Characteristics of Pregnant Women with HIV Infection Following Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV (PMTCT) Program in Sanglah General Hospital 2005-2014

Aims: Vertical transmission from mother to fetus is the main route of HIVinfection among children. This study is an effort to review utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by pregnant women seeking care in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH). Methods: Case records of 165 pregnant women with HIV positive status who delivered at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from April 2005 to Dec 2011 were reviewed. Demographic profile of these women and interventions to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) including antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARV), mode of delivery, infant feeding practice as well as HIV status of their children were recorded. Results: Hospital records showed 109262 antenatal attendees and 120823 deliveries including 165 HIV infected women who delivered in this facility. Prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal attendees was 0.11 % and 0.13% in hospital deliveries. Migrant worker spouse (44.2%) was the main source of infection in their wives. Eighty eight (55.7%) out of 150 eligible women received ARV drugs and 97% babies received antiretroviral prophylaxis . Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 60% women and caesarean section performed in the rest. While 60.8% women opted for exclusive breast feeding, remaining 39.2% chose formula feeding. For prophylaxis of opportunistic infection, Cotrimoxazole was given to 70.3% children. The incidence of HIV infection in babies born to HIV infected mother was 5.1%. Conclusions: Integrating PMTCT services into existing maternal and child health system can significantly reduce perinatal transmission of HIV infection to children. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 25-28

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Barriers and opportunities for implementing prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) in Bangli District

Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive ◽

10.15562/phpma.v5i1.46 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Ketut Espana Giri ◽

Ni Made Sri Nopiyani ◽

Ketut Tuti Parwati Merati

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Testing ◽

Health Centre ◽

Community Leaders ◽

Pmtct Program ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Public Health Centre ◽

Mother To Child ◽

Village Health

Background and purpose: HIV testing among pregnant women can reduce the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. The implementation of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program in Bangli District is suboptimal. This study aims to explore challenges and opportunities for implementing PMTCT program from both user and provider perspectives.Methods: A qualitative approach was conducted in Bangli District between April and May 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 18 informants. All informants were purposively selected and covered of 10 pregnant women, two counsellors, two laboratory analysts, two head of community health centres, one disease control officer from Bangli District Health Office and one officer from Bangli District AIDS Commission. Data were analysed using thematic method.Results: Pregnant women chose to have ANC service at private midwife and obstetrician instead of public health centre. From health providers’ perspectives barrier of PMTCT implementation included lack of health human resources and a high level of stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS in the community. This study revealed that there was an opportunity for PMTCT implementation in Bangli District due to positive attitudes and supports from husband and health provider toward HIV testing. Another opportunity is to involve village health cadres and community leaders in promoting HIV testing among pregnant women.Conclusions: Implementation of PMTCT program in health centre should include network of private practitioner and enhance village health cadres’ and community leaders’ participation.

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Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: positive impacts

Microbiology Australia ◽

10.1071/ma08215 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Pamela Palasanthiran

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rare Event ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Adverse Outcomes ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Major Mode ◽

The Usa ◽

Mother To Child

Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the major mode of paediatric HIV infection. Advances in the prevention of MTCT over the past decade and a half represent a major public health achievement. Strategies to prevent MTCT are now the standard of care for countries rich enough to afford the interventions. As such, perinatally acquired HIV in countries like the USA and Europe is now a rare event. With clearly documented declines in MTCT rates in resource rich countries, the focus is shifting towards any downsides of these strategies in pregnant women and for fetuses exposed in utero to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and to infants postnatally. Cumulative evidence still supports the benefits of these strategies in preventing MCTC of HIV, with continued benefits for HIV pregnant women and their infants, and with minimal adverse outcomes. Knowledge of HIV infection status in pregnancy is critical for identifying the need for MTCT prevention. However, antenatal testing rates to identify HIV infected women is variable and an area that warrants attention. The overwhelming challenge in the 21st century is up scaling the availability of MTCT interventions in resource poor areas where more than 90% of the world?s HIV infected children now reside, and to develop optimal MTCT regimens that can be practically adopted in these settings.

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Perilaku dan Persepsi Keyakinan Ibu Hamil Terhadap Screening HIV di Kota Pematangsiantar

Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan SUARA FORIKES (Journal of Health Research Forikes Voice) ◽

10.33846/sf11222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 202

Author(s):

Dame Evalina Simangunsong ◽

Kandace Sianipar ◽

Juliani Purba

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Screening ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Loss To Follow Up ◽

Women With Hiv ◽

Mother To Child ◽

Hiv Aids

Prevention of HIV transmission from mother to baby or Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) is an effective and in achieving a broad objective in suppressing maternal and infant mortality related to the level of public health in a region.Public Health Center with VCT service in the city Pematangsiantar has not yet fully provide PMTCT to realize pregnant women for screening HIV/AIDS. Pregnant women with HIV/AIDS still have a loss to follow up, this is a threat to suppress the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS. Obstetrics study Program which also integrates the promotion of HIV/AIDS and IMS into KIA service to be responsible in suppressing its spread. These research identified the behavior and perception of pregnant women's beliefs against HIV screening to determine the level of consciousness in conducted HIV screening. These research was a descriptive studied with cross sectional design. Pregnant women who were netted in the ANC Ministry were the populations in this study. Data analysis was conducted to see the behavior and perception of pregnant women's beliefs against HIV screening. Data processed with univariate analysis. Found 337 expectant mothers who perform ANC and as many as 194 people were not willing to do HIV screening. Found low-level, disagreement and low-action and low-confidence perception of HIV screening.It is necessary to conduct a strategy approach with personal counseling, peer-education and home visits in the net of pregnant women with HIV. Keywords: behavior; HIV; screening; perception ABSTRAK Pencegahan penularan HIV dari ibu ke bayinya atau Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) adalah suatu cara yang efektif dan dalam mencapai tujuan yang luas dalam menekan angka kematian ibu dan bayi yang berkaitan dengan tingkat kesehatan masyarakat di suatu wilayah. Puskesmas dengan layanan VCT di kota Pematangsiantar belum sepenuhnya memberikan PMTCT untuk menyadarkan ibu hamil untuk screening HIV/AIDS. Ibu hamil dengan HIV/AIDS masih ada yang loss to follow up, hal ini menjadi ancaman dalam menekan prevalensi dan insiden HIV/AIDS. Program Studi Kebidanan Pematangsiantar yang turut mengintegrasikan Promosi HIV/AIDS dan IMS ke dalam pelayanan KIA ikut bertanggungjawab dalam menekan penyebarannya. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi perilaku dan persepsi keyakinan ibu hamil terhadap screening HIV untuk mengetahui tingkat kesadarannya dalam melakukan screening HIV. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain cross sectional. Ibu hamil yang terjaring dalam pelayanan ANCadalah populasi dalam penelitian ini. Analisis data dilakukan untuk melihat perilaku dan persepsi keyakinan ibu hamil terhadap screening HIV. Data diolah dengan analisis univariate. Ditemukan 337 ibu hamil yang melakukan ANC dan sebanyak 194 orang belum bersedia dilakukan screening HIV. Ditemukan pegetahuan yang rendah, sikap tidak setuju dan tindakan yang rendah serta persepsi keyakinan yang rendah terhadap screening HIV.Perlu melakukan strategi pendekatan dengan konseling pribadi, peer-edukasi dan kunjungan rumah dalam menjaring ibu hamil dengan HIV. Kata kunci: perilaku; HIV; screening; persepsi

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Relationship between placenta malaria and mother to child transmission of HIV infection in pregnant women in South East Nigeria

Malaria Journal ◽

10.1186/s12936-020-03171-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ikechukwu I. Mbachu ◽

Samson D. Ejikunle ◽

Frederick Anolue ◽

Chioma N. Mbachu ◽

Ephraim Dike ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Mother To Child

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Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

HIV Medicine ◽

10.1046/j.1464-2662.2001.00082.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 314-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

EGH Lyall ◽

M Blott ◽

A De Ruiter ◽

D Hawkins ◽

D Mercy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Mother To Child

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Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

HIV Medicine ◽

10.1111/j.1468-1293.2005.00302.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 6 (S2) ◽

pp. 107-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

D. Hawkins ◽

M. Blott ◽

P. Clayden ◽

A. de Ruiter ◽

G. Foster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Mother To Child

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Why do HIV-positive pregnant women discontinue with comprehensive PMTCT services? A qualitative study

Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive ◽

10.15562/phpma.v6i1.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Putu Emy Suryanti ◽

Komang Ayu Kartika Sari ◽

Pande Putu Januraga ◽

Dinar Lubis

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Pmtct Program ◽

Care Providers ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Related Information ◽

Mother To Child

AbstractBackground and purpose: Prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) is a government program aimed at preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. A comprehensive PMTCT program involves the implementation of HIV testing up to antiretroviral (ARV) treatment for mothers with positive HIV test results. Coverage of comprehensive PMTCT remains low, with many HIV-positive pregnant women who discontinued ARV treatment. This study aims to explore the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women to discontinue with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Methods: A qualitative study was carried out in Badung District, Bali Province, with seven respondents: one HIV-positive pregnant woman who did not continue the ARV treatment, two HIV-positive women who gave birth the previous year and did not take ARV, three public health centre (PHC) providers, and one head of PHC. Respondents were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed thematically. The results presented narratively to illustrate the reasons why HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program.Results: The emerging themes related to the reasons of HIV-positive pregnant women discontinued with the comprehensive PMTCT program included the lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, the lack of health provider assistance, and the high stigma towards people living with HIV (PLHIV). These barriers were affecting the willingness of HIV-positive pregnant women to continue with the program.Conclusions: Lack of comprehensive PMTCT-related information, lack of assistance by health care providers, and high public stigma impacts upon HIV-positive pregnant women’s willingness to continue with comprehensive PMTCT program. There is a need for a minimum service standard in the implementation of comprehensive PMTCT services and comprehensive information on HIV infection in order to reduce the stigma towards PLHIV.

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Near-infrared spectroscopy of blood plasma with chemometrics towards HIV discrimination during pregnancy

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02105-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Daniel L. D. Freitas ◽

Ana F. S. Peres ◽

Lidiane G. Silva ◽

João V. M. Mariz ◽

Marcos G. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Blood Plasma ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Low Cost ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Mother To Child Transmission ◽

Child Transmission ◽

Mother To Child

AbstractPrevention of mother-to-child transmission programs have been one of the hallmarks of success in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In Brazil, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has increased, leading to a reduction in new infections among children. Currently, lifelong ART is available to all pregnant, however yet challenges remain in eliminating mother-to-child transmission. In this paper, we focus on the role of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyse blood plasma samples of pregnant women with HIV infection to differentiate pregnant women without HIV infection. Seventy-seven samples (39 HIV-infected patient and 38 healthy control samples) were analysed. Multivariate classification of resultant NIR spectra facilitated diagnostic segregation of both sample categories in a fast and non-destructive fashion, generating good accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This method is simple and low-cost, and can be easily adapted to point-of-care screening, which can be essential to monitor pregnancy risks in remote locations or in the developing world. Therefore, it opens a new perspective to investigate vertical transmission (VT). The approach described here, can be useful for the identification and exploration of VT under various pathophysiological conditions of maternal HIV. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost HIV detection.

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