Bandstructure and Size-Scaling Effects in the Performance of Monolayer Black Phosphorus Nanodevices

Nanodevices based on monolayer black phosphorus or phosphorene are promising for future electron devices in high density integrated circuits. We investigate bandstructure and size-scaling effects in the electronic and transport properties of phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) and the performance of ultra-scaled PNR field-effect transistors (FETs) using advanced theoretical and computational approaches. Material and device properties are obtained by non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism combined with a novel tight-binding (TB) model fitted on ab initio density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. We report significant changes in the dispersion, number, and configuration of electronic subbands, density of states, and transmission of PNRs with nanoribbon width (W) downscaling. In addition, the performance of PNR FETs with 15 nm-long channels are self-consistently assessed by exploring the behavior of charge density, quantum capacitance, and average charge velocity in the channel. The dominant consequence of W downscaling is the decrease of charge velocity, which in turn deteriorates the ON-state current in PNR FETs with narrower nanoribbon channels. Nevertheless, we find optimum nanodevices with W > 1.4 nm that meet the requirements set by the semiconductor industry for the “3 nm” technology generation, which illustrates the importance of properly accounting bandstructure effects that occur in sub-5 nm-wide PNRs.

Inter-collaboration Network among Institutional Actors of Agricultural Knowledge Information System (AKIS): A Comparative Study between Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri Districts of West Bengal, India

Agricultural extension institutions play different roles at village level. There is always a need of inter-collaboration network between different institutions. Information exchange among these organizations is important for technology generation, information dissemination and adoption. So, it is imperative to know the inter collaboration network among the institutional actors which requires proper investigation and analysis. A few works were found in India on inter-collaboration network among the institutional actors of Agricultural Knowledge Information System (AKIS). The objective of the study was to find out the inter-collaboration network among institutional actors of AKIS of two different districts of West Bengal and their comparative evaluation. The data were collected from 84 respondents from 19 different institutions employing a random sampling technique. The data were analysed through UCINET 6 and Netdraw software. It was found from the study that Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Comprehensive Area Development Corporation (CADC), Agricultural line department through Assistant Director of Agriculture (ADA), Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) and Farmer Producers’ Organisations (FPO) play a pivotal role in this network. It was found also from the study that Cooch Behar district had stronger inter-collaboration network among its institution’s actors than Jalpaiguri district.

IMPACT OF KVK IN DOUBLING FARMERS INCOME IN SITAPUR DISTRICT OF UTTAR PRADESH

More than half of Indian population were engaged in agricultural sector but the available technology doesn’t ensure food security of the country. Hence, to diffuse new agricultural invention and innovation in the farming community, there arises a need for effective medium for transfer of technology. Thus, KVK bridges the gap between the technology generation and dissemination. The present study was proposed to understand the impact of KVK in doubling farmers income to formulate suitable programmes. For the study, descriptive research design was adopted. 120 respondents from Biswan taluk of Sitapur district of Uttar Pradesh were selected as respondents. Primary data collected from respondents and secondary data from available literatures. The findings revealed that majority of the respondents were middle aged, illiterate, upto 5 members in their family, medium level of annual income, possesses their own land, agriculture as their main occupation, medium level of mass media exposure, office bearer in one organization, high level of extension contact. Meanwhile, more than half of the respondents had reported medium level of impact towards the activities carried out by KVK, beneficiary selection is not unbiased is a major constraint suggested that maximum emphasis should be given on learning by doing.

Organic agriculture in Argentina's Pampas. A case study on Pampa Orgánica Norte farmers

Faced with a society that demands the reduction of negative environmental impacts of agriculture while producing high-value, healthy food for local and export markets, Argentina is currently in a debate on the alternative paths toward sustainability in agricultural production. Argentina is ranked second in the world in terms of land under organic certification. Extensive sheep production in Patagonia natural grasslands accounts for most of this area and harvested organic area remains a very small fraction of total harvested land (0.6%). This paper aims to contribute to the discussion of opportunities and limitations in organic farming as an ecological intensification alternative for Argentina's Pampas. A case study was conducted on Pampa Orgánica Norte. This is a group of nine organic farmers that manages field crops and livestock-certified organic production. Farmers interviewed in this study considered different criteria including economic and environmental attributes when choosing to produce organically. However, the main drivers for conversion to organic production are related to environmental factors, in particular ecosystem protection. The main limitations in organic production are related to crop management practices, primarily weed control. To achieve the goal of increasing organic production a more active role of the public sector in technology generation and transfer was demanded by farmers.

A Study of On-the-Go Reference Service Using Mobile Technology in Library

Libraries all over the world are continually reinventing themselves to meet changing community needs and the increasing opportunities and associated challenges that modern and evolving technologies bring. In response to the current pandemic and to follow the government guidelines about the remote learning programme libraries & librarians face a huge need for real-time information from the faculty, staff member, students and researcher. On another side, financial crisis & cutting budget, unavailability of adequate staff, user awareness etc are the main issues faces by libraries while try to adopt new technologies for accepting the challenges & issues created by this pandemic. On this point, mobile technology, as an economical & affordable technological solution that help libraries to keep abreast of the dynamically changing needs of their clientele and identify the way of delivering user-centred services by surveying the user needs. The current study examines the exponential growth in the mobile communication system, both in terms of technology (generation) & user count, after considering the needs of the user community. In addition, the study sets out the basic steps for introducing a mobile reference service in a library, as well as its future uses and benefits.

Implementation of Pancasila Value for Generation Z in Technology Development

As the ideology of Indonesia, the existence of Pancasila is not without any challenges. In the development of science and technology, the existence of Pancasila is full of struggles. One of the challenges is the rapid social development that have happened nowadays has brought some changes in social activities. These social changes are marked by the development of the generation based on the needs for science and technology. Generation Z nowadays is known as the most active in their activities that depends on the technology devices and for this reasons generation Z needs strong guidelines in utilizing it. The implementation Pancasila value for Generation Z must be in accordance with the needs of Generation Z that are vulnerable for the ethics and morality. The knowledge of Pancasila value with dynamic ways for Generation Z is important so the moral value in Pancasila can be reflected in the personality of Generation Z. The research aims to implement the value of Pancasila that is important for the development of generation Z in the rapid progress of technology nowadays. This research used qualitative method. The implementation of moral science and characters based on Pancasila for Generation Z should be dynamics in accordance with the development of technological era. The implementation of Pancasila value based on their needs and characters of Generation Z is an anticipative way so the value of believe in God, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice still exist and create young generation that have the moral value of Pancasila.

Implementation of Pancasila Value for Generation Z in Technology Development

As the ideology of Indonesia, the existence of Pancasila is not without any challenges. In the development of science and technology, the existence of Pancasila is full of struggles. One of the challenges is the rapid social development that have happened nowadays has brought some changes in social activities. These social changes are marked by the development of the generation based on the needs for science and technology. Generation Z nowadays is known as the most active in their activities that depends on the technology devices and for this reasons generation Z needs strong guidelines in utilizing it. The implementation Pancasila value for Generation Z must be in accordance with the needs of Generation Z that are vulnerable for the ethics and morality. The knowledge of Pancasila value with dynamic ways for Generation Z is important so the moral value in Pancasila can be reflected in the personality of Generation Z. The research aims to implement the value of Pancasila that is important for the development of generation Z in the rapid progress of technology nowadays. This research used qualitative method. The implementation of moral science and characters based on Pancasila for Generation Z should be dynamics in accordance with the development of technological era. The implementation of Pancasila value based on their needs and characters of Generation Z is an anticipative way so the value of believe in God, humanity, unity, democracy and social justice still exist and create young generation that have the moral value of Pancasila.