Factors in the Selection of Container Materials for the Disposal of HLW/SF

2012 ◽  
Vol 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fraser King
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Passive Alloys ◽  
Passive Materials ◽  
Container Material ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACTThe container is the only absolute barrier in the multi-barrier system that forms the basis of all nuclear waste disposal strategies. The selection of an appropriate container material is therefore of utmost importance. Some of the factors that underlay the choice of container material are discussed, ranging from the properties of the near-field and host rock to the desired or expected containment period.There has been a trend towards the specification of container materials that will corrode actively under repository conditions, such as copper and carbon steel. Passive materials, such as titanium and nickel alloys and the various stainless steels, have found less acceptance and the reasons for this emphasis on active materials are also discussed.In selecting an appropriate container material, it is essential to understand the nature of the corrosive environment and how it evolves over time. The evolution of environmental conditions will also cause the corrosion behaviour of the container to change with time. For repositories in saturated environments, it will be argued that passive alloys can provide long container lifetimes without some of the disadvantages of some active materials such as gas generation and other adverse impacts on other barriers.Finally, areas of future development and areas requiring additional study will be discussed.

Real-time Approximation of Photometric Polygonal Lights

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Christian Luksch ◽  
Lukas Prost ◽  
Michael Wimmer
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Specular Reflection ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Photometric Measurement ◽  
Integration Technique ◽  
Time Approximation ◽  
Light Emitter ◽  
Selection Of

We present a real-time rendering technique for photometric polygonal lights. Our method uses a numerical integration technique based on a triangulation to calculate noise-free diffuse shading. We include a dynamic point in the triangulation that provides a continuous near-field illumination resembling the shape of the light emitter and its characteristics. We evaluate the accuracy of our approach with a diverse selection of photometric measurement data sets in a comprehensive benchmark framework. Furthermore, we provide an extension for specular reflection on surfaces with arbitrary roughness that facilitates the use of existing real-time shading techniques. Our technique is easy to integrate into real-time rendering systems and extends the range of possible applications with photometric area lights.

Key Issues Influencing the Performance of Near-Field Barriers

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Tasker ◽  
S.J. Wisbey ◽  
C.B. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Performance Assessments ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Natural Analogues ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTIn developing a national strategy for the disposal of radioactive wastes, each country will consider isolation options that are appropriate to the types of waste that are produced. The options are developed in response to specific national regulatory requirements, and thus will focus on different aspects of performance. However, there are a number of technical concerns that are common to all programmes. The major issues concerning the behaviour of the chemical and physical barriers in the near field of a radioactive waste repository are discussed in this paper.The description of key issues has been divided into the following categories: barrier design, barrier evolution, scientific understanding through modelling, and validation of performance. The near-field barriers are selected and designed to provide appropriate radionuclide containment and control. Factors affecting the evolution of these barriers, such as container degradation and gas generation, determine the subsequent release of radionuclides to the human environment. Modelling repository evolution is therefore an integral feature of performance assessments, and issues such as the treatment of inhomogeneities and non-equilibrium chemistry may need to be addressed. However, the use of mathematical and computer models implies a requirement for validation. The use of demonstration experiments and natural analogues builds confidence in the predictions of repository performance models, and provides a degree of validation for otherwise inaccessible timescales.

Selection of Complete Recovery of Precious Metals in the Processing of Copper-Nickel Alloys in Hydrometallurgical Way

2018 ◽  
Vol 927 ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Gorlenkov ◽  
I.V. Gorlenkova ◽  
I.I. Beloglazov ◽  
V.Yu. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Copper Nickel ◽  
Dependence Graphs ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Dissolution Potential

This article deals with the key aspects of how to determine the dissolution potential of copper-nickel base alloys containing precious metals in a lab environment and select conditions for their dissolution. The work indicates the composition of the anode under research and presents the dependence graphs of the potentials on time and stress. It also explains the effect of some impurities on the process.

Complexities of corrosion behaviour of copper–nickel alloys under liquid impingement conditions in saline water

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 3123-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Metikoš-Huković ◽  
I. Škugor ◽  
Z. Grubač ◽  
R. Babić
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Copper Nickel

The Effect of Nearfield Constraints on the Corrosion Behavior of High Burnup Spent Fuel

2006 ◽  
Vol 932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Loida ◽  
Manfred Kelm ◽  
Bernhard Kienzler ◽  
Horst Geckeis ◽  
Andreas Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Host Rock ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Dissolution Rates ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Container Material

ABSTRACTThe long-term immobilization for individual radioelements released from the waste form “spent fuel” in solid phases upon groundwater contact depends strongly on the (geo)chemical constraints prevailing in the repository. Related experimental studies comprise effects induced by the presence of Fe based container material, and near field materials other than Fe for a rock salt environment. The effect of the presence of an argillaceous host rock containing organic matter and pyrite on fuel alteration was studied in addition. The results have shown that oxidative radio-lysis products were found to be consumed at a significant extent by the metallic Fe and by the argillaceous host rock. Under these conditions a decrease at a factor of ca.100 for both the matrix dissolution rates and the solution concentrations of U and Pu was found. There is mutual support between the matrix dissolution rates, the solution concentrations and the amounts of oxygen encountered during the experiments under various conditions controlled by the presence of near field materials under study.

Sediment source identification: a review and a case study in some Canadian streamsThis paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue in honour of Professor M. Selim Yalin (1925–2007).

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1622-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bommanna G. Krishnappan ◽  
Patricia A. Chambers ◽  
Glenn Benoy ◽  
Joseph Culp
Keyword(s):  
Source Identification ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Sediment Source ◽  
Sediment Control ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
Selection Of

The state-of-the-art of sediment source identification is reviewed in this paper. Sediment “fingerprinting” techniques using different “fingerprint” properties were examined. With these techniques, it is possible to identify potential sources of sediment transported in river systems. Such knowledge is useful for implementing sediment control strategies to limit sediment production from upland areas in a watershed as well as for developing guidelines for land use practices to minimize adverse impacts on surface and ground water resources in agricultural watersheds. Examples of sediment source identification techniques that were carried out in agricultural watersheds in different parts of the world were also included in the present review.

scholarly journals Corrosion behaviour of copper - nickel alloys in LiBr solutions: A comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Shaimaa Abd Elhamid ◽  
abeer el meleigy ◽  
Adel ATTIA ◽  
ali El warraky ◽  
saad Abd-El-Wahab
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Copper Nickel

scholarly journals Hunian Vertikal Kontainer Buruh Pt Kima Dengan Konsep Arsitektur Humanis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Liza Utami Marzaman ◽  
Amiruddin Akbar Fisu
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Glass Wool ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Wool Material ◽  
Insulation Systems ◽  
Site Design ◽  
Container Material ◽  
Selection Of

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendesain Rumah Susun yang layak huni bagi Buruh PT KIMA Makassar melalui pendekatan yang humanis, sejalan dengan kebutuhan kaum buruh sehari-hari untuk beristirahat, sekaligus memaksimalkan potensi perancangan tapak yang menunjang interaksi sosial dan rekreasi. Pemilihan lokasi Rumah Susun berada di dalam kawasan PT KIMA yang dapat ditempuh berjalan kaki sehingga dapat menunjang produktivitas kerja serta memberikan waktu lebih banyak untuk berinteraksi dengan keluarga. Material yang digunakan adalah kontainer bekas sebab ketersediaannya yang cukup banyak dan kemudahan dalam proses pembangunannya serta memiliki bentuk yang dapat disusun secara modular. Perancangan yang humanis terhadap material kontainer ini dicapai melalui perancangan ruang-ruang yang menunjang kenyamanan akses, kenyamanan termal, dan interaksi sosial. Massa bangunan ditata agar mampu memaksimalkan pengkondisian iklim mikro secara alami. Pada unit-unitnya dirancang dengan memaksimalkan bukaan untuk pencahayaan dan penghawaan alami, serta dengan sistem insulasi menggunakan material glass wool. Ruang-ruang diatur agar memungkinkan interaksi sosial. Ruang-ruang terbuka dan komunal dioptimalkan, seperti pada area selasar dan taman-taman di dalam tapak.The purpose of this research is to design a decent housing for PT KIMA Makassar laborers through a humanistic approach, in line with the needs of the daily laborers to rest, while maximizing the potential of site design that supports social interaction and recreation. The selection of flats location is within PT KIMA area which can be reached on foot so that it can support work productivity and give more time to interact with family. The material used is used shipping container because of its considerable availability and ease of construction process as well as has a form that can be arranged in modular. The humanist design of the container material is achieved through the design of spaces that facilitate access comfort, thermal comfort, and social interaction. Building masses are designed to maximize microclimate conditioning naturally. The units are designed to maximize openings for natural lighting and cross ventilation, as well as with insulation systems using glass wool material. Spaces are arranged to allow for social interaction. The open and communal spaces are optimized, as in the lobby area and the gardens within the site.

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