scholarly journals Comparison of yield, chemical composition and farinograph properties of common and ancient wheat grains

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wioletta Biel ◽  
Anna Jaroszewska ◽  
Sławomir Stankowski ◽  
Magdalena Sobolewska ◽  
Jagoda Kępińska-Pacelik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Einkorn Wheat ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Performance Quality ◽  
Cross Linkage ◽  
Bread Production ◽  
Iron Manganese

AbstractThe chemical composition of 4 spring wheat species was analyzed: einkorn (Triticum monococcum) (local cv.), emmer (Triticum dicoccon) (Lamella cv.), spelt (Triticum spelta) (Wirtas cv.), and common wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Rospuda cv.). Mean emmer and einkorn yield was significantly lower than that of common wheat. The analyses of the wheat grain included the content of total protein, crude ash, crude fat, crude fibre, carbohydrates, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc. The grains of the tested ancient wheats were richer in protein, lipids, crude fibre, and crude ash than the common wheat grains. The significantly highest levels of crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash were found in einkorn. As the protein concentration in the grain increased, the calcium, magnesium, and potassium levels increased, and the zinc and manganese levels decreased. Genotypic differences between the studied wheats were reflected in the concentrations of the minerals and nutrients, an observation which can be useful in further cross-linkage studies. Dough made from common wheat and spelt flour showed better performance quality classifying it to be used for bread production. In turn, flour from emmer and einkorn wheat may be intended for pastry products, due to short dough development time and constancy as well as high softening.

scholarly journals Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
T. N. Mandal ◽  
T. P. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Information ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Contents

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.

scholarly journals The nutritional quality of feedstuffs used in dairy goat nutrition in Vojvodina

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-178
Author(s):  
Snezana Paskas ◽  
Jelena Miocinovic ◽  
Branislav Vejnovic ◽  
Zsolt Becskei
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

The study was to conduct to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive values of feedstuffs (forages and concentrate mixtures) used for dairy goats nutrition in Vojvodina. Samples were collected from six farms, including one organic farm. The results showed that the relative feed values of analyzed forages were in the range of good, medium to lower quality. Average protein content from lowest to highest for investigated forages was: corn silage (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.57g kg??DM), alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (159.99-184.17g kg??DM), pasture (185.30g kg?? DM), and alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kg??DM). The non-fibre carbohydrates and protein content most varied in organic hay samples (cv: 29.25% and 19.09%, respectively). Generally, feedstuffs used in organic nutrition, including organic concentrate, were of lower nutritional quality and moreover contained higher amounts of crude fibre and lignin. Especially, a high source of variation was observed in investigated concentrate mixtures for the crude protein content (p<0.0001), ranged from 135.32 to 209.87g kg??DM. Corn silages also varied substantially in their chemical composition and significant difference (p<0.05) was observed in regard to acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin content (ranged: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg??DM; ADL: 27.98-52.54g kg??DM, respectively). Furthermore, pasture contained the most soluble materials during May and June and their content was related inversely to crude fibre amount. This survey highlights that investigated farms still pay insufficient attention to the quality of the feedstuff. For the development of intensive goat farming, greater emphasis should be placed on using higher quality feedstuffs, as well, standards for feed quality must be considered and established.

scholarly journals The Cracking Mechanism of Ferritic-Austenitic Cast Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Stradomski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cast Steel ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Hadfield Steel ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Low Solubility

Abstract In the high-alloy, ferritic - austenitic (duplex) stainless steels high tendency to cracking, mainly hot-is induced by micro segregation processes and change of crystallization mechanism in its final stage. The article is a continuation of the problems presented in earlier papers [1 - 4]. In the range of high temperature cracking appear one mechanism a decohesion - intergranular however, depending on the chemical composition of the steel, various structural factors decide of the occurrence of hot cracking. The low-carbon and low-alloy cast steel casting hot cracking cause are type II sulphide, in high carbon tool cast steel secondary cementite mesh and / or ledeburite segregated at the grain solidified grains boundaries, in the case of Hadfield steel phosphorus - carbide eutectic, which carrier is iron-manganese and low solubility of phosphorus in high manganese matrix. In duplex cast steel the additional factor increasing the risk of cracking it is very “rich” chemical composition and related with it processes of precipitation of many secondary phases.

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and Variety

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kotlarz ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Wacław Strobel ◽  
Wilhelm Grzesiak
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
Pea Seeds

Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Protein of the Pea Seeds - Effect of Harvesting Year and VarietyWe tested nutritional usability of pea seeds (Pisum sativumL.) at full maturity. Four white-flowering and 5 colour-flowering new Polish cultivars were compared. We determined proximate composition of ground seeds collected over 4 years period as well as amino acids, minerals (Ca, P, Na, K), tannins and fiber fractions (NDF, ADF, ADL). The seeds contained between 224 and 260 g·kg-1of crude protein which was rich in Lys (6.8±0.8 g) but poor in Met+Cys (2.0±0.2 g·16 g-1N). The amount of tannins (as tannic acid equivalent) in white-flowering cvs was 4.3±0.9 g and in colour-flowering - 7.4±2.2 g. The calculated protein nutritional values were compared against amino acid standards of human and animal nutrition and the whole egg protein. Effects of the cropping year and variety variance in respect of chemical composition of seeds were examined. Crude protein, crude oil, N-free extractives, tannins, K, amino acid content: Leu, Phe+Tyr and Ala content were influenced significantly by the cultivar, while the cropping year had a significant influence on dry matter, crude ash, crude protein, crude fibre, crude oil, N-free extractives ADF and ADL fiber fractions, content of P, Na and K, most of the amino acid levels and on nutritional values of the protein measured by means of CS and EAAI indices.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in sacco ruminal degradation of tropical trees rich in condensed tannins

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 176-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Belachew ◽  
K. Yisehak ◽  
T. Taye ◽  
G.P.J. Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Chemical Constituent ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
In Sacco

The study was aimed at determining the chemical composition, in sacco ruminal dry matter and organic matter degradability of leaves and fruits of tropical condensed tannin rich multipurpose tree species (MPTS). The MPTS studied were Ekebergia capenesis, Ficus sycomorus, Maesa lanceolata, and Rhus glutinosa. Chemical composition of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC), and condensed tannin (CT) was determined. In sacco rumen degradability was measured using three rumen fistulated Holstein Friesian-Boran cross steers at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The DM and organic matter (OM) degradability data were fitted to the equation Y = a + b(1 &ndash; e<sup>&ndash;ct</sup>). The values for each chemical constituent ranged 5.43&ndash;11.49% (CA), 7.97&ndash;17.06% (CP), 1.57&ndash;31% (EE), 12.20&ndash;27.5% (CF), 5.84&ndash;39.30% (NFC), and 7.2&ndash;16.72% (CT). Ekebergia capensis leaves had the greatest values for slowly degradable fraction (b), effective degradability (ED), and rate of degradation (c) in DM (P &lt; 0.001) whereas E. capensis fruit had significantly the greatest soluble fraction (a), potential degradability (b), and effective degradability (ED) values as compared to the a, PD, and ED values in the fruits of other plants(P &lt; 0.001). Yet in OM degradation kinetics, the greatest and least values of potential degradability (PD) were recorded for F. sycomorus (89.89%) and E. capensis (55.90%) leaves (P &lt; 0.001). Similar to the rapidly soluble fraction a, ED was found to be the greatest in fruits as compared to leaves of the plants (P &lt; 0.001). Generally variation of plant parts led to significant differences in chemical composition, DM, and OM degradability and the degradable parameters. The leaves and fruits recorded more than 60% DM and OM degradability at 24 h, which implied that they were all greatly degradable in the rumen.

scholarly journals Responses of chemical composition, amino acid and fatty acid profiles of breast muscle to dietary crude fibre levels in China Micro-Ducks

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
S.P. Wang ◽  
D.M. Luo ◽  
G.W. Liu ◽  
M.J. Yin ◽  
C.F. Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Crude Fibre

scholarly journals Chemical composition of bambara groundnut (V. subterranea L. Verdc) seed parts

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Olaleye ◽  
EI Adeyeye ◽  
AJ Adesina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mineral Bioavailability ◽  
Good For

The levels of proximate composition, minerals, antinutrients, fibre components and calculated parameters for mineral bioavailability were determined in the testa, dehulled and whole seeds of Bambara groundnut on dry weight basis. Proximate levels were (g/100 g): ash (2.46- 4.36); crude fat (2.47-6.99); crude protein (15.2-22.2); crude fibre (1.03-22.9) and carbohydrate (51.6-61.9). The non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) components were (%): ADF, 7.13-29.0 (or 16.1 %-65.5 %); NDF, 1.77-23.6 (or 6.28 %-83.7 %); ADL, 6.15-28.0 (or 14.9 %-67.8 %); cellulose, 1.36-23.3 (or 5.02 %-86.0 %) and hemicellulose, 0.84-26.5 (or 2.86 %-90.1 %). In minerals (mg/100 g): Mn, Co and Cu were not detected; Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe and P were low in values whereas Zn was high at 11.2-40.2. These parameters were also good for human health: Na/K (0.47-0.51) and Ca/Mg (2.58-4.36). Antinutrient values showed that Phy was high (14.4-29.2 mg/g); oxalate was high (5.02- 8.59 mg/g) and unavailable phosphorus as Pp % of P (10.2-49.3 %). The mineral bioavailability showed Ca/Phy to be good at 0.20-0.89 and [Ca] [Phy]/[Zn] to be good at 0.09-0.23 thereby making Zn bioavailable in all the samples. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v48i3.17325 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 48(3), 167-178, 2013

Characterization of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber in F.H. Wigg.) biotype morphology, chemical composition and response to glyphosate

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Moyer ◽  
A. L. Boswall ◽  
L. M. Kawchuk ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
B. Tovell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Cattle Feed ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Dandelion plants at the Lethbridge Research Centre, Alberta, have several different leaf shapes and possibly include individuals that are tolerant to glyphosate. The objectives of this study were to determine whether different leaf shapes are due to genotypic differences, whether chemical composition varies with leaf shape, and whether plants vary in their response to glyphosate. Plants with possible glyphosate tolerance were collected in 1998 from a pasture field where forage grasses were terminated with glyphosate, and from an alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) field where no herbicides had been applied. Image analysis of plants that were progeny of the original collection indicated that they have significantly different leaf shapes. DNA analysis confirmed that genotypic differences associated with leaf shape exist among dandelion plants collected at the Lethbridge Research Centre. The biotypes had different metal concentrations, which may be a concern if plants are sampled to monitor metal contamination. All biotypes had acceptable metal concentrations for use as cattle feed. In greenhouse tests, all biotypes required similar doses of glyphosate to reduce growth by 50%. All biotypes have considerable tolerance to glyphosate at rates to at least 1.8 kg a.e. ha-1, root fragments remained that were capable of supporting new leaf growth. Key words: Dandelion, DNA, glyphosate, leaf shape, mineral content, protein

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document