Correlations among the somatic cell count of individual bulk milk, result of the California Mastitis Test and bacteriological status of the udder in dairy cows

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sz. Jánosi ◽  
Zs. Baltay
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Bulk Milk

In a survey of about 3000 dairy cows producing low somatic cell count (SCC) milk and kept on a large-scale dairy farm, California Mastitis Test (CMT) positivity was found in 2714 udder quarters of 1491 cows. Pathogenic microorganisms were isolated from 57.6% of these 2714 udder quarters during bacteriological examination. The commonest pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS, 41%) and Staphylococcus aureus (32.5%); however, udder infections caused by environmental streptococci (12.8%) and coliform bacteria (6.8%) were also common. All pathogens resulted in a significant increase of the SCC in individual bulk milk (IBM) samples. In the case of CNS, this SCC elevation in IBM was significantly lower than in the case of infection by the other pathogens. In spite of this, because of the high number of udder infections caused by CNS, the adverse effect exerted by CNS on dairy herds is considered to be substantial. It was found that 54.6% of all CMT-positive cows produced IBM of an SCC below 400 thousand per ml. The milk produced by 41% of the 315 cows excreting S. aureus also had an SCC below 400 thousand per ml. This poses a serious risk of infection to the healthy herdmates. At the same time, 11% of the infected cows produced IBM with an SCC below 100 thousand per ml. On the basis of these findings, only the regular analysis of SCC of IBM can be a reliable indicator of chronic intramammary infection. As the SCC of milk produced by CMT-positive cows (and especially of those excreting pathogens) tended to increase with advancing lactation, the authors suggest that an efficient drying-off therapy should be used to restore udder health and, whenever justified, culling of cows cannot be avoided either.

scholarly journals The presence of pathogens in milk of ewes in relation to the somatic cell count and subpopulations of leukocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tvarožková ◽  
Vašíček ◽  
Uhrinčať ◽  
Mačuhová ◽  
Hleba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Cells ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Milk Samples

Mastitis is a major health problem of the udder in dairy sheep breeds. For diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used. The presence of pathogens in the udder causes the increase of leukocytes and thus SCC in milk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of pathogens in the milk of ewes and the possible relationship with SCC. The changes of leukocytes subpopulation in milk samples with high SCC were evaluated as well. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm with the Lacaune breed. This study was conducted on 45 ewes (98 milk samples) without signs of clinical mastitis. Based on somatic cell count, samples were divided to five SCC groups: SCC1 &lt; 200 000 cells/ml (45 milk samples); 200 000 ≤ SCC2 &lt; 400 000 cells/ml (10 milk samples); 400 000 ≤ SCC3 &lt; 600 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); 600 000 ≤ SCC4 &lt; 1 000 000 cells/ml (six milk samples); SCC5 ≥ 1 000 000 cells/ml (31 milk samples). No pathogens were observed in the majority of milk samples (60.20%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most commonly isolated pathogens from the milk of ewes (86.11%). Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest incidence from CNS (35.48%). In the SCC5 group, up to 79.31% of bacteriological samples were positive. The percentage of leukocytes significantly increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the samples with higher SCC (≥ 200 × 10<sup>3</sup> cells/ml) in comparison to the group SCC1. Also, the percentage of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) was significantly higher with increasing SCC (P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the presented results showed that the high SCC was caused by the presence of the pathogen in milk. Thus SCC &lt; 200 000 cells/ml and leukocyte subpopulation, especially PMNs, could be considered as important tools in udder health programs applied in dairy ewes.

scholarly journals Quality profile of milk from high producing dairy cows vaccinated against mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
M. N. Isakova ◽  
U. V. Sivkova ◽  
M. V. Ryaposova ◽  
I. A. Shkuratova ◽  
A. V. Lysov
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Quality Profile

One of the raw milk quality criteria is the count of somatic cells, produced by the cow’s immune system to fight infectious diseases of the mammary gland. The paper presents the analysis of somatic cell count and total bacteria count of milk from cows, vaccinated against mastitis using Startvac vaccine. Tests were performed as a comparison between a dairy unit and a farm under different management conditions and using different milking techniques. Six months after the start of the vaccine application the somatic cell count at the dairy unit decreased by 60 thousand/ml, at the farm by 182 thousand/ml. The agent profile was represented by the following bacteria: Entеrococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Entеrococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus, Lactobacillus were also isolated from udder secretion. After a year of immunization somatic cell count both at the unit and on the farm decreased by 245 and 216 thousand/ml respectively; it is noteworthy that 43.75% of microflora isolated from mammary gland secretion was represented by Streptococcus spp. After two years of the vaccine use the somatic cell count was equal to 371 and 725 thousand/ml at the unit and on the farm respectively. Tests of mammary gland secretions revealed Streptococcus spp. in 27.27% of cases, Staphylococcus aureus and Entеrococcus faecium were isolated in 18.18% of tested samples. It was established that after three years of the vaccine use the major cause of mastitis in cows was Streptococcus spp. (55.00%). During four years of tests, a downward trend in somatic cell count of bulk milk from high producing dairy cows as well as in the number of agents responsible for inflammation in a mammary gland was detected. Somatic cell count of milk from vaccinated animals decreased by 286 and 432 thousand/ml at the unit and on the farm respectively. During the test period Staphylococcus aureus isolation rate declined by 19.41%.

scholarly journals Mastitis pathogens and somatic cell count in ewes milk

10.5219/1338 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
Kristí­na Tvarožková ◽  
Vladimí­r Tančin ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Lukáš Hleba ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of pathogens in selected group of ewes and the relationship between somatic cell count (SCC) and the presence of pathogens. The experiment was carried out on a dairy farm, where predominantly breed was a Tsigai. Sampling was carried out in monthly intervals as part of the milk recording test day from February to July 2019. A total of 303 ewes were included in the survey, during the milk recording test day. The ewes with SCC ≥1000 × 103 cells.mL-1 were selected for further sampling at half udder level. Based on SCC the ewes were divided into five groups: <200 ×103; ≥200 <400 × 103; ≥400 <600 × 103; ≥600 <1000 × 103; ≥1000 × 103 cells.mL-1. The first group of SCC contained 33.9% of milk samples, the second 14.1% of samples, the third 5.7% of samples, the fourth 6.2% and the fifth 40.1% of samples. The most common pathogens were coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS). The most frequent CNS was Staphylococcus (S.) simulans (24.4%). S. aureus was identified in 5.3% of bacteriological positive samples. Almost 70% of ewes with bacteriological positive samples were repeated identified the presence of pathogens during tested period. SCC ≥500 × 103 cells.mL-1  were detected in 92.5% bacteriological positive milk samples. The presence of pathogens increased SCC in milk (p <0.001) as compared to samples free of pathogens. In conclusion, the SCC ≥500 × 103 cells.mL-1 could be important for detection of subclinical mastitis at half udder level in dairy ewes.

scholarly journals Farm records in investigation of epidemiology, symptomatology and causes of clinical mastitis in a dairy farm

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110
Author(s):  
Dino Haracic ◽  
Sabina Seric-Haracic ◽  
Ermin Saljic ◽  
Nihad Fejzic
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
On Farm

Mastitis is one of the most important diseases in dairy cow farms and one of the most common cause for antibiotic treatment. Aims of this study were: to investigate frequency and trends of clinical mastitis in cows on a large dairy farm, describe clinical characteristics of mastitis and investigate causative infectious agents in selected cases alongside antimicrobial resistance. In our study we used farm records for clinical mastitis recorded for period 2016 and 2017. We also used results of the regular on farm testing of the somatic cell count for 2017. Samples of milk from all clinical mastitis cases were taken during November and December 2017 in order to investigate causative agents and their antimicrobial resistance. Occurrence of clinical mastitis was 205 cases (47.7%) in 2017 compared to 93 cases (29.7%) recorded in 2016. In 2017 reoccurrence of clinical mastitis in same animal was recorded for 93 cows (45.4%). In 2016 reoccurrence of clinical mastitis in same animal was recoded for 49 cows (29.7%). Average course of clinical mastitis in 2016 was 3 days, while in 2017 4.5 days (continuous days of recording a case in farm records). Somatic cell count in more than half of tested animals was higher than 200.000 SC/ml according to the measurements from February and July 2017 (number of cows tested 236 and 169, respectively). Out of 23 milk samples, 20 had bacteriological growth. In 9 samples we identified S.aureus, in 6 streptococcus spp., in 4 coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) and one sample contained E.coli. Most common resistance was found for lincomycin-spectinomycin (100%) gentamicin (92%), followed by cefquinome (65%), linkomycin (53%) and erythromycin (47%). Isolates of S.aureus were resistant on the largest number of investigated antibiotics.

Evaluation of the udder health status in subclinical mastitis affected dairy cows through bacteriological culture, somatic cell count and thermographic imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bortolami ◽  
E. Fiore ◽  
M. Gianesella ◽  
M. Corrò ◽  
S. Catania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Thermographic Imaging

Abstract Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson’s correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (p<0.05) cows positive for a pathogen from cows negative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (p<0.05) but was not able to discriminate between positive and negative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

scholarly journals Bulk tank somatic cell count and associated microbial quality of milk from selected dairy cattle herds in Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olufemi Olatoye ◽  
Adesola Amosun ◽  
Uzo Ogbu ◽  
Yemi Okunlade
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Quality And Safety ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test

Improvement of traditional and nomadic milk production through dairy development program in Nigeria requires routine quality and safety monitoring of milk both at herd level and milk collection centers. A total of 411 bulk raw milk samples aseptically obtained from Ibarapa, Oyo and Oke-Ogun industrial milk collection centers were subjected to California Mastitis Test (CMT), Bulk Somatic Cell Count (BSCC) and bacteriological analysis for assessment of quality and safety of milk from the herds. One hundred and seven (26.0%) of the samples were CMT positive, while 74.0% were negative to CMT. The overall mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 1.27×103 ± cells/mL, 1.12×103± 34 cfu/mL, 97.8±9.8 cfu/mL in the CMT negative milk samples while for the strong positive samples the mean BSCC, TAC and TCC were 4.33×106 ± cells/mL, 2.35×106 ± 453 cfu/mL, 189.3±41.1 cfu/mL respectively; these were higher than the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance acceptable limits. Positive correlation was found between CMT scores and bacterial contamination and between CMT scores and SCC was recorded. About 26.0% of the samples with positive CMT could be considered unsafe due to strong correlation with microbial contamination that could result in milk borne zoonoses and public health hazards. However, a greater proportion (76.9%) of the milk with negative CMT scores could be safe for human consumption after post-harvest pasteurization. Consequently, there is need to improve handling, environmental and milking hygiene; as well as proper herd and udder health management to improve quality and safety of Nigeria dairy products.

Association between herd exposure to BVDV-infection and bulk milk somatic cell count of Flemish dairy farms

2013 ◽  
Vol 109 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Laureyns ◽  
Sofie Piepers ◽  
Stefaan Ribbens ◽  
Steven Sarrazin ◽  
Sarne De Vliegher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Bulk Milk

scholarly journals Changes in teat parameters caused by milking and their recovery to their initial size

2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-662
Author(s):  
L. Stádník ◽  
F. Louda ◽  
J. Bezdíček ◽  
A. Ježková ◽  
M. Rákos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Initial Size ◽  
Linear Description ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Teat Canal ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. Dairy cows of 2 breeds, 74 Holstein (H) and 72 Czech Fleckvieh (C) cows in the 1st (H, n=38; C, n=38) and 2nd lactation (H, n=36; C, n=34) during the 1st period (n=74; H, n=40; C, n=34; to 150 days) and the 2nd period of lactation (n=72; H, n=34; C, n=38; above 150 days) were observed. Differences in external and internal proportions of teat closely before (the 1st measurement), immediately after (the 2nd measurement) and 3 h after milking (the 3rd measurement), udder conformation evaluated by linear description, somatic cell count, daily milk yield and the time of milking were evaluated in relation to the effect of breed and period of lactation. The length of the teat canal, area of the teat end, and wall thickness were measured from the axial picture recorded by ultrasound Aloka SSD500 (Aloka Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Significant interbreed differences were detected in external as well as internal teat proportions (P<0.05–0.001). Relative changes of teat diameter, comparing C and H cows, differed significantly between the 1st and the 3rd measurement (P<0.05). The length of teat increased during milking and didn´t achieve the beginning size during 3 h after milking. Significant diiference in the length of teat between the 2nd measurement and the 3rd measurement was determined in H cows only (P<0.001). The most significant changes of the length of the teat canal and the area of teat were found in both breeds between values measured closely before and immediately after milking (P<0.5–0.001). Wall thickness was strengthen in C cows (+15.6 %) during the 2nd measurement according to the 1st (P<0.05), while difference represented +18 % (P<0.001) in H cows. Non-significantly higher values of external proportions of teat were measured in the 2nd period of lactation except diameter of teat closely before milking. Internal proportions of teat were always significantly higher in the 2nd period of lactation in relation to the 1st period. Prolongation of teat canal by 0.15 cm (P<0.01) closely before, by 0.16 cm (P<0.001) immediately after, and by 0.13 cm (P<0.01) 3 h after milking was measured in the 2nd period of lactation. The area of teat end measured before milking was significantly larger in the 2nd period of lactation (P<0.01).

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