Optical Activation of Ion Implanted Rare-Earths

ABSTRACTA review of the main results concerning the ion implantation of the rare-earth elements is given.To obtain the best optical activation of rare-earths, we attempt to optimize the implantation (energy, dose) and annealing (temperature, duration) conditions. The studied materials are Si, II-VI binaries (ZnTe, CdS), III-V binaries (GaAs, InP), III-V ternaries (GaAlAs, GaInAs) and III-V quaternaries (GaInAsP).

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The isotopic constitution and atomic weights of the rare earth elements

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical and Physical Character ◽

10.1098/rspa.1934.0137 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 146 (856) ◽

pp. 46-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Positive Result ◽

Rare Earths ◽

Periodic Table ◽

Resolving Power ◽

Fundamental Importance ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Isotopic Constitution ◽

The Rare Earth

Hitherto the widest gap in our knowledge of the isotopic constitution of the elements has been in that part of the periodic Table containing rare earths. A means of obtaining the mass rays of these substances was discovered 10 years ago. By this it was possible to demonstrate the simplicity of lanthanum and praseodymium and to obtain a provisional analysis of the complex elements cerium and neodymium. Beyond these the only positive result was a faint blurr which suggested that erbium was complex and it was decided to postpone further attempts until an instrument of higher resolving power was available. When this was constructed it was naturally first applied to the numerous problems which appeared to be of more fundamental importance so that the complete lack of information on elements 62 to 76 remained.

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Rare Earths Doped Materials

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11030231 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 231

Author(s):

Maria Milanova ◽

Martin Tsvetkov

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Solid State ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Rare Earths ◽

Fiber Amplifiers ◽

Solid State Lasers ◽

Wide Range ◽

Doped Materials ◽

The Rare Earth

Тhe properties of the Rare Earth Elements allow a wide range of applications in optoelectronics, fiber amplifiers, solid-state lasers, telecommunications, biosensing, and photocatalysis, just to mention a few [...]

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Securing new non-China rare earths will be challenging

Emerald Expert Briefings ◽

10.1108/oxan-db243711 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

Rare Earths ◽

The United States ◽

Content Type ◽

China Trade ◽

The Us ◽

Exchange Traded Fund ◽

The Rare Earth

Significance The rare earth ores China imports from the United States will face a 25% rate, however, reducing the attractiveness of processing the material in China. The rare earth exchange-traded fund that US equity investors can buy has lost around 50% since January 2018 with the 1-billion-dollar rare earth elements market experiencing an uneventful 2018 after years of oversupply. Impacts If the renminbi continues strengthening to the dollar, Chinese exporters will ask for a higher dollar-denominated price for rare earths. Calls to nationalise the 75%-Chinese-owned Mountain Pass mine in California may intensify should the US-China trade negotiations fail. China will continue to consume 70% of its rare earths output, and its exports are likely to continue to avoid tariffs.

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Flame spectra of the rare-earth elements*

Spectrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/s0371-1951(62)80233-1 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1127-1153

Author(s):

V FASSEL ◽

R CURRY ◽

R KNISELEY

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

The Rare Earth

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The Rare Earth Elements Found In Our Pockets

10.31988/scitrends.4386 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Romero Freire

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earth Elements ◽

The Rare Earth

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China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths

10.1093/oso/9780190670931.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sophia Kalantzakos

Keyword(s):

Rare Earth ◽

Rare Earths ◽

Resource Competition ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

High Tech ◽

Trade Dispute ◽

Policy Responses ◽

Economic Statecraft ◽

The Rare Earth

In 2010, because of a geopolitical incident between China and Japan, seventeen elements of the periodic table known as rare earths became notorious overnight. An “unofficial” and temporary embargo of rare-earth shipments to Japan alerted the world to China’s near monopoly position on the production and export of these indispensable elements for high-tech, defense, and renewable energy sources. A few months before the geopolitical confrontation, China had chosen to substantially cut export quotas of rare earths. Both events sent shockwaves across the markets, and rare-earth prices skyrocketed, prompting reactions from industrial nations and industry itself. The rare-earth crisis is not a simple trade dispute, however. It also raises questions about China’s use of economic statecraft and the impacts of growing resource competition. A detailed and nuanced examination of the rare-earth crisis provides a significant and distinctive case study of resource competition and its spill-over geopolitical effects. It sheds light on the formulation, deployment, longevity, effectiveness, and, perhaps, shortsightedness of policy responses by other industrial nations, while also providing an example of how China might choose to employ instruments of economic statecraft in its rise to superpower status.

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