Application of MeV Ion Implantation in the Formation of Nano-Metallic Clusters in Silica

1996 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Ila ◽  
Z. Wu ◽  
R. L. Zimmerman ◽  
S. Sarkisov ◽  
C. C. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Gold Clusters ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pure Silica ◽  
Photorefractive Materials ◽  
Electric Susceptibility

ABSTRACTThe implantation of metal ions into photorefractive materials followed by thermal annealing leads to an increase in resonance optical absorption as well as an enhancement of the nonlinear optical properties. We have implanted ions of Au (3.6 MeV), Ag (1.5 MeV) and Cu (2.0 MeV) into pure silica followed by careful heat treatment. Using optical absorption spectrophotometry and rutherford backscattering spectrometry we have measured the cluster size for each heat treatment temperature and determined the activation energies for their formation. The third order electric susceptibility for silica with 2 nm gold clusters has been determined by Z-scan to be 65×10−8 esu.

NONLINEAR OPTICAL ABSORPTION BY INTERACTION BETWEEN INTERBAND- AND INTRABAND-RESONANT LIGHTS IN n-DOPED QUANTUM WELL STRUCTURE

1992 ◽  
Vol 01 (04) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSUMU NODA ◽  
TETSURO OKUDA ◽  
TAKAO YAMASHITA ◽  
AKIO SASAKI
Keyword(s):  
Optical Absorption ◽  
Quantum Well ◽  
Nonlinear Optical ◽  
Wave Structure ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Order Interaction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Quantum Well Structure ◽  
Nonlinear Optical Absorption

Nonlinear optical absorption for interband-resonant light by intraband-resonant light in n-doped quantum well structure is experimentally demonstrated. The nonlinearity is caused by the third-order interaction between interband- and intraband-resonant lights through a guided-wave structure. The amount of absorption for interband-resonant light is increased by 60% with the incidence of intraband-resonant light of 100–200 kW/cm2.

Glancing Angle X-Ray Analysis of Titanium Copper Compound Formations

1984 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Psaras ◽  
D. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering ◽  
Copper Compound ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
Ideal Stoichiometry

AbstractTitanium copper compound formations have been studied via Seeman Bohlin x-ray diffractometry and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The heat treatment temperature range was 350°C to 475°C and th heat treatment times ranged from 0 to 240 minutes. Tetragonal gamma TiCu formed first at ˜350°C and was sequentially followed by orthorhombic TiCu3 at ˜400°C. From Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis it was concluded that the second TiCu3 compound deviated from ideal stoichiometry to a nonstoichiometric Ti0.88Cu3.12 composition

Dispersion relation in the third-order electric susceptibility for polysilane film

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (24) ◽  
pp. 3724-3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kishida ◽  
T. Hasegawa ◽  
Y. Iwasa ◽  
T. Koda ◽  
Y. Tokura
Keyword(s):  
Dispersion Relation ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Electric Susceptibility

Probe size and 5th-order aberration

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifeng Shao
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
Cylindrical Symmetry ◽  
Electron Wave ◽  
Third Order ◽  
The Third ◽  
Probe Radius ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Probe Size

A small electron probe has many applications in many fields and in the case of the STEM, the probe size essentially determines the ultimate resolution. However, there are many difficulties in obtaining a very small probe.Spherical aberration is one of them and all existing probe forming systems have non-zero spherical aberration. The ultimate probe radius is given byδ = 0.43Csl/4ƛ3/4where ƛ is the electron wave length and it is apparent that δ decreases only slowly with decreasing Cs. Scherzer pointed out that the third order aberration coefficient always has the same sign regardless of the field distribution, provided only that the fields have cylindrical symmetry, are independent of time and no space charge is present. To overcome this problem, he proposed a corrector consisting of octupoles and quadrupoles.

Children’s Recall of Approximations to English

1973 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Carrow ◽  
Michael Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Fourth Order ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Memory Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
General Index ◽  
General Linguistic

As a general index of language development, the recall of first through fourth order approximations to English was examined in four, five, six, and seven year olds and adults. Data suggested that recall improved with age, and increases in approximation to English were accompanied by increases in recall for six and seven year olds and adults. Recall improved for four and five year olds through the third order but declined at the fourth. The latter finding was attributed to deficits in semantic structures and memory processes in four and five year olds. The former finding was interpreted as an index of the development of general linguistic processes.

Effects of Heat Treatment Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/SiO2 Composite Aerogels

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1079-1083
Author(s):  
Zhao-Hui LIU ◽  
Gen-Liang HOU ◽  
Xun-Jia SU ◽  
Feng GUO ◽  
Zhou XIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Composite Aerogels
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