Period, and Profitability Ratio). The results showedthat 1) The income of lettuce head farming in CV.Cantigi in one growing season is IDR 120.821.846; 2) Thelettuce head farming in CV. Cantigi is feasible in terms of market aspects, technical aspects, managementaspect, and social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects. Similarly, financially, lettuce headfarming in CV.Cantigi is feasible to do with an NPV value of IDR 286,076,736.8, IRR 51,87%, Net B/C Ratiois 4.32, Payback period occurs at 8 years 8 months and profitability ratio of 101.78%. Suggestions forfurther research there is further research on production technologies that can optimize the use of otherproduction factors to increase production results.

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