scholarly journals Mother-to-child transmission of HIV: positive impacts

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Pamela Palasanthiran
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Major Mode ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mother To Child

Mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the major mode of paediatric HIV infection. Advances in the prevention of MTCT over the past decade and a half represent a major public health achievement. Strategies to prevent MTCT are now the standard of care for countries rich enough to afford the interventions. As such, perinatally acquired HIV in countries like the USA and Europe is now a rare event. With clearly documented declines in MTCT rates in resource rich countries, the focus is shifting towards any downsides of these strategies in pregnant women and for fetuses exposed in utero to antiretroviral (ARV) drugs and to infants postnatally. Cumulative evidence still supports the benefits of these strategies in preventing MCTC of HIV, with continued benefits for HIV pregnant women and their infants, and with minimal adverse outcomes. Knowledge of HIV infection status in pregnancy is critical for identifying the need for MTCT prevention. However, antenatal testing rates to identify HIV infected women is variable and an area that warrants attention. The overwhelming challenge in the 21st century is up scaling the availability of MTCT interventions in resource poor areas where more than 90% of the world?s HIV infected children now reside, and to develop optimal MTCT regimens that can be practically adopted in these settings.

scholarly journals Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission (PMTCT) Program at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital: A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
M Shrestha ◽  
P Chaudhary ◽  
M Tumbhahangphe ◽  
J Poudel
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Migrant Worker ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Perinatal Transmission ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Antiretroviral Prophylaxis ◽  
Mother To Child

Aims: Vertical transmission from mother to fetus is the main route of HIVinfection among children. This study is an effort to review utilization of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services by pregnant women seeking care in Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital (PMWH). Methods: Case records of 165 pregnant women with HIV positive status who delivered at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital, Kathmandu from April 2005 to Dec 2011 were reviewed. Demographic profile of these women and interventions to prevent mother to child transmission (MTCT) including antiretroviral prophylaxis (ARV), mode of delivery, infant feeding practice as well as HIV status of their children were recorded. Results: Hospital records showed 109262 antenatal attendees and 120823 deliveries including 165 HIV infected women who delivered in this facility. Prevalence of HIV infection among antenatal attendees was 0.11 % and 0.13% in hospital deliveries. Migrant worker spouse (44.2%) was the main source of infection in their wives. Eighty eight (55.7%) out of 150 eligible women received ARV drugs and 97% babies received antiretroviral prophylaxis . Spontaneous vaginal delivery occurred in 60% women and caesarean section performed in the rest. While 60.8% women opted for exclusive breast feeding, remaining 39.2% chose formula feeding. For prophylaxis of opportunistic infection, Cotrimoxazole was given to 70.3% children. The incidence of HIV infection in babies born to HIV infected mother was 5.1%. Conclusions: Integrating PMTCT services into existing maternal and child health system can significantly reduce perinatal transmission of HIV infection to children. DOI: http://www.dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i2.11138 Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 2 / Issue 14 / July-Dec, 2012 / 25-28

scholarly journals Relationship between placenta malaria and mother to child transmission of HIV infection in pregnant women in South East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikechukwu I. Mbachu ◽  
Samson D. Ejikunle ◽  
Frederick Anolue ◽  
Chioma N. Mbachu ◽  
Ephraim Dike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission

HIV Medicine ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
EGH Lyall ◽  
M Blott ◽  
A De Ruiter ◽  
D Hawkins ◽  
D Mercy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Guidelines for the management of HIV infection in pregnant women and the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV

HIV Medicine ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 107-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hawkins ◽  
M. Blott ◽  
P. Clayden ◽  
A. de Ruiter ◽  
G. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals Near-infrared spectroscopy of blood plasma with chemometrics towards HIV discrimination during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. D. Freitas ◽  
Ana F. S. Peres ◽  
Lidiane G. Silva ◽  
João V. M. Mariz ◽  
Marcos G. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

AbstractPrevention of mother-to-child transmission programs have been one of the hallmarks of success in the fight against HIV/AIDS. In Brazil, access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy has increased, leading to a reduction in new infections among children. Currently, lifelong ART is available to all pregnant, however yet challenges remain in eliminating mother-to-child transmission. In this paper, we focus on the role of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to analyse blood plasma samples of pregnant women with HIV infection to differentiate pregnant women without HIV infection. Seventy-seven samples (39 HIV-infected patient and 38 healthy control samples) were analysed. Multivariate classification of resultant NIR spectra facilitated diagnostic segregation of both sample categories in a fast and non-destructive fashion, generating good accuracy, sensitivity and specificity. This method is simple and low-cost, and can be easily adapted to point-of-care screening, which can be essential to monitor pregnancy risks in remote locations or in the developing world. Therefore, it opens a new perspective to investigate vertical transmission (VT). The approach described here, can be useful for the identification and exploration of VT under various pathophysiological conditions of maternal HIV. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, the potential of NIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis as a screening tool for fast and low-cost HIV detection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy in incarcerated women and the incidence of congenital syphilis in births in prison in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Soares Madeira Domingues ◽  
Maria do Carmo Leal ◽  
Ana Paula Esteves Pereira ◽  
Barbara Ayres ◽  
Alexandra Roma Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Congenital Syphilis ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Syphilis Infection ◽  
Free Women ◽  
Mother To Child

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy, the mother to child transmission of syphilis and the incidence of congenital syphilis in incarcerated women in Brazil; to compare these rates to those observed in pregnant women outside of jail; and to verify the maternal factors associated with syphilis infection during pregnancy in free and incarcerated women. We used data from two nationwide studies conducted during the period 2011-2014. The Birth in Brazil study included 23,894 free women cared for in 266 hospitals. The Maternal and Infant Health in Prisons study included 495 incarcerated pregnant women or mothers living with their children, according to a census conducted in 33 female prisons. The same case definitions and data collection methods were used in both studies. The chi-square test was used to compare the characteristics of incarcerated and free women with a significance of 0.05. For incarcerated women, the estimated prevalence of syphilis during pregnancy was 8.7% (95%CI: 5.7-13.1) and for HIV infection 3.3% (95%CI: 1.7-6.6); the estimated mother to child transmission of syphilis was 66.7% (95%CI: 44.7-83.2) and the incidence of congenital syphilis was 58.1 per 1,000 living newborns (95%CI: 40.4-82.8). Incarcerated women had a greater prevalence of syphilis and HIV infection during pregnancy, lower quality of antenatal care and higher levels of social vulnerability. Syphilis infection showed to be an indicator of social vulnerability in free women, but not in incarcerated women. Health initiatives in prison are necessary to reduce healthcare inequalities and should include adequate antenatal and birth care.

scholarly journals Utilization of Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV Services and Associated Factors among Antenatal Care Attending Mothers in Sebeta Town, Central Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailu Merga ◽  
Kifle Woldemichael ◽  
Lamessa Dube
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pmtct Service ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mother To Child

Background. HIV transmission from mother to child continues to be the major source of HIV infection among children under the age of fifteen. Targeting pregnant women attending antenatal clinics provides a unique opportunity for implementing prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs against HIV infection of newborn babies. This study assessed utilization of PMTCT service of HIV and associated factors among ANC attending mothers.Methods. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from February 20 to March 30, 2015, using exit interviews with 377 ANC attendees using consecutive sampling method. In-depth interviews with service provider were conducted to complement the quantitative data. Data were entered and analysed using EpiData and SPSS, respectively.Results. The prevalence of PMTCT service utilization was 86.9% in this study. Only 8.6% of respondents attended the facility for HCT. After controlling confounders using logistic regression, PMTCT service utilization was associated with age (25–34) of respondents (AOR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.22, 0.97)), mother’s occupational status (being merchant AOR (95% CI) = 0.31 (0.12, 0.83), government employee AOR (95% CI) = 0.05 (0.01, 0.28), student AOR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.01, 0.44), and daily laborer AOR (95% CI) = 0.13 (0.05, 0.33)), husband’s educational status (lack of formal education (AOR (95% CI) = 3.3 (1.1, 9.9))), having discussion with husband (AOR (95% CI) = 6.1 (2.6, 14.1)), partner tested (AOR (95% CI) = 8.2 (1.9, 34.46)), and being not satisfied with the service (AOR (95% CI) = 0.46 (0.2, 0.99)).Conclusions. This study revealed that utilization of HIV counseling and testing during antenatal care was high among pregnant women in Sebeta town. It highlights that focusing on improvement of quality and coverage of health services has significant effects on PMTCT service utilization. Effective use or uptake of ARV drug among HIV-positive pregnant women should be further investigated so that utilization will be enhanced.

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of HIV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a tertiary care hospital, Cuttack, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Nayak ◽  
Manju Kumari Jain ◽  
S. Dhivya ◽  
Sumitra Hota
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Antenatal Clinic ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Mother To Child

Background: Estimating the HIV seroprevalence in a low risk population such as pregnant women provide essential information for monitoring trend of HIV in general population and assist in prevention from mother to child transmission. Methods: This study was conducted in SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, India between February 2014 to August 2014 which includes 1600 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinic. Blood sample collected after pretest counselling and informed consent, tested for HIV antibodies as per NACO guidelines. First antibody test was ELISA. If initial result was positive, it was confirmed by two other supplemental tests. Results: Out of 1600 pregnant women, 8 found to be HIV-positive with seroprevalence rate of 0.5%. Majority of seropositive women (87.5%) were in the age group of 20-30 Years. 12.5% were in 15-19 years of age. The seroprevalence was high in less than 20 years of age (1.9%), with higher reproductive history (2.4%), and in illiterates (3%). Majority of HIV positive women’s husband were migrants followed by truckers. Conclusions: This study indicates a marginal increase in HIV prevalence in antenatal women even though our study population is not representative of whole India because it is a hospital based study with limited sample size. Mother to child transmission of HIV infection during pregnancy, delivery or breast feeding is responsible for more than 90% of pediatrics AIDS. Proper antenatal screening, interventions and preventive strategies during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding will bring down the mother to child transmission of HIV. 

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