scholarly journals A SARS-CoV-2-ellenes antitestekkel végzett terápia helye a COVID–19 kezelésében

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (51) ◽  
pp. 2030-2039
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Made In

Összefoglaló. Az új típusú koronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) okozta fertőzés és a COVID–19 elleni küzdelem egyik lehetősége a SARS-CoV-2-ellenes neutralizáló antitestekkel végzett passzív immunizáció. Az utóbbi időben számos készítmény jutott el a klinikai kipróbálásig. Az alábbiakban áttekintjük ezen készítmények legfőbb tulajdonságait és az antitest-terápiával elért klinikai eredményeket. Ezek alapján elsősorban prehospitálisan, az állapotprogresszió szempontjából leginkább veszélyeztetett populációnál alkalmazva, e készítmények jelentősen csökkenthetik az állapotromlás esélyét és a kórházi ellátás igényét, ezáltal javíthatják a kimenetelt, és mérsékelhetik az egészségügyi ellátórendszer terhelését. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2030–2039. Summary. Passive immunization is a therapeutic option in the fight against the infection caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19. Significant advances have been made in the development of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Here we discuss the antibodies under clinical trial and the published data regarding their clinical efficacy. Based on these, when given to non-hospitalized patients at high risk for disease progression, these antibodies can significantly reduce worsening of the disease and the need for hospitalization. This can improve the outcomes of patients and help reduce the burden on the healthcare system. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(51): 2030–2039.

Synthetic and semi-synthetic drugs as promising therapeutic option for the treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekta Shirbhate ◽  
Preeti Patel ◽  
Vijay K Patel ◽  
Ravichandran Veerasamy ◽  
Prabodh C Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Clinical Experiences ◽  
Synthetic Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

: The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), a global pandemic that emerged from Wuhan, China has today travelled all around the world, so far 216 countries or territories with 21,732,472 people infected and 770,866 deaths globally (as per WHO COVID-19 update dated August 18, 2020). Continuous efforts are being made to repurpose the existing drugs and develop vaccines for combating this infection. Despite, to date, no certified antiviral treatment or vaccine prevails. Although, few candidates have displayed their efficacy in in vitro studies and are being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. This article summarizes synthetic and semi-synthetic compounds displaying potent activity in their clinical experiences or studies against COVID-19 and also focuses on mode of action of drugs being repositioned against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Direct antivirals working against the novel coronavirus: azithromycin (DAWn-AZITHRO), a randomized, multicenter, open-label, adaptive, proof-of-concept clinical trial of new antivirals working against SARS-CoV-2—azithromycin trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwein Gyselinck ◽  
◽  
Laurens Liesenborghs ◽  
Ewout Landeloos ◽  
Ann Belmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Ordinal Scale ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background The rapid emergence and the high disease burden of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 have created a medical need for readily available drugs that can decrease viral replication or blunt the hyperinflammatory state leading to severe COVID-19 disease. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic, known for its immunomodulatory properties. It has shown antiviral effect specifically against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and acts on cytokine signaling pathways that have been implicated in COVID-19. Methods DAWn-AZITHRO is a randomized, open-label, phase 2 proof-of-concept, multicenter clinical trial, evaluating the safety and efficacy of azithromycin for treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19. It is part of a series of trials testing promising interventions for COVID-19, running in parallel and grouped under the name DAWn-studies. Patients hospitalized on dedicated COVID wards are eligible for study inclusion when they are symptomatic (i.e., clinical or radiological signs) and have been diagnosed with COVID-19 within the last 72 h through PCR (nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage) or chest CT scan showing typical features of COVID-19 and without alternate diagnosis. Patients are block-randomized (9 patients) with a 2:1 allocation to receive azithromycin plus standard of care versus standard of care alone. Standard of care is mostly supportive, but may comprise hydroxychloroquine, up to the treating physician’s discretion and depending on local policy and national health regulations. The treatment group receives azithromycin qd 500 mg during the first 5 consecutive days after inclusion. The trial will include 284 patients and recruits from 15 centers across Belgium. The primary outcome is time from admission (day 0) to life discharge or to sustained clinical improvement, defined as an improvement of two points on the WHO 7-category ordinal scale sustained for at least 3 days. Discussion The trial investigates the urgent and still unmet global need for drugs that may impact the disease course of COVID-19. It will either provide support or else justify the discouragement of the current widespread, uncontrolled use of azithromycin in patients with COVID-19. The analogous design of other parallel trials of the DAWN consortium will amplify the chance of identifying successful treatment strategies and allow comparison of treatment effects within an identical clinical context. Trial registration EU Clinical trials register EudraCT Nb 2020-001614-38. Registered on 22 April 2020

scholarly journals Comparison of Four SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Lydia Riepler ◽  
Annika Rössler ◽  
Albert Falch ◽  
André Volland ◽  
Wegene Borena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Neutralizing antibodies are a major correlate of protection for many viruses including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Thus, vaccine candidates should potently induce neutralizing antibodies to render effective protection from infection. A variety of in vitro assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies has been described. However, validation of the different assays against each other is important to allow comparison of different studies. Here, we compared four different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays using the same set of patient samples. Two assays used replication competent SARS-CoV-2, a focus forming assay and a TCID50-based assay, while the other two assays used replication defective lentiviral or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike. All assays were robust and produced highly reproducible neutralization titers. Titers of neutralizing antibodies correlated well between the different assays and with the titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein binding antibodies detected in an ELISA. Our study showed that commonly used SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays are robust and that results obtained with different assays are comparable.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Renal Transplant Patient Presenting With Active Typical Symptoms and Resolved Atypical Symptoms

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 232470962094930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreedhar Adapa ◽  
Venu Madhav Konala ◽  
Srikanth Naramala ◽  
Subba Rao Daggubati ◽  
Narayana Murty Koduri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Renal Transplant Patient ◽  
Transplant Patient ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus disease has brought the world to standstill with high infectivity and rapid transmission. The disease caused by novel coronavirus is termed as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We present the case of a renal transplant patient who was infected with COVID-19 through community spread and presented with fever and gastrointestinal symptoms. Transplant recipients are particularly vulnerable because of the immunosuppressed state. These patients can shed a virus for a prolonged period and can have a higher load of the virus. There have been no COVID-19 cases transmitted through organ donation. Preinfection immunological impairment can aggravate the severity of the infection. The transplant team plays a crucial role in donor and recipient evaluation and guiding the timing of the transplant. Although specific published data are lacking with regard to transplant recipients, they should follow the same precautions as the general population, like avoiding nonessential travel and practice social distancing.

scholarly journals Telehealth transformation: COVID-19 and the rise of virtual care

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 957-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jedrek Wosik ◽  
Marat Fudim ◽  
Blake Cameron ◽  
Ziad F Gellad ◽  
Alex Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Virtual Care ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The U.S

Abstract The novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered our economy, society, and healthcare system. While this crisis has presented the U.S. healthcare delivery system with unprecedented challenges, the pandemic has catalyzed rapid adoption of telehealth, or the entire spectrum of activities used to deliver care at a distance. Using examples reported by U.S. healthcare organizations, including ours, we describe the role that telehealth has played in transforming healthcare delivery during the 3 phases of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic: (1) stay-at-home outpatient care, (2) initial COVID-19 hospital surge, and (3) postpandemic recovery. Within each of these 3 phases, we examine how people, process, and technology work together to support a successful telehealth transformation. Whether healthcare enterprises are ready or not, the new reality is that virtual care has arrived.

scholarly journals A Structural Landscape of Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Niu ◽  
Kathryn N. Wittrock ◽  
Gage C. Clabaugh ◽  
Vikram Srivastava ◽  
Michael W. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Correlates Of Protection ◽  
Immune Correlates ◽  
Virus Life Cycle ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, has been spreading rampantly. The global scientific community has responded rapidly to understand immune correlates of protection to develop vaccines and immunotherapeutics against the virus. The major goal of this mini review is to summarize current understanding of the structural landscape of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of viral spike (S) glycoprotein. The RBD plays a critical role in the very first step of the virus life cycle. Better understanding of where and how nAbs bind the RBD should enable identification of sites of vulnerability and facilitate better vaccine design and formulation of immunotherapeutics. Towards this goal, we compiled 38 RBD-binding nAbs with known structures. Review of these nAb structures showed that (1) nAbs can be divided into five general clusters, (2) there are distinct non-neutralizing faces on the RBD, and (3) maximum of potentially four nAbs could bind the RBD simultaneously. Since most of these nAbs were isolated from virus-infected patients, additional analyses of vaccine-induced nAbs could facilitate development of improved vaccines.

scholarly journals The pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of COVID-19 reproduces diverse clinical outcomes and reveals new and complex signatures of disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. e1010162
Author(s):  
Alexandra Melton ◽  
Lara A. Doyle-Meyers ◽  
Robert V. Blair ◽  
Cecily Midkiff ◽  
Hunter J. Melton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Macaca Nemestrina ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Pigtail Macaque ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cytotoxic Molecules ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 disease, has killed over five million people worldwide as of December 2021 with infections rising again due to the emergence of highly transmissible variants. Animal models that faithfully recapitulate human disease are critical for assessing SARS-CoV-2 viral and immune dynamics, for understanding mechanisms of disease, and for testing vaccines and therapeutics. Pigtail macaques (PTM, Macaca nemestrina) demonstrate a rapid and severe disease course when infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), including the development of severe cardiovascular symptoms that are pertinent to COVID-19 manifestations in humans. We thus proposed this species may likewise exhibit severe COVID-19 disease upon infection with SARS-CoV-2. Here, we extensively studied a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-infected PTM euthanized either 6- or 21-days after respiratory viral challenge. We show that PTM demonstrate largely mild-to-moderate COVID-19 disease. Pulmonary infiltrates were dominated by T cells, including CD4+ T cells that upregulate CD8 and express cytotoxic molecules, as well as virus-targeting T cells that were predominantly CD4+. We also noted increases in inflammatory and coagulation markers in blood, pulmonary pathologic lesions, and the development of neutralizing antibodies. Together, our data demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 infection of PTM recapitulates important features of COVID-19 and reveals new immune and viral dynamics and thus may serve as a useful animal model for studying pathogenesis and testing vaccines and therapeutics.

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