scholarly journals MONOAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY IN SOME BRAIN AREAS OF SHEEP AFTER HORMONAL STIMULATION

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Marie Molnárová ◽  
Bernadetta Pástorová ◽  
Angela Staníková ◽  
J. Halagan ◽  
J. Buleca
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Radiochemical Method ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Degradative Enzyme ◽  
The Brain

The influence of hormonal superovulatory preparations Folistiman (450 IU FSH, Spofa, Prague) and serum gonadotropin (1500 IU PMSG, Spofa, Prague) on monoamine oxidase (MAO), the degradative enzyme of catecholamines, was investigated in some areas of the brain regulating reproductive functions (area preoptica of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and pineal gland) in ewes with synchronized oestrus (20 mg chlorsuperlutin) during the oestrous period using a radiochemical method. After intramuscular administration of 1500 IU PMSG, marked increase of MAO activity was found in the area preoptica (p < 0.05) and in the pituitary gland (p < 0.01) in comparison with the control group. No change occurred in MAO activity after ovarian stimulation with FSH. Administration of the above superovulatory preparations failed to induce MAO activity in the pineal gland of sheep.

Kinetics and Thermolability of Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Cluster Headache and Migraine

Cephalalgia ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabet Waldenlind ◽  
Jan Sääf ◽  
Karl Ekbom ◽  
Svante Ross ◽  
Lars-Olof Wahlund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enzyme Properties ◽  
Headache Disorders ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
C 30

Platelet monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) from 33 cluster headache patients (17 males, 16 females) and 34 migraine patients (16 males, 18 females) was assayed. The kinetic constants (apparent V max and apparent K m ) and the thermolability, measured as the ratio of the platelet MAO activity after and before heat treatment (+52°C, 30 min), were determined. The MAO activity and V max values were significantly lower in cluster headache than in migraine and in both headache disorders compared to a control group (62 males, 66 females). When comparing all groups, K m was not significantly different except for migraine females, who had lower K m values compared to control females. Thermolability was significantly higher in cluster headache than in migraine and in both headache disorders compared to the control group. Smokers of five cigarettes or more per day had significantly lower Vmax values but similar K m and thermolability values compared to those smoking less or nothing. The findings of low maximal velocities and high thermolability of platelet MAO in cluster headache and migraine are suggested to represent constitutionally different enzyme properties.

Low Platelet Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Sensation-Seeking Bullfighters

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Carrasco ◽  
Jerónimo Sáiz-Ruiz ◽  
Marina Díaz-Marsá ◽  
Jesús César ◽  
Juan José López-Ibor
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Behavioral Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity ◽  
Platelet Monoamine Oxidase

AbstractIn this study, we attempt to demonstrate an association between low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity, as assessed by isotopic methods, and the stable behavioral pattern of sensation- and risk-seeking of professional bull-fighters. Sixteen professional bullfighters were studied and compared with a control group of 46 healthy control subjects who did not engage in risky jobs or activities. The group of bullfighters had significantly reduced platelet MAO activity compared with the control group (P<0.05). Bullfighters were shown to be significantly more extroverted and sensation-seeking than controls on various temperament scales. A predisposition to engage in risky activities (eg, bullfighting) and sensation-seeking could be partly conditioned by the presence of biological components of personality manifested by a significantly decreased platelet MAO activity.

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase by sodium pentobarbital

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
E. Quevedo ◽  
A. D'Iorio
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Single Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Competitive Nature ◽  
The Brain

A single intraperitoneal injection of 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg of sodium pentobarbital into male rats produced an appreciable inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity of liver and heart. The brain and kidney activities were practically unaffected. Chronic administration of pentobarbital, 30 mg/kg daily for 20 days, did, however, produce an inhibition of brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) which was maximal 48 h after the last injection. In all other experiments with a single dose of barbiturate the maximal inhibition of MAO appeared 15–30 min after treatment.Sodium pentobarbital inhibited MAO activity in vitro when added to a liver mitochondrial preparation. High concentrations of barbiturate had to be used for the in vitro experiments. The Ki value for sodium pentobarbital was 1.21 × 10−3 M while the Km was 1.6 × 10−5 M. The observed inhibition was of a competitive nature. The inhibition is comparable with that observed for some flavoenzymes following addition of barbiturates.

scholarly journals Anatomical identification of the neuroendocrine system in the Nothobranchius furzeri brain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunjeong Do ◽  
Yumi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Neuroendocrine System ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Nothobranchius Furzeri ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe hypophysis functions as a central gland of the neuroendocrine system for regulating fundamental body physiology. Upon aging, several hormones produced by the endocrine system are dramatically altered. Recently, Nothobranchius furzeri (the turquoise killifish) has become a popular model for aging studies because of its short lifespan and highly conserved aging phenotypes. However, the anatomical details of the major neuroendocrine system of the killifish have not been investigated so far. In this study, we have identified the pituitary and pineal glands of the turquoise killifish, which are critical components of the brain endocrine system. These two neuroendocrine glands were weakly attached to the main body of the killifish brain. The pineal gland was located on the dorsal part of the brain, while the pituitary gland was located on the ventral part. Brain sections containing pineal and pituitary glands were performed and revealed that cells in both the pituitary and pineal glands are densely placed than any other regions of brain. Further, three-dimensional images both in pineal and pituitary glands were uncovered their distinctive cellular arrangements. Vasopressin intestinal peptide (VIP) was strongly expressed in the neurohypophysis of the pituitary gland. Glial cells were found inside the pineal gland, while astrocytes covered the outside. These findings illustrate basic features of the neuroendocrine system of Nothobranchius furzeri.

THE REGULATION OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE ACTIVITY BY ADRENAL CORTICAL STEROIDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Parvez ◽  
S. Parvez
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Tissue Homogenate ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Hydrocortisone Administration ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats ◽  
Enzyme Monoamine Oxidase

ABSTRACT The activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain, heart, liver and spleen of rats 10 weeks after adrenalectomy was determined. Another group of adrenalectomized rats received 5 mg of hydrocortisone daily for the period of 10 days and their MAO activity was compared with that of control adrenalectomized rats. There was a significant rise in MAO activity following adrenalectomy in the tissue homogenate, mitochondrial and supernatant fractions of all the organs studied. Hydrocortisone administration decreased MAO activity to the level of normal rats. These results suggest that corticoids serve as a rate limiting factor for the activity of the enzyme MAO. This hypothesis was further tested in normal rats by blocking the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids with Metopirone®. Four hours after a single injection of 75 mg Metopirone the cerebral, hepatic and cardiac MAO showed marked increases from control levels. These results suggest that adrenal cortical steroids present in the circulation of normal animals regulate the activity of the enzyme MAO in most organs.

THE EFFECTS OF PHENELZINE ON SEROTONIN, NORADRENALINE, AND MONOAMINE OXIDASE IN THE RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. McNeill ◽  
Bernard E. Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Noradrenaline Level ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Lung And Kidney

The serotonin, noradrenaline, and monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels in the brain, liver, lung, and kidney of rats treated with phenelzine (β-phenylethylhydrazine) were compared with the levels in the same tissues in untreated rats. The administration of the drug was found to markedly reduce the MAO activity in all tissues in 3 hours. Recovery to a supranormal level occurred in the liver in 72 hours. Kidney MAO activity returned to normal in 36 hours, while brain and lung MAO had not recovered in 72 hours. The serotonin level in the brain, liver, and kidney increased as the enzyme level decreased. No change occurred in the serotonin concentration in the lung. The noradrenaline level in the brain was not altered by the drug, whereas a decrease was noted in the lung and both kidney and liver showed an increase at 3 and 36 hours. It is postulated that the central action of MAO-inhibiting agents is mediated through serotonin. The increase in liver noradrenaline suggests that MAO must play some role in the metabolism of the amine. Since the concentration of serotonin in the lung was not changed when the enzyme was inhibited, it is conceivable that lung tissue may serve as a storage site for serotonin.

Editor Note on Adrenaline: A Few Seconds and Life Saves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolle Laure Kpoumie
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The Body ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Brain

Adrenaline is a hormone also called epinephrine, its purpose is to allow the body to overcome the "danger" perceived by the brain (it is the pituitary gland that requires the production of this hormone to the medulla adrenal glands (just above the kidneys)). Adrenaline has a short duration of action (of the order of two minutes) because it is rapidly degraded by two enzymes, catechol-oxymethyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO). Intravenous injection of adrenaline is used primarily to treat cardiac arrest, in small doses, used in anaphylactic shock .It intervenes particularly on the heart rate. Mixed with procaine, it was used in dentistry to perform local anesthesia. But at too high a dose, it acts on the heart to the point of causing death.

Monoamine Oxidase Activity: A Genetic Marker of Schizophrenia?

1974 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 371-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Owen ◽  
A. Pauline Ridges ◽  
I. B. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Methyl Transferase ◽  
Platelet Mao ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mao Activity ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
Platelet Mao Activity

The results of pilot studies of the activities of platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO) and catechol-0-methyl transferase (COMT) in the blood of selected schizophrenics and the families of schizophrenics is presented.No statistically significant difference was found between the blood COMT levels of 21 control subjects and 26 schizophrenics, whereas the values found for platelet MAO activity were significantly lower for the schizophrenic group than for the control group.In one acutely disturbed first-admission schizophrenic the platelet MAO activity increased to a normal level in parallel with the clinical improvement, whereas in the relapsing schizophrenics the platelet MAO activity remained at its initial level although the clinical picture improved. No consistent findings with regard to the platelet MAO activity emerged from the study of 3 families having a history of schizophrenia.

Chronic immobilization stress induces anxiety-related behaviors and affects brain essential minerals in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zafer Sahin ◽  
Alpaslan Ozkurkculer ◽  
Omer Faruk Kalkan ◽  
Ahmet Ozkaya ◽  
Aynur Koc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Center Area ◽  
Chronic Immobilization Stress

Abstract. Alterations of essential elements in the brain are associated with the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders. It is known that chronic/overwhelming stress may cause some anxiety and/or depression. We aimed to investigate the effects of two different chronic immobilization stress protocols on anxiety-related behaviors and brain minerals. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups as follows ( n = 10/group): control, immobilization stress-1 (45 minutes daily for 7-day) and immobilization stress-2 (45 minutes twice a day for 7-day). Stress-related behaviors were evaluated by open field test and forced swimming test. In the immobilization stress-1 and immobilization stress-2 groups, percentage of time spent in the central area (6.38 ± 0.41% and 6.28 ± 1.03% respectively, p < 0.05) and rearing frequency (2.75 ± 0.41 and 3.85 ± 0.46, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) were lower, latency to center area (49.11 ± 5.87 s and 44.92 ± 8.04 s, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively), were higher than the control group (8.65 ± 0.49%, 5.37 ± 0.44 and 15.3 ± 3.32 s, respectively). In the immobilization stress-1 group, zinc (12.65 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.001), magnesium (170.4 ± 1.7 ppm, p < 0.005) and phosphate (2.76 ± 0.1 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were lower than the control group (13.87 ± 0.16 ppm, 179.31 ± 1.87 ppm and 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, respectively). In the immobilization stress-2 group, magnesium (171.56 ± 1.87 ppm, p < 0.05), phosphate (2.44 ± 0.07 ppm, p < 0.001) levels were lower, and manganese (373.68 ± 5.76 ppb, p < 0.001) and copper (2.79 ± 0.15 ppm, p < 0.05) levels were higher than the control group (179.31 ± 1.87 ppm, 3.11 ± 0.06 ppm, 327.25 ± 8.35 ppb and 2.45 ± 0.05 ppm, respectively). Our results indicated that 7-day chronic immobilization stress increased anxiety-related behaviors in both stress groups. Zinc, magnesium, phosphate, copper and manganese levels were affected in the brain.

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