Survey of nine abortifacient infectious agents in aborted bovine fetuses from dairy farms in Beijing, China, by PCR

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yang ◽  
Xia Cui ◽  
Weifeng Qian ◽  
Shanshan Yu ◽  
Qun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Bovine Abortion ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus

Abortion in dairy cattle causes considerable economic losses to the dairy industry. Aborted fetuses and samples from the corresponding aborting dams from 12 dairy herds in Beijing were tested for 9 abortifacient infectious pathogens by PCR between 2008 and 2010. From a total of 80 abortion cases collected during this period, infectious agents were detected in 45 (56.3%) cases, 22 (48.9%) of which represented co-infections with two or three infectious agents. The detected pathogens included infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (36.3%) andNeospora caninum(31.3%), followed by bovine viral diarrhoea virus (7.5%),Brucella abortus(6.3%),Tritrichomonas foetus(5%) andToxoplasma gondii(1.3%).Campylobacter fetus, Coxiella burnetiiandChlamydophila psittaciwere not detected in any abortion case. Findings from this study indicated that infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus andNeospora caninumwere the main potential causes of abortions in Beijing dairy herds, whereas the bacterial pathogens were not, in contrast to reports from other countries. This is the first study to test nine abortifacient infectious agents by PCR at the same time, and it is also the first time to report the involvement of a variety of infectious agents in bovine abortion cases in China.

scholarly journals Current trends in bovine abortion in Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora L. Morrell ◽  
Carlos M. Campero ◽  
Germán J. Cantón ◽  
Anselmo C. Odeón ◽  
Dadín P. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Diarrhea Virus ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Bovine Abortion

ABSTRACT: Bovine abortion is an important cause of significant economic losses in beef and dairy herds. This syndrome is usually difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to characterize bovine abortion causes in Argentina by standard diagnosis procedures (histology, bacterial and viral isolation) and other diagnostic tests like direct fluorescent antibody test (DFAT), fetal serology, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and PCR, showing their specific advantages and limitations. Necropsies were performed in 150 aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the diagnostic laboratories of Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) Balcarce, Argentina. Etiological diagnosis was confirmed in 78 fetuses (52% of the cases). Most causes of abortion were of infectious origin, being Neospora caninum (14.67%), Campylobacter fetus sp. (9.33%), Leptospira spp. (7.33%) and Brucella abortus (6.65%) the main microorganisms identified. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus (BHV) were diagnosed in 2 (1.33%) and 3 (2%) cases, respectively. This study showed a better characterization of bovine abortion compared with previous researches done on this topic.

Reproductive disorders in relation to Neospora caninum, Brucella spp. and bovine viral diarrhoea virus serostatus in breeding and dairy farms of central and southern Ethiopia

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772-1780 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. ASMARE ◽  
F. REGASSA ◽  
L. J. ROBERTSON ◽  
A. D. MARTIN ◽  
E. SKJERVE
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

SUMMARYAbortion and stillbirth are important reproductive disorders in the dairy industry and are often caused by infectious agents. This study investigated whether bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), Brucella spp., and Neospora caninum are associated with abortion and/or stillbirth in dairy cattle in Ethiopia. Dairy cattle from 99 farms were categorized as cases (n = 134) or controls (n = 268) according to reproductive data. Blood samples were screened for antibodies for these infectious agents. The overall proportion of cattle that were seropositive for BVDV, Brucella spp., and N. caninum was 11·7%, 3·2%, and 17·2%, respectively. Seropositivity for BVDV and Brucella spp. was similar for cases and controls, but significantly more cases were seropositive for N. caninum (29·8%) than controls (10·8%). This is the first report demonstrating N. caninum is common in dairy cattle in Ethiopia, and is probably a greater impediment to reproductive success in Ethiopian dairy farms than either BVDV or Brucella spp.

scholarly journals BVDFree England data analysis: descriptive analysis of national bovine viral diarrhoea test data in England.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi S. Prosser ◽  
Edward M. Hill ◽  
Derek Armstrong ◽  
Lorna Gow ◽  
Michael J. Tildesley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Antigen Testing

Abstract Background: Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) causes substantial economic losses to cattle herds; however, control and eradication can be achieved by identifying and removing persistently infected cattle. Each UK nation has separate control programmes. The English scheme, BVDFree, started in 2016 and is voluntary. Methods: We analysed the test results submitted to BVDFree from 5,847 herds from 2016 to 2020. Results: In 2020, 13.5% of beef breeder herds and 20.0% of dairy herds had at least one positive test result. Though lower than in previous years, there was no clear trend in the proportion of positive tests over time. In antigen testing herds, 1.5% of tests from antigen positive herds were positive, which was 0.4% of tests from all antigen testing herds. Dairy herds and larger herds were more likely to join BVDFree and dairy herds were also more likely to antigen test than beef breeder herds. Larger herds, herds that used individual antigen testing and herds that had BVD positive test results were more likely to continue submitting tests to BVDFree. Conclusions: The findings provide a benchmark for the status of BVD control in England; continued analysis of test results will be important to assess progress towards eradication.

scholarly journals Campylobacter fetus in Abomasal Fluid from Spontaneously Aborted Bovine and Ovine Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Merker Breyer ◽  
Maria Eduarda Dias ◽  
Luan Cleber Henker ◽  
Marina Paula Lorenzett ◽  
Leticia Ferreira Baumbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Venereal Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Campylobacter Fetus ◽  
Eyelid Skin ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal ◽  
Bovine Abortion

Background: Pregnancy losses are a major concern in livestock industry due to their economic impact on producers. Campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus (Cff) and C. fetus subspecies venerealis (Cfv) are directly related to reproductive failures in ruminants. Cff colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of a wide range of hosts leading to abortion, while Cfv is restricted to genital tract being generally associated to infertility in bovine. Considering the great economic losses related to campylobacteriosis in cattle and ovine herds, this study aims to investigate the occurrence of C. fetus, considering Cff and Cfv subspecies, in bovine and ovine spontaneously aborted fetuses in state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, samples of abomasal fluid collected from 30 spontaneously aborted bovine (n = 18) and ovine (n = 12) fetuses were investigated for the detection of Campylobacter fetus throughout conventional PCR. Positive fetuses for C. fetus presence were further analyzed by molecular assays for Cff and Cfv detection, in order to determine subspecies identification. When available, samples of the main organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities, as well as the brain, skeletal muscle, eyelid, skin, and placenta were collected for further histopathological analyses and bacterial culture, aiming to assess the presence of infection lesions and pathogens in those sites, respectively. Additionally, RT-qPCR assays were also performed for the detection of ruminant pestivirus, in order to detect bovine viral diarrhea cases. Throughout the present methodology, C. fetus was detected in the abomasal fluid samples of 2 bovine fetuses, being both identified as Cfv subspecies by PCR. Histopathological analyses demonstrated that macroscopic and microscopic changes found in the Cfv-positive animals were not either specific or directly related to Campylobacter infections. Moreover, no significant bacterial growth was observed in microbiological culture from the collected tissues, and both fetuses were negative for ruminant pestivirus. Differently, there was no detection of C. fetus in any of the analyzed ovine fetuses.Discussion: Considering that abortion diagnosis rates reported in cattle and sheep industry are highly variable among the published studies, and that abortion diagnoses are commonly inconclusive due to difficulties in sampling methodology and inadequate identification of the pathogen involved, it is important to investigate the etiological causes of abortion the herds for better understanding the causes of pregnancy issues and monitoring their occurrence. In addition, the absence of pathognomonic lesions in the tissues investigated in the histopathological analyses observed in this study strongly suggests that well-known etiological agents commonly associated to abortion, such as Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma spp., Chlamydia spp. and Neospora caninum, are unlikely to be the cause of infection of the analyzed fetuses. Taking this into account, the presence of C. fetus in the abomasal fluid samples from two bovine fetuses demonstrated in the present study suggests the possible association of Cfv not only with infertility, but also with cases of bovine abortion, highlighting the importance of investigating unusual causal agents of abortions in sheep and cattle. Overall, an adequate diagnosis is essential for establishing better prevention strategies to avoid the circulation of abortion-related infectious agents in the herds.Keywords: campylobacteriosis, molecular diagnosis, venereal disease, abortion, reproductive disease.

scholarly journals Eradication of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) in Cattle in Switzerland: Lessons Taught by the Complex Biology of the Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schweizer ◽  
Hanspeter Stalder ◽  
Anja Haslebacher ◽  
Martin Grisiger ◽  
Heinzpeter Schwermer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Border Disease Virus ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Border Disease ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and related ruminant pestiviruses occur worldwide and cause considerable economic losses in livestock and severely impair animal welfare. Switzerland started a national mandatory control programme in 2008 aiming to eradicate BVD from the Swiss cattle population. The peculiar biology of pestiviruses with the birth of persistently infected (PI) animals upon in utero infection in addition to transient infection of naïve animals requires vertical and horizontal transmission to be taken into account. Initially, every animal was tested for PI within the first year, followed by testing for the presence of virus in all newborn calves for the next four years. Prevalence of calves being born PI thus diminished substantially from around 1.4% to <0.02%, which enabled broad testing for the virus to be abandoned and switching to economically more favourable serological surveillance with vaccination being prohibited. By the end of 2020, more than 99.5% of all cattle farms in Switzerland were free of BVDV but eliminating the last remaining PI animals turned out to be a tougher nut to crack. In this review, we describe the Swiss BVD eradication scheme and the hurdles that were encountered and still remain during the implementation of the programme. The main challenge is to rapidly identify the source of infection in case of a positive result during antibody surveillance, and to efficiently protect the cattle population from re-infection, particularly in light of the endemic presence of the related pestivirus border disease virus (BDV) in sheep. As a consequence of these measures, complete eradication will (hopefully) soon be achieved, and the final step will then be the continuous documentation of freedom of disease.

Detection of Neospora caninum DNA in cases of bovine and ovine abortion in the South-West of Scotland

Parasitology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 146 (07) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Bartley ◽  
S. Guido ◽  
C. Mason ◽  
H. Stevenson ◽  
F. Chianini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
The South ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
South West ◽  
Reproductive Losses ◽  
Bovine Fetuses ◽  
Cattle Farming ◽  
Ovine Fetal ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

AbstractNeospora caninum is a commonly diagnosed cause of reproductive losses in farmed ruminants worldwide. This study examined 495 and 308 samples (brain, heart and placenta) which were collected from 455 and 119 aborted cattle and sheep fetuses, respectively. DNA was extracted and a nested Neospora ITS1 PCR was performed on all samples. The results showed that for bovine fetuses 79/449 brain [17.6% (14.2–21.4)], 7/25 heart [28.0% (12.1–49.4)] and 5/21 placenta [23.8% (8.2–47.2)] were PCR positive for the presence of Neospora DNA. Overall 82/455 [18.0% (14.6–21.7)] of the bovine fetuses tested positive for the presence of N. caninum DNA in at least one sample. None (0/308) of the ovine fetal samples tested positive for the presence of Neospora DNA in any of the tissues tested. The results show that N. caninum was associated with fetal losses in cattle (distributed across South-West Scotland), compared to sheep in the same geographical areas where no parasite DNA was found. Neospora is well distributed amongst cattle in South-West Scotland and is the potential cause of serious economic losses to the Scottish cattle farming community; however, it does not appear to be a problem amongst the Scottish sheep flocks.

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