Effect of maize crop residue density onFusariumhead blight and on deoxynivalenol contamination of common wheat grains

AbstractThe chemical composition of 4 spring wheat species was analyzed: einkorn (Triticum monococcum) (local cv.), emmer (Triticum dicoccon) (Lamella cv.), spelt (Triticum spelta) (Wirtas cv.), and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Rospuda cv.). Mean emmer and einkorn yield was significantly lower than that of common wheat. The analyses of the wheat grain included the content of total protein, crude ash, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The grains of the tested ancient wheats were richer in protein, lipids, crude fibre, and crude ash than the common wheat grains. The significantly highest levels of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash were found in einkorn. As the protein concentration in the grain increased, the calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels increased, and the zinc and manganese levels decreased. Genotypic differences between the studied wheats were reflected in the concentrations of the minerals and nutrients, an observation which can be useful in further cross-linkage studies. Dough made from common wheat and spelt flour showed better performance quality classifying it to be used for bread production. In turn, flour from emmer and einkorn wheat may be intended for pastry products, due to short dough development time and constancy as well as high softening.

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Crop Residue Management under Changing Climate Scenario

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v37i630313 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Jubuli Sahu ◽

Muneswar Prasad ◽

Raghubar Sahu ◽

Dharmendra Kumar ◽

Sanjay Kumar Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crop Residue ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Cropping System ◽

Climate Scenario ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Residue Management ◽

Present Condition ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Crop Residue Management

An effort has been made to study the effect of climate change on crop residues and need of crop residue management in present environmental condition. Crop residue management as an important practiced in the rice–wheat cropping system. In present condition, cropping season is shifted according to changing rainfall pattern. In case of wheat and rice-based cropping system, there is a chance of crop loss due to occurrence of rainfall at harvesting stage so, to cope with that situation combine harvesters become more popularize among farmers because of effective harvesting in less time, less effort and minimum labour cost. But it lefts a huge amount of loose straw in their field and farmers face difficulties in the disposal of huge straw in the field in short time has compelled to go for crop residue burning to save time as well labour. Farmers can use that residues in vermi-composting, can be fed to animals after urea treatment etc. without burning. In recent year 30-40% maize crop have been damaged due to hailstorm at its grain filling stage so these residues can be used in making silage. Removal of straw or stover can result in significant loss of soil organic carbon (SOC). If they are used as bedding for livestock, then much of the carbon may be returned to the soil as manure (Lal et al., 1998). When crop-residue is incorporated into soil, the soil’s physical properties and its water-holding capacity are enhanced. Unlike in earlier conservation farming systems wherein retained stubble was mulched and slashed, now it is mostly burned by the farmers. Vermicomposting, waste decomposer, Green Manuring, use of zero tillage machine, silage making and urea treated straw are the best option to crop residue management. The study aimed to examine the present status of crop residue management of major crops and its impact on farmers’ livelihood covering eleven blocks in Banka district of Bihar.

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Effects of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.) - Gobhi sarson (Brassica napus L.) cropping system in sub-tropical region under foothills of north-west Himalayas

Bangladesh Journal of Botany ◽

10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21666 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (2) ◽

pp. 147-155 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vikas Gupta ◽

Anil Sharma ◽

Jai Kumar ◽

Vikas Abrol ◽

Brinder Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Cropping System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tropical Region ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Maize Crop ◽

North West

A pronounced residual effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers, applied in maize crop was observed on yields of maize-gobhi sarson cropping system. The experiment was conducted with 10 treatments of N, P, K, FYM, crop residue and zinc sulphate nutrients. The highest growth, yield and yield components of maize crop were recorded with 100% recommended fertilizer dose-RFD + ZnSO4 20 kg/ha and the grain yield (2409 kg/ha) was about 101% higher over the control. In case of gobhi sarson, the highest seed yield (1081 kg/ha) was observed as a pronounced residual effect of 10 t/ha FYM in preceding maize crop; which was about 81% higher over the control. The treatments where 50% N was substituted by FYM and crop residue in maize crop had the best reflection in enhancing the seed yield of gobhi sarson to the tune of 74 and 70% over the control and 16 and 13% over farmers practice. The highest rain water use efficiency (RWUE) and heatuse efficiency (HUE) was recorded in treatment 100% RFD + ZnSO4 20 kg/ha in maize crop and 10 t/ha FYM in gobhi sarson. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v43i2.21666 Bangladesh J. Bot. 43(2): 147-155, 2014 (September)

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Maize crop residue uses and trade-offs on smallholder crop-livestock farms in Zimbabwe: Economic implications of intensification

Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment ◽

10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 214 ◽

pp. 31-45 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Leonard Rusinamhodzi ◽

Mark T.van Wijk ◽

Marc Corbeels ◽

Mariana C. Rufino ◽

Ken E. Giller

Keyword(s):

Crop Residue ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Economic Implications ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Livestock Farms

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Biofortification of Common Wheat Grains with Combined Ca, Mg, and K through Foliar Fertilisation

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11091718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1718

Author(s):

Francesca Cobalchin ◽

Mirko Volpato ◽

Alberto Modena ◽

Luisa Finotti ◽

Francesco Manni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Common Wheat ◽

Concentration Ratio ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

Wheat Grains ◽

The Poor ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Lower Extent ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Foliar Fertilisation

Common wheat grains are characterised by low concentrations of Ca, K, and Mg, which can be partially removed with the bran during milling processes. This preliminary study investigated the effects of foliar fertilisation at the earing stage with nitrates of Ca, Mg, and K contemporarily, together with a small amount of urea and protein hydrolysate as potential carriers, in two contrasting common wheat varieties, i.e., Solehio (medium proteins content) and Vivendo (high proteins content). Based on the preliminary grain-to-straw concentration ratio of these minerals, two biofortification targets were applied in order to increase their grain contents by +20% and +40%, in comparison with untreated controls. Here, we demonstrate that the highest fertilisation dose was effective in increasing grain K by 13% and Mg by 16% in Vivendo, and Ca by 7% in Solehio, with no boosting effects of the co-formulants urea and protein hydrolysate. In addition to some qualitative benefits due to nitrates supply, negligible phytotoxicity symptoms were observed, as revealed by the NDVI vegetational index dynamics. Although the biofortification target was not fully achieved, this study firstly reports the possibility to increase at the same time Mg and K, and to a lower extent Ca in wheat grains. It is concluded that efficient multiple biofortification should consider a variety-depend response, while further studies are necessary to investigate the effects of different fertilisation timings and doses for improving the poor mineral translocation to the grains.

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Ploughing down harvest residues of preceding crops for the purpose of soybean yield improvement

Journal of Agricultural Sciences Belgrade ◽

10.2298/jas1903215d ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 215-224

Author(s):

Vojin Djukic ◽

Zlatica Miladinov ◽

Gordana Dozet ◽

Svetlana Balesevic-Tubic ◽

Jegor Miladinovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Source ◽

Soil Fertility ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Crop Residue ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Soybean Yield ◽

Yield Increase ◽

Organic Fertilisers

Soybean yield depends on the choice of cultivar, soil fertility, cultivation practices, and weather conditions in different years. Ploughing down crop residues increases the content of soil organic matter, and thereby positively affects soil fertility. The use of crop residues as an energy source has been promoted in recent years. It would be wrong to refer to this as a renewable energy source as the removal of crop residues from agricultural fields reduces and ultimately damages soil fertility, which in turn leads to reduced yield and a crop residue decrease in the future. Due to the reduced application of manure and organic fertilisers, it is necessary to return crop residues to the soil to preserve soil structure and prevent soil fertility decline. The effect of ploughing down crop residues of preceding crops on soybean yield has been the focus of studies for eleven years. Ploughing down maize crop residues resulted in the soybean yield increase by about 11.69%, i.e. the annual yield increase ranged from 2.89% to 15.94%.

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