scholarly journals Skin in the game – Erroneous beliefs and emotional involvement as correlates of athletes' sports betting behavior and problems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Jones ◽  
Benjamin Noël
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
German Population ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs ◽  
Betting Behavior

AbstractBackground and aimsThe sports betting market has been growing rapidly over the last years, as have reports of problematic gambling behavior associated with betting. Due to the well-documented gambling problems of famous athletes and the betting supportive nature of many sports-related environments, athletes have been highlighted as a potential group at-risk for problematic sports betting. However, there currently remains a lack of research on individual-level athlete-specific risk-factors or mechanisms that might contribute to the development and perpetuation of betting-related problems. Here, we examine the influence of two potential risk-factors on sports betting behavior and problems: erroneous beliefs and athletes' emotional involvement.Methods201 athletes with different levels of expertise completed a newly developed scale to assess both factors. Participants were sampled from the general German population, predominantly male (83.08%) and on average 29.52 (SD = 11.05) years old. We use principal components analysis to detect patterns of covariation, potentially due to the proposed underlying latent factors, and regression analyses to test associations of these factors with betting behavior and problems.ResultsWe find that athletes' emotional involvement was strongly associated with betting problems whereas erroneous beliefs were not. However, distorted cognitions/beliefs were associated with higher volumes and more frequent betting activities.Discussion and ConclusionsThis might contribute to betting problems in the long run. These results highlight athletes' emotional involvement and erroneous beliefs as potential targets for future intervention and prevention efforts.

scholarly journals Erroneous beliefs and emotional involvement as predictors of athletes´ sports betting behavior and problems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Martin Jones ◽  
Benjamin Noël
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Sports Betting ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Betting Market ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Erroneous Beliefs

The sports betting market has been growing rapidly over the last years, as have reports of problematic gambling behavior associated with sports. Due to high prevalence rates and well documented struggles of international stars, athletes have been highlighted as a group at-risk. However, there currently remains a lack of research on specific risk-factors or mechanisms. To examine the influence of two potential risk-factors (erroneous beliefs and emotional involvement) on sports betting behaviour and problems, 201 athletes with different levels of expertise completed an online questionnaire. Using principal components as well as regression analyses, we find that emotional involvement strongly predicts betting problems whereas erroneous beliefs do not. However, distorted cognitions / beliefs were associated with higher volumes and more frequent betting activities. This might contribute to betting problems in the long run. These results highlight athletes´ emotional involvement and erroneous beliefs as potential targets for future intervention and prevention efforts.

scholarly journals A Discordant Monozygotic-Twin Approach to Potential Risk Factors for Chronic Widespread Pain in Females

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Burri ◽  
Genevieve Lachance ◽  
Frances Williams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Monozygotic Twin ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Chronic Widespread Pain ◽  
Widespread Pain ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Symptom Screening ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is a common disorder affecting up to 15% of the general population. The objective of the present study was to explore the role of previously reported psychosocial and interpersonal risk factors on variation in CWP by investigating CWP discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins. This approach allows separation of cause and effect relationships, albeit imperfectly, as well the control for critical confounding variables such as common environment or genetics. In a total sample of N = 3,266 female twins aged 18–89 years, MZ (113 full pairs) and DZ twins (180 full pairs) discordant for CWP were selected. Items from the London fibromyalgia symptom screening questionnaire were used to discriminate cases from controls. To assess potential risk factors, including body mass index, anxiety sensitivity (AS), emotional intelligence, personality, obsessive-compulsive behavior, and coping, validated questionnaires were used. A set of univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Of the variables showing significant links with CWP in the univariate individual-level analyses, including age, AS, and emotional intelligence, only emotional intelligence turned out to an independent predictor to the pathogenesis of CWP in both the individual level and discordant MZ analyses. These data indicate that in women having identical genetic risk, emotional intelligence seems to play a key role, although of small effect, in the development and/or maintenance of CWP. It further seems that many of the previously reported risk factors for CWP suffer from genetic confounding.

scholarly journals Incidence of retinal detachment in Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Gerstenberger ◽  
Bernhard Stoffelns ◽  
Stefan Nickels ◽  
Thomas Münzel ◽  
Philipp S Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Retinal Detachment ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
German Population ◽  
Gutenberg Health Study ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Male Sex

Purpose: To investigate the incidence of retinal detachment in the German population and assess potential risk factors. Methods: The Gutenberg Health Study is a population-based cohort study in Mainz, Germany including subjects (n=15.010) with an age range from 35 to 74 years at baseline. Participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination including distant-corrected visual acuity, refraction and slit-lamp examination at baseline. A computer-assisted telephone interview was conducted after 2.5 and 5 years. The 5-year cumulative incidence of retinal detachment was computed for the study sample and stratified on age decades. Risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression including age, sex, spherical equivalent, pseudophakia and prior laser retinal therapy. Results: 13.416 participants (age 52.2 ±10.7 years, 48.8% female) were included in this analysis. 28 subjects had a retinal detachment in one eye, no subject had a retinal detachment in both eyes. The 5-year cumulative incidence of retinal detachment was 0.21% (95%-confidence interval: 0.14 – 0.31%), the incidence rate was 42/100.000 person-years. Risk factors were male sex (OR= 4.16, p=0.004), pseudophakia (OR=3.93, p=0.045) and myopia (OR=1.31 per diopter myopia, p<0.0001), but not prior retinal laser therapy or age. Conclusion: The incidence of retinal detachment in Germany at age 35 to 74 years is comparable to estimates from neighboring European countries. Risk factors are male sex, pseudophakia and myopia.

scholarly journals Mental Health, Physical Health and Other Individual Risk Factors for Elder Maltreatment: Findings from the National Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-366
Author(s):  
Marijana Markovik ◽  
Dimitrinka Jordanova Peshevska ◽  
Eleonora Serafimovska ◽  
Dinesh Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
National Study ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Elder Maltreatment

OBJECTIVES: The first Macedonian National Prevalence study of elder maltreatment in private settings was conducted in 2011 and 2012. This article provides an overview of the risk factors on individual level regarding the ecological model of human development.METHOD: The study involved 960 respondents who provided answers to a face-to-face survey questionnaire and a Geriatric Depression Scale.  The Mini-Mental State Examination test was used as a pre selection criterion. The achieved sample was weighted to be representative on the Macedonian population aged 65 and over.  RESULTS: Being women, being married, with elementary school education, suffering from certain chronic diseases, sensory impairment, are potential risk factors on individual level for elderly Maltreatment.CONCLUSION: The findings support the previous quantitative data obtained in other countries, as well as the concept of ecological framework.

Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (01) ◽  
pp. 013-015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E J Johnson ◽  
C R M Prentice ◽  
L A Parapia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

Low Back Pain in Commercial Airline Pilots

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 940-947
Author(s):  
Matthias Albermann ◽  
Maria Lehmann ◽  
Christian Eiche ◽  
Joachim Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Prottengeier
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
German Population ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Airline Pilots ◽  
Acute Low Back Pain ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Negative Effect

BACKGROUND: In their working life, airline pilots are exposed to particular risk factors that promote nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Because of the varying incidence internationally, we evaluated the point prevalences of acute, subacute, and chronic nonspecific LBP, as well as the current prevalences in German airline pilots. Furthermore, we compared the prevalence to the general German population and to European counterparts.METHODS: An anonymous online survey of 698 participating German airline pilots was evaluated. The impairment between groups was analyzed. Prevalences from our data were compared to existing data.RESULTS: The following point prevalences were found: 8.2% acute, 2.4% subacute, 82.7% chronic LBP; 74.1% of all individuals were suffering from current LBP when answered the questionnaire. A total time spent flying greater than 600 h within the last 12 mo was significantly related to acute nonspecific LBP. Individuals with any type of LBP were significantly impaired compared to those unaffected. It was found that German airline pilots suffer more often from current LBP than the general population and have a higher point prevalence of total LBP than their European counterparts.CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation showed a surprisingly high, previously unidentified, prevalence of nonspecific LBP in German airline pilots. Why German airline pilots suffer more often from LBP remains uncertain. The number of flying hours appears to have a negative effect on developing acute low back pain, but causation cannot be concluded. Other risk factors could not be confirmed.Albermann M, Lehmann M, Eiche C, Schmidt J, Prottengeier J. Low back pain in commercial airline pilots. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(12):940947.

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